...1. For rivalry within the industry, the market share of Apple was about 3% of the total PC market. The reason for this was that other PC manufacturers were building generic computers at various low prices while Apple would only build high quality products at premium prices. This gave Apple a low market share and high rivalry with other companies. For Suppliers, the suppliers of hardware were many so while the suppliers for microprocessors and OS’s were few like Intel and Microsoft. The first set was available at competitive prices while the second set was not as widely available. For Buyers, there were many people and organizations that would buy Microsoft PCs due to lower prices so they had more power to choose while buyers for high quality of Apple were few. In threats of new entrants, due to the ease of Micorsoft’s model in the 80s many new entrants could enter the market easily with a competitive machine. In threat of substitutes, there weren’t many in the 80s but by 2005 there were many different players in the PC market so there were all kinds of machines to choose from. 4. The key problem for Apple in the PC market was the high price of its products while Microsoft machines were lower priced. Since Apple machines could only use the Apple OS, while Microsoft was compatible with all other machines, Apple’s market share was low. This caused Apple’s adoption rate to slow down and then more software would be developed for Microsoft due to its high market share. This in...
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...REI – Working Together for a Better World Best Company for 25 Years REI is a cooperative – and a spirit of cooperation is infused in everything that they do. Leaders and employees cooperate with each other to insure that work is done well, people have a good time, and the labor conditions for employees at REI and at suppliers meet high standards. Employees cooperate with customers to listen to what they want and provide them with great products and great service. Everyone at REI cooperates with the environment, making numerous contributions outside of work time – in the form of community service work, educational programs and financial support – to help insure that the planet continues to exist in a healthy way into the next century. And all of this cooperation has brought REI significant positive recognition as one of only 5 companies to have been selected as one of the 00 Best Companies to Work for in America in both editions of the book of that name, and in every edition of the list published annually in Fortune magazine. REI is a model of the power and positive contribution that the spirit and practice of cooperation can bring to an enterprise. Living the Mission REI is a group of people striving to live up to the fullest meaning of the words used to describe the company. REI’s core purpose is to “… inspire, educate and outfit for a lifetime of outdoor adventure and stewardship.” As a cooperative, everyone in the company and customers, producers and suppliers, are...
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...entorno, del análisis de la situación y por último el análisis del SWOTT (“Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats”). Este último punto se toma en cuenta, ya que su propósito es incrementar sus ventas en este producto. El “iPad”2, es una tableta o una computadora portátil liviana y fácil de utilizar, ya que su diseño fue inspirado por los teléfonos portátiles. “Apple”, es una compañía innovadora la cual decidió crear el “iPad”2 para entrar a un mercado diferente a los de los teléfonos inteligentes. No obstante, ya que creando esta nueva computadora fácil de utilizar y diferente a todo lo que el mercado estaba acostumbrado. Las ventajas del “iPad”2 en comparación a un teléfono, es el tamaño de la pantalla. Esto le da ventaja al usuario, ya que este puede navegar por el Internet con mejor facilidad que por un teléfono. Quiere decir, que el usuario no tendría que accesar desde su computadora portátil. Sin embargo; su enfoque está dirigido a diferentes mercados, educación, corporativo y al mercado de las computadoras portátiles e internet. El “iPad”2, es la sucesora del “iPad”1, donde Apple logró mejorar e innovar en la creación del “iPad”2, esta nueva tableta contiene dos cámaras. Estas dos cámaras están ubicadas una en el área frontal y la otra en el área trasera. El “iPad”2, contiene un procesador de doble núcleo A5. La tarjeta de procesamiento de video, es nueve veces más potente que el “iPad”1. Según las especificaciones del “iPad”2 esta puede...
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...trabajaban para él. Sin embargo, hay muchos jefes desagradables en el mundo. Jobs fue diferente porque él fue convincente, carismáticos, y personas inspiradas para lograr grandes cosas. Mientras que Jobs fue duro con la gente, él era divertido trabajar con, interesante, y engendrado tremenda lealtad entre los que trabajaban para él. Lecciones de liderazgo se puede aprender de Steve Jobs y aplicada por cada persona en función de su contexto y estilo. Las lecciones de liderazgo extraídos de los trabajos no son un how-to guiar y no representan una fórmula para el éxito. cada contexto y cada líder son diferentes. Pero, estas lecciones de Jobs la vida y la experiencia pueden influir en el pensamiento de un líder. Tim Cook, el actual CEO de Apple, ofrece un ejemplo. Cook ha hecho un trabajo excepcional de aprender estas importantes lecciones de los trabajos (tales como...
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...NeXT step 5 2.2 Show business 5 2.3 Mater of ceremonias 6 2.4 Icon 6 3. Defining the future 7 3.1 Mogul 7 3.2 Breaking new ground 7 3.3 iPod, iTunes, therefore I am 8 3.4 Clash of the titans 8 3.5 Showtime 8 Bibliografía 9 Prologue El libro comienza con la narración de un uno de los momentos más grandiosos en la vida de Steve Jobs, en enero de 2000 en la Expo MacWorld en San Francisco, donde anuncia deja de ser CEO interino para convertirse en el nuevo CEO de Apple. El público grito por varios minutos su nombre, cuando por fin Steve comenzó hablar dijo que tenía el mejor trabajo del mundo que era trabajar todos los días con las gente más talentosa del planeta en Apple y Pixar. Algo que hace 15 años jamás hubiera reconocido, pero las cosas eran diferente, Steve había cambiado. Steve Wozniak co-fundador con Steve de Apple Inc., esta ahí y no pudo más que reconocer a su compañero. 1. Flowering and Withering 2.1 Roots Steve Paul Jobs nació el 24 de febrero de 1955 en San Francisco, California. Fue adoptado por la pareja Paul y Clara Jobs. Para la edad de 10 años Steve estaba interesado en la electrónica, era un niño solitario y desafiaba continuamente a sus profesores y tuvo varios problemas en la escuela, así que convenció a...
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...MERCK AND RIVER BLINDNESS 1. Think about the definition of stakeholders — any parties with a stake in the organization’s actions or performance. Who are the stakeholders in this situation? How many can you list? On what basis would you rank them in importance? People suffering from the disease or those who potentially may be infected – would directly benefit from the cure Merck employees at all levels – profitability and the economic health of the company affects current employees Merck shareholders – inability to profit from the drug might have a negative effect on shareholder’s value, but taking the stand on “doing the right thing” might have a favorable effect on company’s reputation and increase the value of the stock Various healthcare organizations – Merck is one of the leaders in the industry whose actions or inactions may affect the state of the industry as a whole One way to rank stakeholders in importance is by their level of benefit from the drug putting people suffering from the disease in the first place as they would benefit the most from the invent of the cure. Then, employees and shareholders would share the second place, provided that the company would most likely not be able to recover funds invested in the long and expensive process of developing the drug which in turn would affect company’s profitability. Finally, various healthcare organizations would rank third; the effect on them would depend on the level of their involvement in the process...
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...In his prologue to Daphnis and Chloe, Longus refers to his four books as “a0na/qhma me\n7!Eroti kai\ Nu/mfaij kai\ Pani/” (Pr 2.3-4). Coming before any of the action of the novel, the reader asks, and for good reason, why these three gods or sets of gods? Then in the final book, Daphnis gives “a0naqh/mata…tw~| Dionu/sw|…tw~| Pani\...tai~j Nu/mfaij” (4.26.6-8). Here Dionysus has filled the place of Eros, or, as I shall argue, Dionysus represents the same universal force as Eros in the earlier books. These divinities, Eros/Dionysus, Pan, and the Nymphs, directly influence the lives of the titular protagonists. Their influence serves different purposes depending on what the situation calls for, but, overall, the influences could be labeled as such: Eros/Dionysus controls their lives, the Nymphs nurture the youths, and Pan enflames their passion. In many Greek novels, Eros functions as a stock figure, “not much more than a convenient method of setting [the] plot in motion” (Turner 119). Critics have heavily studied the role of Eros in this novel, and many find that the text of Daphnis and Chloe can be seen as an introductory text for syncretic monotheistic religions, specifically that of Orphic Dionysus. This argument holds valid, yet, I think, over reads the text, and Chalk admits as an introductory text, it is merely “allusive” and not clearly instructive (36). Philetas certainly describes the “cosmic Eros” found in Hesiod’s Theognis in his interaction with Eros in his garden...
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...Caso Merck & Co: Evaluación de una oportunidad de licencias de medicamentos El caso está ambientada en el año 2000. Merck & Co. es una compañía global, impulsada por la investigación farmacéutica, investiga, desarrolla, fabrica y comercializa una amplia gama de productos para personas, así como productos de salud animal. Opera directamente a través de empresas conjuntas establecidas y prestas servicios de gestión de productos farmacéuticos (PBM). Durante los últimos 5 años, la compañía ha lanzado 15 nuevos productos de éxito, las drogas más populares han generado la cantidad de $5.7 mil millones en ventas en todo el mundo. Entre 1998 y 1999, un aumento del 20% en las ventas se observó. Merck posee las patentes de los medicamentos más populares, sin embargo, expirará en 2002. Una vez que las patentes han caducado, las ventas disminuirán por los medicamentos genéricos sustitutos y baratos en el mercado. La compañía tiene como objetivo mantener un buen camino en el desarrollo de fármacos, por constante renovación de su cartera, lo que impide la pérdida de ventas de medicamentos que van fuera del tiempo de la patente. Los nuevos fármacos son bien desarrollados por la investigación interna (la mayoría) mediante la colaboración con empresas de biotecnología. El producto: Davanrik Davarnik fue desarrollado por los productos farmacéuticos LAB, un producto farmacéutico pequeño y relativamente joven especializada con compuestos para el tratamiento de trastornos neurológicos. Originalmente...
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...Story Tiffany & Co. is created by Charles Lewis Tiffany and John B. Young (then known as Tiffany & Young, a stationery and fancy goods emporium at 259 Broadway in New York). All items were marked with a non-negotiable selling price, which was a first at that time. The first day’s sales total $4.98. 1837: Introduction of the Tiffany Blue Box The well-known shade of blue was chosen to symbolize the company’s renowned reputation for quality and craftsmanship. The colour is well known globally and widely used on Tiffany & Co. boxes, catalogues, shopping bags, brochures and in their advertising mediums. Today, it has become Tiffany & Co’s trademark colour. No box can be taken out of a Tiffany & Co. store except with an article which has been sold by them. This adds to the exclusivity of the brand. The tradition of the famed Tiffany Blue Box has endured over the years as its contents are unsurpassable in quality and design. 1845: The First Blue Book The first ever Tiffany catalogue is published. This tradition still continues at present day. 1851: The Heritage of Tiffany Silver Tiffany becomes the first American company to use the 925/1000 sterling standards which is later adopted as the United States Sterling Standard. Tiffany’s silver designs also start capturing attention worldwide. 1853: Tiffany & Co. is “Officially” Named Charles Tiffany assumes control of the company and renames it. 1867: Tiffany & Co. at the Paris Exposition Universelle Tiffany & Co becomes the first...
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...It starts with an idea s t a g e s o f innovation Best Practices in Brand Extension: Effective Application of Brand Recognition BRAND EQUITY CAN BE DIVIDED INTO THREE COMPONENTS: EXPERTISE, EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENTS AND PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES Brand extensions are an effective and popular method of gaining a competitive advantage when entering a new product area. Consumers are faced with an increasingly complex and confusing marketplace. The ability of a brand to act as a mental shortcut for consumers, thereby simplifying the decision-making process, makes it one of, it not the, most important asset for a company. The ability of a brand to influence consumer behavior, and its subsequent value to companies, will increase as consumers face a growing amount of information in the marketplace. By placing a well-known brand on a new product, a company can imbue that product with all the positive associations of that brand, thereby giving it a competitive advantage. With some estimates of the failure rate for new products at 90%, the added value of being associated with a trusted brand can be critical to a new product’s survival. Given the increasing value of established brands and the difficulty in launching new products, the popularity of brand extensions is understandable. However, the brand extension process must be carefully planned in order to insure the value of the brand is successfully transferred to the extension without jeopardizing the brand’s equity. To do so, a company...
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...THE MAIN STRATEGIC PROBLEMS PROBLEM: ‘Tiffany’ was very focused on their brand name. In most of the cases it is very good for a company and for Tiffany it would be right decision as well but the management preferred to do it starting from the bottom point. In my opinion, it was wrong decision. The company put very high prices on jewelries which do not have very high value according to the materials, and furthermore the company did not have the name what would attract people to buy its products. The company had chosen fundamental strategy to keep their name up and make it more famous. The second strategic fault, in my view, was the licensing the Tiffany brand to an Italian fashion-eyewear manufacturer – it means they have no control over the products which are produced by other company, so most probably the quality also will not be the same. It can be the reason for sales to fall down. Solution 1: I think they should have licensed the name for other sphere of production – this point would assure people that the products they used to buy from Tiffany are still made by the same way, and quality is going to be saved as usual. Solution 2: I would enhance the range of the products, and at the same time to have a control over of their quality. I think, in this case the sales would go up with the income. Recommendation: In my opinion the second solution would be better for this case. According to the Tiffany’s history: in most of the times the company was making decision exactly...
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... Managing Brand Extensions Brand Mix ▪ Definitions ▪ Breadth and Depth of Brand Mix Brand Extensions ▪ How to make brand extensions? ▪ Advantages and disadvantages ▪ Examples 1.2 A company may have more than one brands in different product categories It is critical that the firm can help consumers understand its products and services and organize them in their minds. The brand-product matrix help to characterize and formulate branding strategies by defining various relationships among brands and products. 1.3 The brand-product matrix A graphical representation of all the brands and products sold by the firm Brands rows Products columns 1 A Brands B Products 2 3 4 C 1.4 P&G Matrix Shampoo Cosmetics Toothpaste Toothbrush Floss Brands 1.5 Definitions Brand line ▪ All products sold under a particular brand 1.6 P&G Matrix Brand Line 1.7 Definitions Brand line Brand portfolio ▪ The set of all brands in a particular category 1.8 P&G Matrix Brand Portfolio 1.9 Definitions Brand line Brand portfolio Brand mix ▪ The set of all brands that a particular seller/company makes available to buyers 1.10 P&G Matrix Brand Mix 1.11 Breadth of brand mix How many different products should we carry? (Whether we should go into a product category?) ▪ Aggregate market factors ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Market size Market growth...
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...hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in...
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...Conflict and Change Harvard Case Study Professor: Robert Lazer PhD Team: Zerrin Hejazi, Mark Klabonski, Elizabeth Lamb, Hari Thenneti Pandurangamoorthi, & Hareshkumar Surani The History of Merck U.S. sales office opened in and George Merck, Heinrich’s grandson, was appointed head of the U.S. branch Friedrich Jacob Merck opened Merck in Germany 1668 1827 Heinrich E Merck transformed the business and Merck began manufacturing 1887 Merck merged with Philadelphia pharmacy Sharp & Dohme 1891 The renamed company Merck & Co. opens for business 1953 2009 Merck merged with ScheringPlough Corporation and Organon BioSciences Pharmaceutical Industry • The average drug development time is over fifteen years with an average R&D expenditure of $800 million. • The FDA requires three phases of testing to assess safety and effectiveness. o Test results dictate what is displayed on the drug’s label and how the doctor will prescribe it. • Follow-up studies (Phase 5) can be performed to assess the drug after market release (Phase 4) and amend the drug label for improved sales. Pharmaceutical Success • 1981 to 2001, Merck experienced an upward trend on several industry metrics. • Their Return on Sales (ROS) for their Human Pharma line peaked at just over 40% in 2001 with an average of 24% . • The early 1990’s exhibited a downward trend just prior to Gilmartin assuming the role of CEO. Pharmaceutical Success ...
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...requires further explanation to provide greater accuracy within the analysis. The two main areas for development within the question are the terms strategic and tactical. Strategic can be defined as 'relating to the gaining of overall or long-term military advantage'1 Tactical on the other hand can be defined as 'relating to or constituting actions carefully planned to gain a specific military end.'2 The Allied invasion of Sicily, codenamed OP HUSKY, was one of the major campaigns and naval landings of World War II. It began on the night of 9th - 10th July 1943 and was a combination of a large scale amphibious and fairborne operation proceeded by a six weeks of inland combat. The first strategic lesson that can be learnt is the need for co-ordination and integration of all arms and services into the initial planning phase and also during the execution of any operation, a key example of evidence to support this is during OP FUSTAIN. OP FUSTAIN was a mission to capture the Primosole bridge over the Simeto river. This bridge was vital ground for both the German/ Sicilian forces and the allied troops. It was the one major crossing point that would allow for the movement of...
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