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Asae Paper

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Com o passar dos anos, verificamos que o Estado tem vindo a ter diferentes papéis no processo produtivo, isto derivado á criação da Constituição Económica, cujo objectivo visa garantir o livre e bom funcionamento do mercado, bem como indicar formas de regulamentação para manter o seu bom funcionamento e a sua estabilidade

Através da evolução social que se verifica nas sociedades, observamos a substituição do Estado produtor (de bens e serviços), por um Estado Regulador, ou seja o estado deixa de ter uma posição em que ele próprio assegura a produção de bens e serviços, para adoptar uma posição regulamentadora do sector económico através da imposição de medidas que visam o respeito pelas regras da concorrência, e garantir a qualidade dos bens e serviços produzidos por terceiros. Esta regulamentação do sector económico é conseguida pelo Estado através do recurso as agências reguladoras, que são entidades administrativas independentes, e com autonomia administrativa e financeira.

Estas agências têm como objectivos:

I. Regulação/defesa da concorrência legal (tenta deste modo impedir ou reprimir formas de concorrência desleal, como os crimes de monopólio, alterações fraudulentas de preços, cartelização, concertação de preços, acções que impeçam a entrada de novas empresas no mercado, e a prática de conluio de modo a prejudicar empresas rivais.)

II. Regulação de preços (evita que os bens ou serviços atinjam preços demasiado elevados, evitar aumentos desnecessários e controlar os mesmos.)

III. Regulação do sistema monetário e financeiro (atribuição de um valor constante e legal á moeda moderna “papel moeda” de forma que esta não perca a referência com outros bens (ex. ouro).)

IV. Regulação do ambiente (através da regulamentação da produção e tratamento de resíduos, regulação da actividades económicas de modo a controlar a poluição e os riscos para a saúde humana e os ecossistemas.)

V. Regulação da qualidade (tenta deste modo prevenir os defeitos dos bens ou serviços, bem como o apuramento das responsabilidades pelas consequências dos produtos alterados ou defeituosos, procurando a defesa do consumidor).

VI. Regulação da informação (pretende regulamentar a informação circulante, banir informação enganosa, e garantir a qualidade e veracidade da informação existente e disposta ao consumidor).

O que é a ASAE?

A ASAE é uma autoridade administrativa independente, com autonomia administrativa e financeira, detendo poderes de autoridade e sendo ainda um órgão de polícia criminal, esta é especializada no âmbito da segurança alimentar e da fiscalização económica, tendo uma actuação a nível de todo o território nacional, é também a autoridade nacional de coordenação do controlo dos géneros alimentares e organismo nacional de ligação com os outros Estados Membros, sendo simultaneamente a entidade responsável pela avaliação e comunicação dos riscos da cadeia alimentar, bem como pela disciplina do exercício das actividades económicas nos sectores alimentar e não alimentar; é assim uma instituição multifacetada, mas especializada sobretudo na protecção do consumidor através da realização de fiscalizações aos diversos agentes económicos, bem como às actividades económicas existentes, de modo a proteger o consumidor a ASAE aplica sanções/coimas, instaura autos/processos, apreende produtos, procede a identificação dos proprietários e nos casos mais graves, resulta o fecho dos estabelecimentos em causa.

Criação da ASAE:

O Governo através da publicação, em Dezembro de 2005, do Decreto-Lei nº 237/2005, dá surgimento a uma nova autoridade, a Autoridade de Segurança Alimentar e Económica (ASAE), com vista à consolidação do relançamento da política de defesa e protecção dos consumidores (objectivo máximo da ASAE), esta surge na consequência da extinção de diversos organismos da área de segurança alimentar tais como: a Direcção - Geral do Controlo e Fiscalização da Qualidade Alimentar, a Agência Portuguesa de Segurança Alimentar, a Inspecção -Geral das Actividades Económicas, a Direcção -Geral de Veterinária, do Instituto do Vinho e da Vinha, da Direcção -Geral de Protecção de Culturas e da Direcção -Geral das Pescas, passando todas as competências destas instituições a estarem congregadas numa única, mais completa e mais abrangente instituição.

Organização da ASAE:

A ASAE têm o seu poder sediado em Lisboa, mas a sua acção é realizada por todo o território nacional, ela encontra subdividida em Direcção Regional do Norte (sedeada no Porto); Direcção Regional do Centro (sedeada em Coimbra); Direcção Regional de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo (sedeada em Lisboa); Direcção Regional do Alentejo (sedeada em Évora); Direcção Regional do Algarve (sedeada em Faro). Esta organização é dirigida por um Inspector-Geral actualmente António Nunes, sob o qual estão dependentes os Subinspector-Geral Director Científico para os Riscos na Cadeia Alimentar; Subinspector-Geral para a Logística e Administração; Subinspector-Geral para a Área Técnica, e a Direcção de Serviços de Planeamento e Controlo Orçamental.

Áreas/métodos de intervenção:

I. Saúde Pública e Segurança Alimentar

No interior desta área a ASAE, procura acima de tudo garantir a qualidade dos bens alimentares disponibilizados ao consumidor e o cumprimento da legislação e normas existentes sobre esta área, estas preocupações são acompanhadas de várias campanhas de fiscalização sobretudo nas áreas da restauração, armazenamento/transporte de produtos alimentares, e produção dos mesmos, estas fiscalizações podem ter como consequência de incumprimento, contra-ordenações, autos, coimas e nos casos mais graves o encerramento do estabelecimento. São inúmeras as contra-ordenações e coimas aplicadas aos diversos proprietários de armazéns/lojas, restaurantes e produtores, e são motivadas, quer pelo mau acondicionamento dos produtos, condições de transporte inadequadas, prazos de validade expirados, constituição dos produtos por componentes proibidos (caso do leite chinês, este era fabricado com o recurso á melanina, uma substancia nociva e proibida), ou pela falta de condições de higiene no processo produtivo do produto. No quadro abaixo estão alguns dos produtos desta área sobre os quais a ASAE exerce a sua inspecção:

II. Propriedade Industrial e Práticas Comerciais

Por propriedade industrial e de acordo com a definição aprovada na Convenção de Paris em 1883, podemos entender como sendo o conjunto de direitos que incluam, patentes de invenção, modelos de utilidade, desenhos ou modelos industriais, as marcas de fábrica, de comércio, o nome comercial e as indicações de proveniência ou denominações de origem. Nesta área a acção da ASAE, prende-se essencialmente com o combate a contrafacção, preservação dos direitos de autor, e a fiscalização das operações económicas; através desta área, a ASAE pretende fiscalizar as diversas práticas dos agentes económicos, bem como a verdadeira origem e autenticidade dos produtos para venda, no seguimento deste ultimo ponto surge o certificado de autenticidade de forma a garantir a real origem do produto (ex. queijo amanteigado da serra, vinho do porto, carne mirandesa, tapetes de Arraiolos), neste campo observa-se uma acção mais terrena e mais activa com frequentes intervenções e fiscalizações a feiras e romaria, acções essas mais divulgadas pelos meios de comunicação, destas fiscalizações resultam sobretudo apreensões relacionas com a contrafacção, (ex. roupas, calçado, cd’s, dvd’s) e a instauração de autos pela usurpação de direitos de autor; outras das acções de fiscalização são o cumprimento da legislação respeitante á prática comercial de prestação de serviços e cumprimento das regulamentações da livre concorrência. No quadro abaixo estão presentes alguns das áreas de intervenção da ASAE:

III. Ambiente e Segurança:

Dentro desta área a ASAE, procura assegurar a preservação ambiental e a segurança do consumidor, através da supervisão e fiscalização dos agentes económicos (sendo possível sanciona-los com coimas ou autos dependendo da natureza da contra-ordenação), sendo estes os dois principais objectivos desta área, dentro do primeiro objectivo podemos observar a fiscalização nos campos da produção de resíduos orgânicos ou industriais, o controlo e verificação do cumprimento das normas relativas à emissão de gases poluentes, bem como a correcta gestão e encaminhamento dos resíduos produzidos (ex. no caso da industria agro pecuária registam-se inúmeras contra-ordenações, geradas pelo mau encaminhamento e tratamento dado que muitos dos seus resíduos acabam por ser lançados em rios/ribeiras sem o mínimo tratamento), a nível de segurança são levadas a cabo constantes vistorias aos locais de trabalho, recintos desportivos, escolas e afins de modo a poder ser garantida a segurança e todo e qualquer utente ou seja do consumidor, é de salientar que em caso de não encontradas as condições de segurança e higiene necessárias e correspondentes ao referido por lei serão levantados autos e aplicadas coimas as entidades/proprietários referentes podendo mesmo ser levado a cabo o embargo do local/instalação em causa. Estando assim em baixo referidos alguns dos campos dentro desta área onde a ASAE opera:

Objectivos da ASAE:

➢ Prevenção dos defeitos e riscos, dos bens ou serviços (ou seja, evitar através de fiscalizações a venda e a colocação ao dispor do consumidor de produtos ilícitos, defeituosos, nocivos e que de alguma forma possam prejudicar o consumidor, bem como actuações a nível dos agentes económicos a fim de evitar a própria produção destes produtos defeituosos, e a sua respectiva saída para o mercado.)

➢ A responsabilidade pela reparação dos danos causados por produtos ou serviços defeituosos ou perigosos (uma vez que as acções de prevenção dos defeitos e riscos, dos bens ou serviços acima referidas, não são conseguidas na totalidade, é necessário apurar as responsabilidades e atribui-las ás entidades responsáveis, sempre que se coloque em causa o bem estar e a integridade do consumidor, por modo a dissuadir futuras tentativas de prejudicar o consumidor).

➢ Reduzir os níveis de incumprimento dos operadores económicos nas áreas da competência da ASAE (no seguimento dos objectivos anteriores, este é como o culminar de ambos, a ASAE têm como objectivo reduzir os níveis de incumprimento dos agentes económicos ao mínimo possível.)

➢ Fiscalizar mais de 35.295 operadores económicos, em todas as freguesias do país, à razão de, pelo menos, um operador por freguesia (fiscalizar todo o território nacional, por forma a diminuir o sentimento de impunidade).

➢ Acompanhar a evolução de fenómenos como contrafacção, pirataria informática, usurpação dos direitos de autor, branqueamento de capitais, bioterrorismo e o jogo ilegal (acompanhar as formas de economia paralela, tentando travar a sua expansão e enraizamento nos mercados nacionais, combater a pirataria informática de forma a preservar e assegurar e preservar os direitos de autor).

Conclusão:

Concluímos assim que as agências reguladoras surgem na transição do Estado produtor para o Estado regulador, deixando este de ter um papel de fornecedor dos mercados internos, para desempenhar um papel de regulamentador e fiscalizador dos mercados.

A ASAE é assim como constatamos uma entidade administrativa independente, com uma autonomia administrativa e financeira, detendo poderes de autoridade e sendo ainda um órgão de polícia criminal, detendo uma esfera de intervenção ao longo de todo o território nacional, e desempenhando um papel de regulamentador e fiscalizador nas áreas alimentar e económica; ela têm como principal objectivo com a sua criação assegurar e preservar a segurança do consumidor.

Muitos criticam na por excesso de zelo, outros congratulam-se pelas revoluções que veio trazer aos sectores, bem como pela maior higiene e segurança conseguida, mas para a outra parte, ela é caracterizada por uma desproporcionalidade, a aplicação cega da lei, o que poderá ser considerado um excelente principio pela inflexibilidade e excelente cumprimento das directivas por ela propostos, é também visto como uma procura obsessiva pela demonstração de resultados; outra grande crítica é oriunda dos produtores de produtos regionais (ex. enchidos), que devido às normas de higiene pela ASAE impostas e requeridas, estas vão chocar com as tradições relativas aos modos de produção, e o consequente término destas actividades tipicamente regionais, outro dos grandes problemas resultantes da sua actividade passa pelas grandes exigências por ela apresentadas aos pequenos comerciantes/produtores, estas sendo muito elevadas para o volume de negócios detidos pelos comerciantes, faz com que seja muito dispendioso o investimento para o cumprimento das normas pretendidas, e como em muitos casos o investimento não é compensatório os comerciantes acabam por abdicar da sua actividade, se por um lado era necessário a regulamentação do sector alimentar e económico em Portugal, por outro o curto tempo para adaptação as novas normas e o elevado grau de exigência por elas requerido, aliado a procura exacerbada pela demonstração de resultados conseguidos levou a uma inadaptação do mercado, e o consequente termino da actividade por alguns agentes económicos.

Concluímos então que é realmente indispensável uma verdadeira regulamentação deste sector mas sem nunca esquecer-mos, que esta tem de ser coerente e controlada, bem como a ajudar os agentes económicos, de forma a cumprirem com as normas, havendo assim um equilíbrio no mercado.

Faz o índice e arranja umas noticias

.

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propriedade_Industrial

http://dre.pt/pdfgratis/2005/12/250A00.PDF

http://www.asae.pt/

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...functions. 6. A separate column (earth column /my earth) on a wall magazine to present their successfully completed assignments. 7. Unused lands will be used for flowering and planting the sapling of tree. 8. Separate plants to each green club members will be given for one year of which, they need to take full care of their plants. 9. Field visit such as zoo, local community forest and nurseries tri-monthly with specific theme. 10. Help all school students to discourage the use of plastic bags & plastic containers. 11. Art, essay and quiz competition related with environment (E-Quiz). 12. Encouraging guardians to become environment friendly. 13. Supply of cloth bags. 14. Assisting in making paper bags & paper related showpieces. 15. Regular competition on specific...

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Reflection Instructions

...Reflection Paper Assignments Due Dates: March 20, April 3, May 1 Overview These reflection papers are the chance for you to review your recent journal entries (or the sum total, if that helps) and to synthesize some thread of thinking or learning that you find in there. You might build on a single entry or on something bridging multiple entries, but the point is to capture something that you are learning. We expect the paper to have some over-arching, coherent argument so that it is not simply a string of thoughts. A string of thoughts is fine for your journal entries, but here we do want some synthesis. You should not spend time summarizing your activities, unless that is essential for your argument. Grading Criteria The criteria we will use to evaluate the papers are listed below. Note that you do not have to address all of these criteria in one paper. We want you to address all of them over the course of the semester, but any single paper can focus on only one or two of these. Regardless of what you choose to write your reflection synthesis on, your paper must demonstrate clear, coherent argumentation. 1. Expression of Learning 2. Discussion and/or synthesis of course readings 3. Reflection on assumptions and cultural frames of reference 4. Connection to proposal process Word Count The reflection papers, except for the final one, should be at least 500 words, but not a lot longer than that. The final paper should be around...

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Connect the Dots

...should be or in what direction to look. -I’m going to use the skills I mastered for the rest of the questions because those are the only ones I can view. The three skills I mastered were; sentence skills, punctuation, mechanics, and spelling, and the third was the craft of writing. These skills apply to my academic life because I have to apply all these skills in writing papers for classes. In order to write a quality paper, everything must be near perfect. I believe these skills give me a good base to work on a paper. -These skills apply to my professional life in a lot of ways. Each quarter we are to write reports on what we feel we could improve on as a department, having quality writing skills so everything looks more professional and you are taken seriously. My future profession which is to be a high school teacher also requires these skills, if you expect your students to have good writing skills you should develop them yourself first. -I was very surprised by the results. I say this because all throughout high school, English and writing was my weak spot. I always had trouble putting my thoughts onto paper and use proper grammar. My spelling was also terrible but after graduating high school I picked up reading and I believe that helped me greatly increase my...

Words: 260 - Pages: 2