...Bullying: An Argumentative Essay Bullying has engrained in American society since the country’s founding. Bred from a capitalistic economy and competitive social hierarchy, bullying has remained a relevant issue through the years. It is the most common type of violence in contemporary US society. Bullying occurs in schools, workplaces, in homes, on playgrounds, in the military, and in nursing homes, for example. Today bullying and cyber-bullying have become an increasing problem in the schools. Cyberbullying is a form of aggressive behavior that occurs through electronic devices such as mobile/cell phones (calls and SMS/text messages), e-mail and the internet (blogs, chatrooms, newsgroups, social networks and web-pages). Like other forms of bullying, cyberbullying is usually defined in terms of intentional and repeated interactions on the part of the perpetrator who is perceived to be more powerful than the victim: the perpetrator’s ability to act anonymously is indicative of a form of power he or she holds over the victim As in the case of traditional bullying, cyberbullying often occurs as a result of such relationship difficulties as the break-up of a friendship or romance, envy of a peer’s success, intolerance of particular groups on the grounds of gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation or disability, and ganging up on one individual (Duncan, Neil, Rivers, Ian, 2012). Bullying has taken on new heights and sometimes victims of bullies suffer severe and lasting consequences...
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...Chapter 1 SIGMUND FREUD AN INTRODUCTION Sigmund Freud, pioneer of Psychoanalysis, was born on 6th May 1856 in Freiberg to a middle class family. He was born as the eldest child to his father’s second wife. When Freud was four years old, his family shifted and settled in Vienna. Although Freud’s ambition from childhood was a career in law, he decided to enter the field of medicine. In 1873, at the age of seventeen, Freud enrolled in the university as a medical student. During his days in the university, he did his research on the Central Nervous System under the guidance of German physician `Ernst Wilhelm Von Brucke’. Freud received his medical degree in 1881and later in 1883 he began to work in Vienna General Hospital. Freud spent three years working in various departments of the hospital and in 1885 he left his post at the hospital to join the University of Vienna as a lecturer in Neuropathology. Following his appointment as a lecturer, he got the opportunity to work under French neurologist Jean Charcot at Salpetriere, the famous Paris hospital for nervous diseases. So far Freud’s work had been entirely concentrated on physical sciences but Charcot’s work, at that time, concentrated more on hysteria and hypnotism. Freud’s studies under Charcot, which centered largely on hysteria, influenced him greatly in channelising his interests to psychopathology. In 1886, Freud established his private practice in Vienna specializing in nervous diseases...
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