...Hammer v. Dagenhart Hammer v. Dagenhart, was a United States Supreme Court decision involving the power of Congress to enact child labor laws. It was argued in April of 1918, and confirmed in June of 1918. Activities of such groups as the National Child Labor Committee, muckraking journalists, and labor groups called attention to unhealthy and unsafe working conditions. A response to this public concern, many states wanted to impose local restrictions on child labor. However, this plan became ineffective. Unable to regulate hours and working conditions for child labor within individual states, Congress sought to regulate child labor by banning the labor from interstate commerce. The Keating-Owen Act of 1916 prohibited interstate commerce of any merchandise that had been made by children under the age of fourteen, or merchandise that had been made in factories where children between the ages of 14 and 16 worked for more than eight hours a day, worked overnight, or worked more than sixty hours a week. Roland Dagenhart of North Carolina worked at a textile mill with his two teenage sons. He believed the law was unconstitutional and sued, which caused United States Attorney W. C. Hammer to appeal to the Supreme Court. Roland made three constitutional arguments. He first argued that the law was not a regulation of commerce. Second, he believed the Tenth Amendment left the power to make rules for child labor to the states. Finally, his liberty and property protected by the...
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...compelling pathos create a remarkable speech that supports her argument against child labor with concise eloquence, influencing her audience to adopt her views on its despicable tendencies while also gathering strength for her argument. Kelley begins her speech by stating the fact that illegal child labor is rampant in the United States. She proposes her opinions on the issue by stating that the idea of any child working under the age of sixteen is abhorrent, and invokes pathos to strengthen this claim by creating a sense of melancholy that she will allude to throughout her entire speech. This emotional burden has a certain parallel to her audience: men and women fighting for the right of women’s suffrage....
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...Name: Professor: Class: Date of submission: Child Soldiers: How the United States has an obligation to help them. In many parts of the world throughout history young children have been involved in armed conflicts. The destiny of the children who are recruited into armed conflict is tragically changed when they are forced to participate in the conflicts. Worldwide the number of child of ages ranging from 6-19 working as child soldiers is estimated to be over 250,000 (“Child soldiers”). These children are deprive of their chance to live a normal life like other young children in other parts of the world but instead are exposed both physical and psychological abuse which affect them for the rest of their lives. The problem of children getting involved in armed conflict as soldiers has grown in different third world countries and needs to be stopped. In this analysis paper the argument that the United States has an obligation to send our military to help the child soldiers around the world will be discussed. There are many different reasons given to support the argument that the United States has an obligation to help in improving the problem of child solders throughout the world. The first reason why the United States is obligated to help child soldiers is that in most cases the child soldiers are recruited by force to join the armed groups. The United States has been one of the leading countries in fighting human trafficking for both labour and sexual exploitation...
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...Name: Professor: Class: Date of submission: Child Soldiers: How the United States has an obligation to help them. In many parts of the world throughout history young children have been involved in armed conflicts. The destiny of the children who are recruited into armed conflict is tragically changed when they are forced to participate in the conflicts. Worldwide the number of child of ages ranging from 6-19 working as child soldiers is estimated to be over 250,000 (“Child soldiers”). These children are deprive of their chance to live a normal life like other young children in other parts of the world but instead are exposed both physical and psychological abuse which affect them for the rest of their lives. The problem of children getting involved in armed conflict as soldiers has grown in different third world countries and needs to be stopped. In this analysis paper the argument that the United States has an obligation to send our military to help the child soldiers around the world will be discussed. There are many different reasons given to support the argument that the United States has an obligation to help in improving the problem of child solders throughout the world. The first reason why the United States is obligated to help child soldiers is that in most cases the child soldiers are recruited by force to join the armed groups. The United States has been one of the leading countries in fighting human trafficking for both labour and sexual exploitation...
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...organization are child labor laws, wages, and outsourcing. An example is a Nike sweatshop labor case that stirred up a big controversy over ethical business practices. Because of this issue the organization has to deal with the negative perception, and the organization needed to solve this ethical issue to remain profitable and ethical in the eyes of the consumers and stakeholders. The Nike Corporation is one of those global organizations which brought their business to other countries to provide economic opportunity to the host country, and in turn obtain more profits due to cheap labor cost. The organization outsourced its manufacturing plants to several countries in order to lessen costs and become more efficient in productivity. The outrage and protests that followed were far from what Nike expected; the company was labeled as forcing “children to slave away in hazardous conditions for below-subsistence wages” (Hill, 2009). Because of this issue, a wide protest of globalization and human rights activists accused the Nike organization for taking advantage of the workers overseas and exposing their workers in unsafe working environment. Although Nike was making billions of dollars in profit, however, it has failed to provide a safe working environment for all workers. Upon recognition of this issue the Nike organization has to create and provide its worker a safer work environment, and be accountable to certain ethical and moral standards, fair labor practice for each...
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...United States social worker and reformer, Florence Kelley, in her speech before the convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, argues for child labor laws and improved conditions for working women. Kelley’s purpose is to inform readers about the unjust ways of child labor and women’s working conditions. Florence Kelley uses multiple rhetorical techniques, along with an urgent tone, in order to emphasize the importance of change that is necessary in the labor laws of children in her readers. At the beginning of her speech, Kelley appeals to the emotions of her readers in order to instill a sense of guilt in each of them. She addresses the fact that “while we sleep, little white girls will be working...eleven hours at night” because there are no child labor laws. Knowing that children as young as thirteen years old are working all night, creates guilt in her readers, especially parents. Later, in paragraph eight, Kelley considers that women would be more likely to argue for child labor laws because they are generally more caring and compassionate. She also appeals to the readers’ emotions by disclosing that because New Jersey repealed a law concerning the...
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...Introduction Taking Sides Clashing Views in Management written by Marc and Vera Street diverse into some deep, debatable topics. Upon reading each issue, it is clear that there is no right or wrong answer. Several times I found myself torn on both sides; this is – I was both for and against certain issues. I have always tried to make decisions as informed as possible but realized that judgments are still personal and what we believe in. Issues Issue 1: I do believe that corporations have a responsibility to society as a whole, not only to maximize their own profits and benefit the economy but also to respect the community that they reside in. They achieve this by not only providing employment, but also upholding an image. It is up to the corporation to determine whether or not the image will be a positive or negative in society; they need aim for a positive image in order to stay in business. Society has rejected some businesses because of their previous practices, from unsafe working conditions and wages to unsafe products and producers presented by management, and also unethical pollution of land and water. Corruption, misleading advertising, and managements that were solely profit driven were once tolerated, therefore rejecting the society’s needs. Due to such practices we now have laws and agencies that prohibit these actions. By evolving practices over the past one hundred years corporations have learned that the welfare of their employees and society is important....
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...Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918)–child labor It’s the year 1900 in the United States, and most children in working class families are forced to work for long days in facilities such as mills and factories in order to provide for the household. This was a very large issue, especially with the typical unsafe and unclean environment, but there was little federal regulation to protect children at the time. The main concern of the public was the effects of this type of long, potentially harmful strain on the body of a child, but many families depended on this income to support themselves. Because of this, several states created laws that banned or limited any form of child labor; however, it would not be until 1916 when the Federal Government decided to intervene to protect its citizens. The...
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...United States social worker and reformer, Florence Kelley in her speech, dealing with child labor, given the the National American Suffrage Association (1905), she calls for a need to improving inhumane working conditions placed upon Young children. Kelley develops her argument first by appealing to the audience’s emotions by repeatedly giving descriptions of children in harsh working conditions. In order to gain support in her mission to free more than a million children from working conditions that essentially parallel slavery. In the first paragraph Kelley says, “two million children under the age of sixteen” earn their own living. Some as young as six years old, working in the “cotton mills of Georgia” and in the “coal-breakers of Pennsylvania”....
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...Many people in the United States have witnessed and experienced minimum wage jobs earning $7.25 an hour. People have been activists of raising the federal minimum wage for a long time. This federal minimum wage standard has been used since July 24, 2009 and has not been changed since then but the question is whether or not we should raise the federal minimum wage again to help families in need. The thought of raising the minimum wage standard recently has been a popular topic. In this article, Senator Tom Harkin, Representative George Miller and U.S secretary of labor Tom Perez propose the idea of raising the federal minimum wage and what pros can come from raising the wage. They talk about how much of an impact it would have on our economy. They also take into...
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...studies, the term “welfare state” must be defined in order to provide a baseline understanding of the institution being discussed. In the context of this paper, welfare state can be defined as “a concept of government in which the state plays a key role in protecting and promoting the economic and social well being of its citizens.” Under the welfare state model, equal opportunity, equal distribution of wealth and mutual responsibility are firmly sought after goals that are reinforced by social insurance programs and universal provision of education, healthcare and housing. The degree to which such benefits are provided varies between...
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...Florence Kelley, a U.S. social worker, gives a speech before the convention of The National American Woman Suffrage Association in Philadelphia addressing child labor and how it could be outlawed if woman suffrage was passed as legislature. Kelley was an advocate for women gaining the right to vote and for children being forbidden to work in harsh conditions. She uses logical appeal and guilt people to show how child labor is a practice that can be prohibited were women to have the right to vote. The author evokes an emotion of guilt upon her audience by stating how children are working in conditions that are harsh and unsafe. Florence Kelley refers to the children and their predicament by describing, “ Tonight while we sleep several thousand...
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...Illegal Immigration in the United States Illegal immigration has been the subject of debate and of controversial views for a substantial amount of time. The aggravations toward undocumented aliens mainly reside on the financial burden and dangers they represent for the rest of the population. Illegal immigrants are generally defined as unauthorized residents that are foreign-born non-citizens and who are not legal residents. There are two ways an unlawful status can occur, the most common one happening when individuals are entering the United States without the appropriate paperwork, mandatory inspections, and background searches. In the second occurrence, individuals were first legally admitted for a certain period of time predetermined by authorities and this either as students, visitors, or temporary workers. Once the time frame expired, they omitted to leave the country as they were mandated by law, thus becoming illegal residents. According to The Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) latest report, it is estimated that over ten million illegal immigrants were currently residing in America as of January 2010, from which about 60% originally lived in the country of Mexico. Furthermore, the official statistics revealed that the overall population of illegal immigrants in the United States has enlarged by almost 30% in the past decade alone; this means that more than two million unauthorized aliens came to this country since the year 2000 (1). From such alarming numbers...
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...painful. Many women have found these methods to be a wonderful way to give birth. Spinal epidurals are used for pain relief, while cesarean sections to get the baby out quick and (generally) painless barring any complications. These have saved many women tremendous amounts of pain, and have saved the lives of many babies and mothers due to complications in natural birth. It should be no wonder, though, that there are those on each side of the argument, whether to give birth naturally or with medical intervention, making an argument as to why their method is the best. Both methods do have their particular advantages and disadvantages. The question remains, who is right? Is anyone right? Can there be a middle ground? There are several questions that arise when asking the question, which is why I will be breaking down both sides of the argument. I will present research on both ends of the subject going over certain advantages and disadvantages that come along with each. These advantages and disadvantages can be felt by both the mother and the child (father too), so we must find a way to draw a line in the sand, if there is one to be found. This tends to be a very sensitive and overly emotional topic, so...
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...day. As a child, I was surrounded by a progressive and highly political family. However, by the age of twelve, my five sisters had died at young ages. Due to the fact that I had become the only female child within my family, I felt that I had a duty to make a difference for my family. I did most of my early schooling in my home, which led to my deep love of reading. I believe that the most important problem in our nation right...
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