Free Essay

Architecture

In:

Submitted By jmostafa
Words 1535
Pages 7
History of Architecture Final

Buildings

Louvre east Facade, Paris 1670 pg 365
LeVau, LeBrun, Perrault
Baroque
* Originally a palace, now serves as an art museum * Updated with Baroque themes: ballistrate on top, double spaced columns lining the facade * There are 2 pavilions on the ends, and one in the middle * 330ft between pavilions * Architects won the chance to design the Facade in a contest Louis XIV made * Facade composition distinctly French: end pavilions, central pedimented unit and connecting stoalike wings

Karlskirche (ext), Vienna 1725 pg 359
Fisher von Erlach
Baroque
* Church, dedicated to St. Charles Borromeo * Broad facade dominated by a dome on a drum above a pedimented portico, flanked by columns * Many historical influences: * Dome and drum from papal Rome * Columned portico from Roman temples like the Pantheon * Trajan’s Columns from Imperial Rome are repeated on both sides of the rotunda * Overall composition reminiscing the dome and minarets of Hagia Sophia * Ceiling embellished with frescoes depicting Charles Borromeo appealing to Virgin Mary as intercessor for relief from the plague

St. Paul’s Cathedral (ext), London 1700 pg 372
Wren
Gothic * Church * Triple shell dome includes a conical intermediate shell that supports the lantern and timber superstructure * Cathedral’s basilican structure comprised of saucer domes in the nave and aisles * Buttresses were above the aisle roofs. * West front based on Perrault’s facade for the Louvre. * Innermost dome made of masonrt. * Above the innermost dome is a brick cone supporting the cupola.

Monticello (ext), Charlottesville, VA 1770 pg 401
Jefferson
* Was Jefferson’s own home (plantation) and continuous architectural project he added to over the years * Utilized the Palladian Villa style but also was influenced by French architecture * Through the use of fenestration, the two story building appears to be a single story * Features an octagonal dome connected to the outside landscape by two walkways * The walkways capture rainwater and channel it into a cistern and end at the Honeymoon Cottage where Jefferson & wife lived

Boston Public Library (ext), Boston 1890 pg 443
McKim, Mead, White
Renaissance Revival * Library organized around a central court * The public reading room and elaborate entry were placed at the front of the plan * Faced with Milford granite * Has thin-shelled vaults * Sculpted panels above the entry were designed by Augustus St. Gaudens * Bronze entry doors designed by Daniel Chester french

Biblioteque Ste.-Genevieve (ext.,int), Paris 1850 pg 418
Labrouste
* Unique utilization of exposed cast iron in the interior * the exterior stonework was a bold abstracted form of Neo-classical styling * The panels between the piers of the arcade contain the names of celebrated members of the French intelligentsia * features a reading room spanning whole length of building, with light semi-circular cast iron arches and 16 cast iron columns * the exterior stonework featured corbeling and many arched windows

Sagrade Familia (ext.), Barcelona, Spain 1882 pg 428 (monroe)
Gaudi
* Is the Expiatory Temple of the Holy Family * Taken over by Art Nouveau proponent Antonio Gaudi, church is still incomplete to this day * The building retains gothic structural overtones and traces of cubism * Its facade of the Nativity is based on grotto-eroded elements flowing together * Features four great spires and fits no single stylistic category

Trinity Church (est.), Boston 1875 pg 438
H.H. Richardson
Gothic Revival * Plan based on a stubby Latin-cross basilica * Polychrome stonework and general massing come from French Romanesque churches * Triple-arched portal derived from St. Gilles-du-Gard * Polychromatic, inside and out. * Murals painted by John LaFarge and Augustus Saint-Gaudens are on the plaster walls inside

Guaranty Building, Buffalo, NY 1894 pg 449
Adler, Sullivan
Art Nouveau * Has a Ornamental style derived from plant life. * Tall building with vertical expression * Has ornate terracotta spandrels under each window. * Has a repetitive pattern on the frieze. * Has a repetitive pattern on the roof fascia

Winslow House (all), River Forest, IL 1893 pg 461
Frank Lloyd Wright
Modern
* Symmetrical * Displays Sullivanesque ornament * House is organized around a central fireplace and is dominated by horizontal lands * The apparent height of the ground floor extends to second floor window sills, reducing the perceived volume of the upper level. * Chimney was broadened to emphasize horizontal theme rather than a vertical one

Chrysler Building (ext), NY 1928 pg 495
Van Allen
Art Deco * Most famous Art Deco structure * Crownlike dome made of stainless steel * Headquarters for the Chrysler car company * Eagle heads line the top of the structure * Top of the building has tiered arches filled with sunbursts, capped by a spire. * Radiator-cap acroteria and frieze of car wheels

Villa Savoye (all), Poissy, France 1930 pg 477
Le Corbusier
Prarie Style * Designed as a weekend house for an art-loving family * The house is on supports so it does not touch the wet forest ground * The interior walls can be moved * Horizontal windows line each of the four floors * The facade is independent of the supports, and can also be moved

Seagram Building (ext), NY 1958 pg 512
Mies van der Rohe
International style * Made for Canadian whiskey distillers. * Has an external non-structural grid * The grid is of bronze-tinted steel holding bronze-tinted glass. * Has a concealed fireproof internal steel frame * Window blinds only hang at 3 heights in order to make the facade seem organized

Vocabulary

Palace of Versailles- Versailles: a palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris near the city of Versailles.

Mansard roof-a roof that has four sloping sides, each of which becomes steeper halfway down..

Palladian- neoclassical style of Andrea Palladio, in particular with reference to the phase of English architecture from c. 1715

Neo-Classical- draws inspiration from ancient Greece or Rome

Georgian- the various styles in the architecture of Britain during the reigns of the first four members of the house of Hanover, between the accession of George Iin 1714 and the death of George IV in 1830. Inspired by Andrea Palladio

John Ruskin- leading English art critic of the Victorian era, was also a prominent art patron and social thinker. he established the Ruskin school of drawing and wrote the work “modern painters”

Beaux-Arts- relating to the classical decorative style maintained by the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, esp. in the 19th century..

Art Nouveau- a style of decorative art, architecture, and design prominent in western Europe and the US from about 1890 until World War I and characterized by intricate linear designs and flowing curves based on natural forms..

Art Deco- the predominant decorative art style of the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by precise and boldly delineated geometric shapes and strong colors, and used most notably in household objects and in architecture..

Arts and Crafts Movement- Arts and Crafts was an international design movement that flourished between 1860 and 1910, especially in the second half of that period, continuing its influence until the 1930s

reinforced concrete- concrete in which wire mesh or steel bars are embedded to increase its tensile strength..

1893 World’s Columbian Exposition-The World's Columbian Exposition was a World's Fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' arrival in the New World in 1492. The iconic centerpiece of the Fair, the large water pool, represented the long voyage Columbus took to the New World

skeletal construction- a method of construction in which the walls are supported at ground level by a steel frame consisting of vertical and horizontal members..

cast iron construction- is a form of architecture where cast iron plays a central role. It was a prominent style in the Industrial Revolution era when cast iron was relatively cheap and modern steel had not yet been developed.

prefabricated- manufacture sections of (esp. a building or piece of furniture) to enable quick or easy assembly on site

International Style- a functional style of 20th-century architecture, so called because it crossed national and cultural barriers. It is characterized by the use of steel and reinforced concrete, wide windows, uninterrupted interior spaces, simple lines, and strict geometric forms..

Prairie Style- Prairie School was a late 19th- and early 20th-century architectural style, most common to the Midwestern United States

cantilever- a long projecting beam or girder fixed at only one end, used chiefly in bridge construction..

“form follows function”- Sullivan’s most famous dictum

Louis Sullivan- Sullivan: United States architect known for his steel framed skyscrapers and for coining the phrase `form follows function' (1856-1924).

Modernism- generally characterized by simplification of form and an absence of applied decoration. It is a term applied to an overarching movement, with its exact definition and scope varying widely. In a broader sense, early modern architecture began at the turn of the 20th century with efforts to reconcile the principles underlying architectural design with rapid technological advancement

Bahaus School- Staatliches Bauhaus, commonly known simply as Bauhaus, was a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. Authoritarian style

Post Modernism- a late-20th-century style and concept in the arts, architecture, and criticism that represents a departure from modernism and has at its heart a general distrust of grand theories and ideologies as well as a problematical relationship with any notion of “art.”

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Architecture

...Republic of the Philippines MINDANAO UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Lapasan, Cagayan De Oro City COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE B.S. in Architecture Major in Architecture BSARCH SY 2007-2008 SUBJECT CODE DESCRIPTIVE TITLE LAB LEC H O U R LAB U LEC CREDIT N I T PRE-REQUISITE CO-REQUISITE 1ST YEAR -1ST SEMESTER ARCH10 Architectural Design 1 (Introduction to Design) 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 ARCH20 Graphics 1 (Mechanical Drawing) 1.0 6.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 ARCH30 Visual Tech 1 (Monochromatic & Freehand 0.0 6.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 Drawing) ARCH50 Theory of Architecture 1 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 ENGL11 Study & Thinking Skills 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 PD10 Essence of Personality 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 MATH 17 Algebra & Trigonometry 6.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 6.0 NSTP10 ROTC/CWTS/LTS 1 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 18.0 15.0 5.0 18.0 23.0 1ST YEAR -2ND SEMESTER ARCH11 Architectural Design 2 (Creative Design & 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 ARCH10 Fundamentals) ARCH21 Graphics 2 (Perspective Shades & Shadows) 1.0 6.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 ARCH20 ARCH31 Visual Tech 2 (Color Rendering & Still Life) 0.0 6.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 ARCH30 ARCH40 History of Architecture 1 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 ARCH51 Theory of Architecture 2 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 ARCH50 ENGL20 Writing Across Disciplines 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 ENGL11 PD20 Social Graces & Social Relations 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 PD10 MATH32b Differential Calculus w/ Analytic Geometry 5.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 MATH 17 NSTP20 ROTC/CWTS/LTS 2 3.0 0.0...

Words: 1472 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Architecture

... B.ARCH/F/001 Social responsibilities of an architect Architecture is a subject that is completely dealing with the built environment and the buildings and designs being created with the exceptional cases of interior designs, most of the designs have a vivid interaction with the environment and the society as a whole. Hence this essay signifies the social responsibilities of architects towards the shaping a more suitable environment to live in. Architecture constantly deals with the term ‘spirit of the place’ that means alterations to the natural environment should be of a minimalistic level and it should complement very well the environment. And the buildings that is designed should be economically sustainable as it should contribute least to any form of environmental pollution of any sort. When considering the social impacts of buildings the designs should be user friendly and proper building services such as the correct pipework should be installed so that the people residing in it wholly benefited and discharge process of waste has been safely done. This way the impact on society could be done properly. Architects are the people dealing with the clients’ money and it is necessary for the architect to satisfy client requirement up to a certain extent. In the modern day green sustainable architecture is the way through and society should be made aware of its benefits and advantages, hence events such as public...

Words: 565 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Architects Architecture or Users Architecture

...ARCHITECTS ARCHITECTURE OR USERS ARCHITECTURE The construction industry is based around projects. Each project is every time different and unique on its own design, management and construction. Nevertheless a project is not only made out of concrete, wood or any of the materials used on it, a project is a lot more and a lot deeper than that. It is not a quick sketch on a napkin. A project is influenced by its atmosphere which is the location, the client or the user, and even the contractor hired for the project. Architecture is influenced by anything happening around it, which is why it changes every time its atmosphere changes. Böhme states that  to experience space in its complete entirety. By inhabiting space individuals can sense the character that surrounds them. Inhabitants sense its atmosphere. Photography, written articles and the interpretation of other viewers of a space cannot compare to individual experience and interaction in interior spaces. Recently this way of interaction has become an important discussion between architects and designers. The process of a project is not anymore unique, and it becomes something functional. It is thought that a template can be followed even when the client or the factors involving the project change every time. For example many architects choose the same sub-contractors for each project as they believe they are trustful and successful, even when the clients have their specific needs and vary...

Words: 2664 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Architecture in Texas

...Timeline of Architecture in Texas BY: SM Early settlers brought to Texas their cultural values and traditions. These values and historical civilization features were reflected through the settlers’ survived architectural achievements. Texas architecture compromises diverse structures and legacy from the Spanish colonies to the European expenditures to the Anglo pioneers’ log cabins. The architecture of Texas through the centuries has indeed outlined the cultural history and gave the state a unique Texan identity. Texas architecture can be organized into six periods: Indian, Spanish colonial-Mexican, Republic-antebellum, Victorian, and Early twentieth century Modern [1]. The earliest Indian-Native American, nomadic or Indigenous people were divided to several tribes. The Coahuiltecan and Karankawan lived in the coast of south Texas and the Trans-Nueces, were not organized did not have permanent habitations. Jumanos and Patarabueyes lived in Trans Peco, built homes from mud and sticks. The Apaches and the Comanches, relied on hunting for survival. So their culture was based on moving very often to various places in Texas. They used tepees for shelters, easy to assemble or disassemble for transportation. The caddos lived In Northeast Texas, an agricultural people. They assembled round, thatched shelters, and mounds. Some of their shelters were about 50 feet in diameter. The Pueblo tribe used animal skin or fur and adobe to build their abodes. They made the adobes...

Words: 1836 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Architecture and the Environment

...Architecture and the Environment Christina Parker PSY 460 June 04, 2012 Brenda Gallagher Architecture and the Environment The environment and its inhabitants do not exist separately. They both help to mold one another. There are different environments that require a different behavior. To understand the interactions of the physical world and the behavior, individuals must consider the kinship of physical inhabitants and the environment itself (Todd & Wilson, 1993). The information in this paper will provide an understanding of the following: how the environment affects human behavior, architecture as a means of controlling behavior, the environmental psychological implications of the grand design, and the importance of architecture supporting development. Structures and Human Behavior The increasing research and interest in environmental conditions and how it relates to behavior is finally receiving acknowledgement. Structural design influences an individual’s health and well-being. A person’s mood and productivity stems from the kind of architecture one is sees. In a business sense, the goal is to create buildings that fit the need of the individual and serve the purpose of the business. Space limitations may influence an individual to work more intensely for the right to privacy. The use of windows and indoor green spaces provide a relaxing stress free zone from work (Irvine, Devine-Wright, Payne, Fuller, Painter, and Gaston, 2009). Inside...

Words: 1593 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Social Architecture

...Grant Lewis 1043 WRC Dr. Roberts November 23, 2011 Social Architecture The term architecture takes into consideration a number of things. These are space, mass, volume, light, texture, shadow, program and materials. The building that is the end product is a creative manipulation of all these elements. The term also includes the pragmatic elements like construction, technology and cost. And thus, the architect achieves something, which is functional, aesthetic, socially conscious and most of the times artistic too.   Taken to its deeper roots, even an ordinary structure does need someone to design and supervise the construction. So, it would have been difficult to think of any building, be it a home, office, school, church or anything else, without the help of an architect. Thus, the industry of architecture has been in existence since the time man thought of building a private hut (Bennett). And by the 21st century, it has flourished into a full-fledged business. An architect designs and sometimes supervises the construction of buildings. Anything from tunnels that run far beneath the ground, to skyscrapers that tower above it, architects have always had a hand in building these great structures (Front Cover). Architects have designed the greatest buildings in history, from the stoic World Trade Center in New York, to the graceful and natural Falling Waters house in Pennsylvania, building styles differ as much as the architects who build them. The Social Architect's...

Words: 2012 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Gothic Architecture

...Architecture is filled with history, beauty, purpose, and it allows society from all cultures to gain insight into the construction methods of another culture. From the Notre Dame Cathedral to the Pyramids to the Mayan Ruins; century after century new architecture emerges as a representation of that cultural time period and the people that inhibited it. These buildings serve as a visual track record of humanity and the evolution of its history from building to building. Architecture play a large role in the study of humanities, the process behind architecture is an in-depth process relying on detailing, planning, and execution. Architecture in itself is another form of artwork and it places an effect on humanity. Humanities shows us how others have lived, their morals and perceptions and how we can connect these...

Words: 574 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Balinese Architecture

...services for The Journal of Asian Studies: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Architecture of Bali: A Source Book of Traditional and Modern Forms. By Made (Michael White) Wijaya. Honolulu: University of Hawai Press, 2002. 224 pp. \$50.00(cloth). Mary-Louise Totton The Journal of Asian Studies / Volume 63 / Issue 02 / May 2004, pp 566 - 568 DOI: 10.1017/S0021911804001615, Published online: 26 February 2007 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0021911804001615 How to cite this article: Mary-Louise Totton (2004). Review of Made (Michael White) Wijaya 'Architecture of Bali: A Source Book of Traditional and Modern Forms' The Journal of Asian Studies, 63, pp 566-568 doi:10.1017/S0021911804001615 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/JAS, IP address: 192.43.227.18 on 22 Mar 2014 566 THE JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES undoubtedly agree that the great strength of his scholarship lies in his vision. At his best, although he may not footnote every thought, each paragraph contains the seeds of a PhD dissertation. So, graduate students and Wang Gungwu fans take note: at times in this volume, he is indeed at his very best! L IAM C. K ELLEY University of Hawai‘i at Manoa Architecture of Bali: A Source Book of Traditional and Modern Forms. By M ADE W IJAYA (M ICHAEL W HITE ). Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2002. 224 pp. $50.00 (cloth)...

Words: 1540 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Architecture and the Environment

...Architecture and the Environment Monica Diaz PSY/460 Carlos Guzman September 17, 2012 Architecture and the Environment Human beings respond to their environment in different ways. What is seen and perceived affects the behavior that is exuded. This is true for architectural design and physical structure. In fact, architectural design can control human behavior. Architects build structures and place them strategically in order to respond to human needs. For example, a playground or supermarket’s design is a direct layout of what the architect wants the individual to experience. Commercial and residential design plays a major role in a person’s life; therefore these structures are built with considerations of the general public. For example, an office building that has handicapped access and parking lot with handicapped spaces, are placed to provide convenience to those in need of it. With building and design it is also important to create sustainable development. Sustainable development now will promote better days for the future. It’s never too late to think ahead. Physical structure on human behavior "For architects and their buildings to be taken seriously, buildings must be imbued with the power to make a difference to their inhabitants" (Kraftl & Adey, 2008). The job of an architect is one of grave importance. Their creations create change. Buildings, homes, parks all create a mental effect on a person...

Words: 1205 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

It Solutions Architecture

...Due to the rapid change in current technology, it is essential for implementations of information systems to use architecture to incorporate all of the components of the system for a business. There is a set of architectural representations that are produced during the process of a building. The bubble charts enable the basic concepts for building based on the prospective owner’s needs and wants. This can be represented in a form as a bubble charts where “bubbles” on the graph can represent the size and shape of a room. The reason behind architects creating these charts is so that the architect and owner can have mutual understanding so their respective desires and wants can be met to convince owners to pay for the architects work. Architect drawings represent the final building as seen by the owner is then drawn up to enable the owner to relate to them and to agree or disagree. Drawings are detailed but concise for owners to understand. This in turn allows owners flexibility to allow for any modifications to the drawings until their wants are satisfied. The Architect’s plans are a designer’s representation of the final product and ultimately become the official “record” of the finished structure. These are prepared to serve as a basis for negotiation with a general contractor. Plans may be modified because of cost/price but they finally serve to represent what is committed to construction. Contractor’s plans represent the final building as seen by the builder is then produced...

Words: 517 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Theory-Architecture

...Theory of Architecture 2: Manuals Architectural Design Process and Methodologies The question of the actual design process and methodology of design is more confusing when dealing with architectural design because architectural design more often involves in a team work. Before, most architects are considered more of an artist; they can design but was not able to explain or defends the need to add a significant amount of funds for the particular design. In today’s architectural trends, there are set of rules and guidelines to be followed that could affect or help in making a design. The process should involve the following step. [TSSF Inc.] 1. Assemble the team – As stated above the architectural design involves a team of people. At the outset of the project there should be a scheduling or at least a tentative assembly of efficient architects and consultant who identify the project’s scope and purpose. There should be a project’s team leader who holds the overall responsibility and identifying the right person/s in their fields. 2. Clear Communication – As again stated before, the design part involves a team. The communication should be always available for any enquiry of the different involves, especially for the owner or their representative/s. The Project Architect coordinates regular meetings to design staff, specialists and the Owner’s representative. 3. Budget and Cost Control - Cost control is critical to the success of any project. This is true...

Words: 11638 - Pages: 47

Free Essay

Architecture in Library

...that hath not some strangeness in the proportion.” Such words are encouragement for architects to stray away from the structural norms and move forward while applying creativity to functional, yet elegant buildings. In Ten Books on Architecture, Vitruvius emphasizes on the practice of architecture, which established three predominant pillars for the validity of a building: soundness, utility, and attractiveness. Soundness, is the durability, stability, and security of a laid out foundation, that promises a lasting structure. Utility, is the capability of being serviceable, helpful and beneficial for those in the facility. Attractiveness, is the innovative appearance that pleasures the eyes and mind. Such beauty that creates a pleasing attainment of design upon arrival. These elements must accommodate one another to develop a successful relationship between public external space and personal interior space. On the street of Roosevelt way, lies a local University Branch library, with parking spaces along both sides, a bike rack on the right side near the entrance and a crosswalk at the traffic light to ensure a parking area for those who have come with different ways of transportation. This demonstrates Vitruvius’ utility element in architecture. The exterior spaces of the library is cleverly laid out with two sets of large stairs leading up to the main entrance in the center. This forms an isolation between the busy streets and library. By erecting the building further away...

Words: 668 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Architecture & Society

...Society & Architectural Design Architecture is defined as the complex or carefully designed structure of an object. In this case architecture can apply to a variety of different examples that are not just buildings, or objects, but as a reflection upon the thoughts and ideas of the time period in history. In this essay I will be discussing the dramatic impact that architecture has had on the major civilizations throughout time by being able to display them in their works, which not only was a clear representation of the time but as well helped mold and solidify the society’s thoughts through expression. By taking examples from ancient to modern times I will examine how the architecture of these eras clearly displays the thoughts and ideas of the culture in which it was built upon and as well the society in which it is placed. As well I will be examining how several major key architects played a dynamic role in these critical showcases that represented their time. I will be taking architectural examples from; the ancient Egyptian time period, the gothic and medieval time period, the renaissance & pre-modern period and the now contemporary period. Each one of these unique periods of time in architectural design were clear representation of the dynamic time period in our history. Here, looking back at these time periods we can see the most incredible works in architectural design that still to this day help us understand the culture at the time. As well I will be...

Words: 2807 - Pages: 12

Free Essay

Reciprocal Architecture

...RECIPROCAL ARCHITECTURE Reciprocal frames comprise a family of structural systems characterized by the interdependent relations of their constituent parts. The term “reciprocal frame” was coined by the English designer and builder Graham Brown in order to describe a structural paradigm that had, until that time, been without a name. Reciprocal frame building types have a long, though somewhat obscure history, having been developed seemingly in parallel by different cultures in response to the constraints of available materials, but for the most part abandoned following the introduction of modern structural typologies and increased availability of building materials through trade and the development of better transportation technologies. As our global resources are subjected to greater pressure, there has been renewed interest in architectural forms that are highly flexible to available materials. Reciprocal frame systems are efficient in their use of small pieces of material to span large volumes. This has beneficial implications for construction in that it makes available a material set that is otherwise unsuitable for architectural applications. Hardwoods and lower-quality softwoods that cannot be used in other framing schemes are ideally suited to RF morphology (Thonnisen & Werenfels 2011). This is perhaps one reason that we have seen a surge in the popularity of reciprocal frames as a research topic over the past two decades. Another probable factor is the development...

Words: 266 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Architecture as a Career

...Architecture is crucial to everyday life. Without it, we would have no warm houses to live in, no office to go to work in, no school to learn at, or no mall to shop at. We wouldn't have the nice computer or tv, because they would be ruined the second it starts to rain. All the major advances in technology are protected by architecture. It truly is a major part of life. Architecture is one of the vast subjects that is very hard to define. The technical definition is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. That could include the design of any built environment, structure or object, from town planning, urban design and landscape architecture to furniture and objects. It also is defined as the manipulation of shapes, forms, space and light to change our environment. One of the most famous definitions of architecture was stated by French architect Le Corbuiser. "Architecture is the masterly, correct, and magnificent play of forms under the light." (Vers une architecture, 1923) The number of definitions of architecture are countless, but in summary, architecture is the design of the shelters that make humans able to survive. A career in architecture requires much work and schooling, for a architect's decisions can affect the public's safety. For that reason, architects must earn a license before being able to practice. To earn this license, one must first achieve a university degree in architecture. Once this is accomplished, the degreed person will find a...

Words: 544 - Pages: 3