...Case Study: Water Issues in the Southwest 1. Prior appropriation water rights are rights that are created on the appropriation doctrine, which is developed in Western states. These water rights are different from riparian water rights, which is rights for the eastern states. In the western states, water supplies are very limited and the right is also allotted to those who are “first in time if use.” Winters water rights is referred to as “reserved water rights.” The rights states that when an American Indian then states that when an American Indian reservation is established by either a treaty, statute, or executive order implied reservation of water rights is included in said treaty, statute, or executive order. These water rights apply to water sources that are either within he reservation or bordering it. The conflict is the controversy in some areas of water law including quantification and administration of tribal water rights. The Winters take a priority. 2. Southwest tribes have powerful rights to water, at least on paper. Most tribes have a priority water right that dates back to the creation of their reservations. Some tribes have entered into settlements regarding their water rights, but many have not. It is not possible to be ethical and address everyone’s water rights. Whether tribal water rights are settled, adjudicated, or as yet unquantified, global warming’s effects on water will only heighten the tension that exists with regard to access to the west’s...
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...Essay on Native American Environmental Issues by David R. Lewis This essay is taken from Native America in the Twentieth Century: An Encyclopedia, edited by Mary B. Davis and published in 1994 by Garland Publishers of New York. The encyclopedia includes additional essays on mining, natural resource management, hunting and fishing rights, and economic development. It's a highly recommended resource. Reprinted without permission for educational purposes. Traditionally Native Americans have had an immediate and reciprocal relationship with their natural environments. At contact, they lived in relatively small groups close to the earth. They defined themselves by the land and sacred places, and recognized a unity in their physical and spiritual universe. Their cosmologies connected them with all animate and inanimate beings. Indians moved in a sentient world, managing its bounty and diversity carefully lest they upset the spirit "bosses," who balanced and endowed that world. They acknowledged the power of Mother Earth and the mutual obligation between hunter and hunted as coequals. Indians celebrated the earth's annual rebirth and offered thanks for her first fruits. They ritually addressed and prepared the animals they killed, the agricultural fields they tended, and the vegetal and mineral materials they processed. They used song and ritual speech to modify their world, while physically transforming that landscape with fire and water, brawn and brain. They did not passively...
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...Land Without Bread by Luis Bunuel There are numerous ethnographic surrealist films that have an intriguing relationship to aesthetics and politics. A film that exemplifies this relationship is “Las Hurdes: Tierra Sin Pan” (Land Without Bread). This film is only 27-minutes and is directed by the infamous Luis Bunuel in 1933. Bunuel was a Spanish filmmaker of the 1920’s to the 1970’s. He is often attributed to being one of the major contributors to the surrealist movement of the 1920’s. “Ethnographic surrealism is a utopian construct, a statement at once about past and future possibilities for cultural analysis.”(Clifford, 119) ‘Land Without Bread’ has a clear connection between politics and aesthetics. It uses many techniques, specifically the narrator and soundtrack, in order to enhance the ostensible political meaning of the film as well as link it to the ethnographic surrealist movement. Many ethnographic surrealist artists turned their attention to the problem of representing otherness. “Bunuel identified what he saw as a Surrealist tendency to “use” bourgeois society’s ‘other’s’ to negate the cultural status quo while never giving these others their due”(Lastra, 55). Land Without Bread is considered one of the earliest forms of ethnographic surrealism. Fatimah Rony describes Ethnographic cinema as “above all a cinema of the body: the focus is on the anatomy and gestures of the indigenous person, and on the body of the land they inhabit”(Rony, 111). While many film scholars...
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...As the lights in the lecture hall darken, thirty or so sleepy faces tilt up toward the bright, intently watching the white screen as it descends from the ceiling. This is a typical scenario for the freshman art students’ Tuesday lecture class, but on this one particular day, we are collectively able to muster an unusual amount of enthusiasm for this lecture. The reason? Quite simply, Pablo Picasso. Father of Analytical Cubism, one of the chief figures in modern art, as well as being one of the most well known and most popular, Picasso stands as a towering idol and inspiration to many of us as we recount his history. However, as the lecture goes on, I found out an interesting fact about the painter that took me by surprise. Whenever I though about Picasso and cubism, I had always assumed the style had been his own invention; an original, new way of painting that had come to him from some divine form of inspiration. It was revealed, in that dark room surrounded by other artists and victims of inspiration, that Picasso’s square, blocky, misshapen figures were created from the likeness of African art, or more specifically, African masks (“Picasso”). Admittedly, it is certainly not the most shocking thing I’v ever heard, and I wasn’t in any state of disbelief, but a familiar, uneasy feeling did come over me. I have a strong affinity toward many different forms of rock music, installed into me by my parents and the Beatles at an early age. And soon after I began to learn about the...
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...Describe Public Budgeting system in Kosovo from preparation to implementation Author’s Name (Author’s Email) I hereby assure that I have written this paper on my own quoting all sources and references used. Author’s Name Public Administration Edition 2015/2016 Public Budgeting Essay Abstract The budget is one state’s most important economic policy instrument; as such it reflects its development priorities. The budget controls or regulates its revenues and expenditures over one fiscal year; budgeting process is continuous and circular. In general Kosovo budgets are prepared and presented based on past budgets, modelling future expenditures and revenues on ongoing programmes. Kosovo is still a country that learns from the past experiences on budgeting, controlling and managing the income and outcome of the means that are in disposal of the government. List of abbreviation: AoK Assemble of Kosovo BFC Budget and finance committee COPF Committee of Oversight of Public Finance MoF Ministry of Finance MTEF Medium-Term Expenditure Framework RoP Rules of Procedure Introduction: When preparing the annual budget the MoF issues a so called budget circulars to the institutions or department within the government. This document contains clear instructions for budget preparation with expenditure limits for the next fiscal year, and also provides information about the coordination process between these organizations and MoF. Additionally to the...
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... International History Ben Aston 24.04.03 Iraqi forces invaded and annexed Kuwait on 2 August 1990. Within twenty four hours Kuwaiti military resistance had effectively ceased, and the government and emir of Kuwait had fled to Saudi Arabia. A puppet administration was installed and Kuwait was declared to be a province of Iraq. The Persian Gulf War, more commonly referred to as the Gulf War, which began in 1990 and continued through to 1991was driven by a myriad of internal factors. But to what extent were external factors instrumental in the provocation of war? Can some blame be attributed to external forces or would the conflict have occurred despite their involvement and influence? In this essay, the Iraq-Kuwait Gulf War will be understood to mean the conflict which began with Iraqi incursions into Kuwait in 1990 and the subsequent events and conflict which continued during early 1991 until 28 February when a ceasefire was declared. Many Gulf War theorists believe the Gulf War was internally provoked and believe a large portion of the blame can be held to Saddam. Lawrence Freedman suggests “real responsibility [for the Iraq-Kuwait conflict] lies with Saddam Hussein, for the origins of the crisis are to be found in his chronic political insecurity and the lengths to which this drove him.”[1] Although there were many factors which led to Saddam’s political insecurity, in the summer of 1990 the most pressing factor was economic...
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...act in their best interest. Depending on what country you call home, you either participant in a free market economy, a controlled economy, or a mixture of both. In this report we are going to look at what creates each type of economy and where we can find examples of each within the world. First we are going to analysis the characteristic of a Free Market Economy. In a free market, the government’s role is to “make sure that the market is stable enough to, properly, conduct business” (Freidman). In purity, the system hopes to “eliminate subsidies for industries, the pre determination of prices, and the amount of regulation controlling certain industry sectors”(Freidman). The implementation of a free market introduced individual property rights, which allows citizens to voluntarily exchange property/resources at a price arranged solely by the mutual consent of the buyer and seller. The seller is free to choose if the price being offered is worth their property; without threat of physical force, fraud, or coercion by a third party. It is for this reason that in a Market Economy, Capitalism prevails. The driving force behind a capitalist market is the entrepreneurs desire to turn a profit. Another major characteristic of a free market is free competition. This basic rule of a fee market states that people are free to compete without interference from the government...
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...character of the common resource. According to Elinor Ostrom, “neither the state nor the market is uniformly successful in enabling individuals to sustain long-term, productive use of natural resource systems”. This means that there isn’t just “one way” to solve problems concerning common resources. Aristotle observed that “what is common to the greatest number has the least care bestowed upon it. Everyone thinks chiefly of his own, hardly at all of the common interest”. The purpose of this paper is to present what the tragedy of the commons is and the approach of the study of self-governance; also, to give an overview of the commons in modern life. The Tragedy of the Commons Professor Garret Hardin developed this idea in a well-known essay “The Tragedy of the Commons” (1968). He argued that commonly owned and freely accessible resources tend to become depleted when or...
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...definition since World War II has defined poverty in monetary terms, using levels of income or consumption to measure poverty (Grusky and Kanbur, 2006: 11) and defining the poor by a headcount of those who fall below a given income/consumption level or ‘poverty line’ (Lipton and Ravallion, 1993: 1 in Handley et al., 2009). Multidimensional definitions acknowledge that poverty is also defined by a sense of helplessness, dependence and lack of opportunities, self-confidence and self-respect on the part of the poor. (Narayan et al., 2000). Sen (1999) defines poverty as lack of freedom while another dimension view it as interlinked forms of deprivation in the economic, human, political, sociocultural and protective spheres (OECD, 2006).This essay discusses the issue of poverty in Africa from colonial period to present day. The paper also analyses the causes of poverty since colonial era, the poverty alleviation strategies adopted to deal with poverty and propose possible solutions for poverty alleviation. A plethora of case studies will be drawn from several countries to substantiate the claims and insights provides in this paper. 2.0 Poverty, colonialism and Colonial Legacy Poverty is attributed to colonial legacy and how colonial rule marginalized the Africans in economic participation. In Africa, poverty is attributed to the economic activities of the colonial masters which exploited labour, natural resources and expropriated the continent while there was little plough back to...
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...ITM UNIVERSITY UPARWARA, NEW RAIPUR Syllabus for MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION EFFECTIVE FROM THE SESSION: 2012-2013 Semester –I ITM UNIVERSITY, NEW RAIPUR Master of Business Administration Semester –I List of subject for Academic Session 2012 – 13. Serial No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. List of Subjects Principles of Management Managerial Economics Financial Accounting Environment Management Quantitative Techniques Business Legislation Communication Skills- I Computers for Managers ITM UNIVERSITY, RAIPUR Master of Business Administration Subject: Principles of Management Semester-I Unit I Introduction - Nature, function, definition and importance of management, Definition, nature, purpose and scope of management, Functions of a manager, an overview of planning, organizing, staffing leading and controlling. Is management a science or art? Unit II Development of Management Thought - Scientific management; Contribution of Taylor, Fayol, Mary Follet, Elton Mayo; Hawthorne experiments, Contingency approach, Indian heritage in production and consumption. Management and administration, Management as a profession, Professionalism of management in India, Management ethics and management culture, Skills required of manager, Classification of skills, Methods of skills development. Unit III Management Planning - Concept of planning, objectives, Nature, Types of plan, Stages involved in planning, Characteristics of a good plan, Importance, Limitations of planning, Making...
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...institutions of State. Many people and groups see the prospect of a lessening of tensions, and the beginnings of a return to social harmony and economic progress, in Constitutional reform. In response to these pressures, the present government has appointed a commission to review the constitution, and the work of that commission is now open for public comment in a series of open meetings. Response to the official draft has been sporadic but largely negative. The best informed commentators have unanimously seen in it an increase in the power of the Executive, although excessive executive power without adequate checks and balances was said to be the major problem of the existing Constitution. Some human rights organisations have detected in it the beginning of sever erosion of fundamental rights. In addition, other groups, including one newly-formed national political party, have prepared their own drafts, and suggestions for reform of particular aspects have been bandied about for some years. All these proposals, however, are subject to the accusation of catering to the desires of particular groups. This is natural and not to be condemned. Politics is, precisely, the process of conciliation of diverse interests. Such conciliation, however, can only be successful if it takes place within a universally, or near-universally,...
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...This is a 2-hour exam; one essay and 20/25 questions CHECKLIST Do the questions first; then spend the rest of the time on the essay. Things grader looks for: Need a nice IRAC; issue spotting; I. Land Acquisition – TWO or more people fighting over property A. Adverse possession: To constitute adverse possession, there must be actual possession which is uninterrupted, open and notorious, hostile and exclusive, and under a claim of right made in good faith for the statutory period. Possession for a statutory period of time can ripen into title. 1. Elements: COAH a. Actual Possession: Actual means that the possession must be such that the community would reasonably regard the adverse possessor as the owner; the possessor must show an actual entry that gives exclusive possession of the land and does not have the owner’s permission to be there. The possessor’s subjective state of mind is irrelevant. b. Uninterrupted: Continuity of possession may be established although the land is used regularly for only a certain period each year. It is not necessary that the occupant should be actually upon the premises continually. If the land is occupied during the period of time during the year it is capable of use, there is sufficient continuity. Thus, summer occupancy only of a summer beach home does not destroy the continuity of possession required. c. Open and Notorious: The acts of the adverse possessor are...
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...“Strategic Management Of Nestlé” INDEX 1. 2. History Nestlé and basic financial information. ...................................................... 1 Porter’s Five Forces Model.................................................................................... 2 3. Analyze the product/service offered by the company using the B – C framework. What affects the customers’ willingness-to-pay (B)? Where do firm’s costs come from (C)? ... 2 4. Analyze the resources and capabilities of the company. Indicate the key resources and capabilities. ...................................................................................................................... 4 Tangible Resources of Nestlé ................................................................................................................... 4 Intangible Resources of Nestlé.................................................................................................................. 4 Capabilities of Nestlé................................................................................................................................. 4 5. In class, we discussed two types of Porter generic strategies (cost advantage and differentiation advantage). Indicate which strategy the company pursues. Explain. ................ 5 Research and development of new products. ........................................................................................... 5 Competitive differentiation. ..........
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...explosive growth in population and a steep increase in resource depletion and environmental degradation. These trends have fueled the debate on the link between population and environment that began 150 years earlier, when Malthus voiced his concern about the ability of the earth and its finite resources to feed an exponentially growing population. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on population and environment and to identify the main strands of thought and the assumptions that lie behind them. The author begins with a review of the historical perspective. He then reviews and assesses the evidence on the relationship between population and environment, focusing on selected natural and environmental resources: land use, water use, local pollution, deforestation and climate change. The author also reviews selected recent macro and micro perspectives. The new macro perspective introduces the environment-income relationship and examines the role of population growth and density in mediating this relationship. The new micro perspective introduces the close relationship between poverty and environmental degradation, also examining the roles of gender in decision-making and the role of children as economic assets in fertility decisions. Finally, the author carries out a comparative assessment of the approaches and methods employed in the literature to explain the wide variation in findings and predictions. This literature review demonstrates...
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...which focuses on the tribes of Maine whose youth attend Public High School. NEG aims to provide its learners with a set of educational experiences that encourages empowerment and positive Native identity through community education. Native Education is the study of the human, tribal, environmental, historical and social experience of the Natives of Maine. Native Education is very complex with a lot of variables such as time, space, place and the students; NEG therefore focuses on a number of messages: - Community Building - Seventh Generation Sustainability, Economics and Ecology - School Education Policies and Institutions (Boarding Schools to Current Education Models) - Colonization and the “White Expansion” - Cultural Appropriation - Native Ritual, Ceremonies, Practices, Healing Circle - Dominant Religions and their Influence on Culture - Oppression vs. Empowerment - Healthy Relationships: Home, Peers and with Educators - Native Health: Culturally Appropriate Sex Educations, Native Sexuality, Native Gender, Roles, Relationships - Inherited Community Trauma - Resources: Native Based Support Groups, Clinics, Organizations - Movie...
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