...Part a) is for 9 marks [could also be a 3 and 6 mark question] and part b) is for 15 marks. You should spend 30 minuets on this question. • Q.3 is a theories essay for 33 marks. THIS QUESTION IS SYNOPTIC! You should spend 45 minuets on this question. Below is a list of all the areas and studies you need to know for each section of the exam. Don’t worry if you don’t know all the studies, each college/school are likely to teach slightly different ones, just make sure you know about that amount for each section. Q.1 For the first two pure crime parts you need to know: Functionalist theories of crime and deviance Durkheim – Social control, social regulation including suicide Merton-Strain theory, blocked aspirations Cohen – Status frustration Cloward and Ohlin – Deviant subcultures New Right/Right Realism James Wilson – Strict law enforcement needed Wilson and Kelling – Broken windows, zero tolerance Murray – Cultural deprivation, single parents and ineffective, the underclass Erdos – Families without fathers Subcultural theories Cohen – Delinquent subcultures Cloward and Ohlin – Delinquency and opportunity, criminal, conflict and retreatist subcultures Willis – pupil subcultures (learning to labour) Patrick – Gang culture (Glasgow gangs) Humphreys – Gay subcultures and covert participant observation Miller – Focal concerns, lower working class male subculture Matza – Delnquency and drift, techniques...
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...CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS GCE Advanced Level MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2014 series 9699 SOCIOLOGY 9699/33 Paper 3 (Social Inequality and Opportunity), maximum raw mark 75 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2014 series for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components. Page 2 1 Mark Scheme GCE A LEVEL – May/June 2014 Syllabus 9699 Paper 33 (a) Explain how the achievement of pupils may be influenced by pupil sub-cultures. [9] 0–4 A few general observations about pupils’ educational achievement, with no direct links to the question, would be worth 1 or 2 marks. A basic account of what is meant by pupil sub-culture, with no further development in relation to the question, would be placed in the higher part of the band. 5–9 Lower in the band, answers are likely to provide a basic...
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...Education Teachers. This article provides a proposed constructivist pedagogy for the Vocational Technology studies. Though I do not consider myself to be a strict- constructivist teacher, when I compared my educational philosophy to this proposed pedagogy, I realized how much the study of constructivist theory and practice had influenced my beliefs and methods of instruction. As a future Technology Education educator, I applied these constructivist principles to my own teaching style and methods. A Constructivist Pedagogy for Career and Technology Education The National Association of State Directors of Career Technical Education Consortium states: “career studies should be taught in manners that are consistent with a constructivist view of learning” (NASDCTEC, 1999, p. 7). While this may sound good in theory, one underlying problem exists: the lack of a clearly defined, agreed-upon constructivist pedagogy. This article will (1) explore the definition and variations of constructivist theory, (2) present a pedagogy for constructivist teachers of career and technology studies, and (3) compare and relate those pedagogies to the existing standards for powerful career and technology studies as defined by the NASDCTEC. “Constructivism is a topic on the conference programs of virtually all prominent national educational organizations and has been widely described and analyzed in professional journals” (Brooks, 1999). Constructivist theory has been presented in a variety of...
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...of previously well documented organisational conditions has become somewhat less transparent. Particularly, the research documenting organisational culture and organisational climate seem to contradict earlier methods and findings regarding these concepts, thereby creating an apparent similarity between two previously distinct notions (Denison, 1996). This paper aims to assess the concepts of culture and climate while addressing the similarities and differences between the two. Secondly, it will be determined whether these two concepts are fundamentally different or inherently the same, and the implications of this determination will be discussed. Throughout the documentation of early cultural perspectives, the distinction between organisational climate and culture was seemingly quite distinct (Denison, 1996). This was confirmed by Schwartz and Davis (1981, p. 32) when they explained that, “whatever culture is, it is not climate.” A clear distinction was found in the methodology used to assess each domain. In order to study culture, researchers employed qualitative research methods, while maintaining the view that cultures were subjective and distinctive within each organisational setting (Denison, 1996). Comparatively, the dominant method of studying organisational climate was quantitatively based with the primary purpose of generalising findings to organisational settings of a similar nature. Thus, climate was viewed as an objective, generalizable notion (Appendix A) (Denison...
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...becoming criminals later, or on the threat of punishments to deter current criminals. Instead, it makes specific changes aimed at influencing the decision or ability of offenders to commit particular crimes in particular situations. Like rational choice theory, SCP sees criminals as acting rationally. By making certain crimes less rewarding, more risky or needing greater effort, SCP makes criminals less likely to choose to commit them. 02 Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the usefulness of conflict theories for an understanding of crime and deviance in contemporary society. (21 marks) Jan 2010 Read Item A below and answer the question that follows. 02 Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the view that ethnic differences in crime rates are the result of the ways in which the criminal justice system operates. (21 marks) June 2010 Read Item A below and answer the question that follows. 02 Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess sociological views of the relationship between crime and the mass media....
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...is that from Dr. Dave Chatterjee’s class I learned about the power of social media, tools & detailed analysis of its benefits and value propositions; The next day at Dr. B’s Global Marketing class we reviewed from the Marketing Positioning and Branding side the successful leverage of social media by analyzing the case “Old Spice’s Campaign”. In the end these topics tie to each other and I am fully immersed in the useful knowledge of Social Media from both IT and Marketing perspectives. What a great experience! Social Media Statistics I learned that Facebook remains to be the most common social media tool. (Stelzner, 2012) Average US Facebook social networker has 303 friends. Branded content marketing is being integrated into the Facebook experience hoping to motivate consumers to engage more with brands on Facebook and other social media platforms. 27% of US social networkers, over a quarter of US social networkers (roughly 71 million people), check a social media site multiple times a day. This behavior has steadily grown over the last few years.(Cohen, 2013) Twitter is utilized by 77% of the Fortune 500 Corporate in 2013 from 73% in 2012. (Chatterjee, 2014) In the Construction Industry, for 2013, 97% of construction professionals who use social media in their marketing programs, which has increased 7% from 2012. LinkedIn is the most popular social media platforms among construction professionals at 91 percent followed by Twitter (84 percent), Facebook...
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...that you should make it clear to the examiner that you know and understand the important concepts, e.g. anomie, relative deprivation.Make sure you make reference to the item – both essay questions will have their own item. You can often use the information in the item as a springboard into the essay in the introduction. However, you will be penalised for ‘overuse of the item’, so don’t just copy it out. You can use short quotes or statistics from the item though. | Question: | What to include: | Assess the view that ethnic differences in crime rates are the result of the ways in which the criminal justice system operates. | This question is essentially about the presence (or not) of institutional racism in the police, courts and penal system. You will need to compare the importance of this as opposed to explanations that argue that ethnic minorities do commit more crime - either as a result of relative deprivation (left realism) or poor upbringing, absent fathers, etc (new right). * Try to include some stats, reference to patterns of offending, stop and search, ethnic make-up of prisons. There may well be some in the item for this question. * Black people make up 2.8% of the general population, but 11% of the prison population. 7 times more likely to be stopped and searched than the white population. * Police racism – Phillips and Bowling – oppressive policing of ethnic minority communities – leads to these communities having less faith in the...
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...arrangement may have changed as families have changed, and many feminists use the term ‘dual burden’ to describe the woman’s role in the family today. Item 2B Government policies and laws include tax and benefit policies as well as legislation such as relating to divorce and marriage. Sociologists have different views on the impact of these policies and laws on families. For example, feminists argue that social policies assume that the ideal family is a patriarchal nuclear family, and that government policies and laws therefore favour this sort of family. On the other hand, the New Right argue that the benefit system undermines traditional nuclear families by actively encouraging lone parents. 0 6 Explain what is meant by the ‘dual burden’ (Item 2A). (2 marks) 0 7 Explain the difference between the expressive role and the instrumental role (Item 2A). (4 marks) 0 8 Suggest three ways in which the differences between children and adults are becoming less clear in society today. (6 marks) 0 9 Examine the reasons for, and the effects of, changes in family size over the past 100 years or so. (24 marks) 1 0 Using material from Item 2B and elsewhere, assess sociological views of the impact of government policies and laws on family life. Item 2A Over the past 40 years or so, there has been a decline in the number of first marriages in the United Kingdom. One of the reasons for this decline is the change in the role of women in society. In order to develop their careers, women may...
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...Assess the contribution of feminist sociologists to an understanding of family roles and relationships. In this essay I will explore the different schools of feminism such as Marxist, liberal and radical feminism, who share the view that women are oppressed in a patriarchal society but differ in opinion on who benefits from the inequalities. Each school of feminism has their own understanding of family roles and relationships which I will assess through this essay. Firstly one must look at the division of domestic labour and conjugal roles. Conjugal roles refer to the roles performed by men and women in relation to housework, childcare and paid work. Traditionally men had the instrumental ‘bread-winning’ role which the women had the expressive role (childcare and primary socialisation). Feminists say that the traditional division of labour is neither natural nor beneficial to women as their expressive role is unpaid and taken for granted. However different feminist views disagree on who benefits from this unpaid labour. Marxist feminists would argue it is capitalism that benefits most as wives keep their husbands happy and therefore they are left with a content workforce. On the other hand, radical feminists would argue that men are the main people to gain from women’s oppression as we live in a patriarchal society. A functionalist view from Wilmott and Young says that there has been a ‘march of progress’ in which the family has become more symmetrical with more joint conjugal...
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...Effective Teamwork A Best Practice Guide for the Construction Industry Innovation s Best Practice s Productivity Constructing Excellence is driving forward productivity improvements in the UK construction industry through a set of integrated programmes focused on delivering process, product and cultural changes. The key objectives of Constructing Excellence are to improve performance through increased productivity and competitiveness; to improve the industry’s image by changing its culture, developing its people and engaging better with communities and customers; and to engage and take action with individuals, businesses, organisations and industry associations. This guide demonstrates how teamwork can be an important tool in achieving Constructing Excellence objectives. Drawing from the management literature on teamwork, together with original research, the guide examines various aspects of setting up and managing teams, with practical examples from the construction industry and a useful team self-assessment tool. Effective Teamwork was prepared for Constructing Excellence by Eclipse Research Consultants. For details of how to contact the authors see the inside back cover of this guide. Illustrations were by Gerry Armstrong (gerry.armstrong@virgin.net). For more information about Constructing Excellence, please see: www.constructingexcellence.org.uk Or call our helpdesk on 0845 605 5556. 2 Effective Teamwork Contents Introduction ...
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... | |Reading: |-Reading: Looking Closely At Nature |Reading: | |The students will understand the sound |-Math: Data Analysis/Graphing |Pearsonsuccess.net | |and shape of letter I. The student will |-Science: Capacity |Big book | |understand how to blend words based on |-Social Studies: Important People |Readers/Writers Notebooks | |letter sounds. The student will | |Sound spelling cards | |understand story elements. The student | |Paper/pencils/glue/scissors/crayons | |will understand and generate nouns using |...
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...Effective Teamwork A Best Practice Guide for the Construction Industry Innovation s Best Practice s Productivity Constructing Excellence is driving forward productivity improvements in the UK construction industry through a set of integrated programmes focused on delivering process, product and cultural changes. The key objectives of Constructing Excellence are to improve performance through increased productivity and competitiveness; to improve the industry’s image by changing its culture, developing its people and engaging better with communities and customers; and to engage and take action with individuals, businesses, organisations and industry associations. This guide demonstrates how teamwork can be an important tool in achieving Constructing Excellence objectives. Drawing from the management literature on teamwork, together with original research, the guide examines various aspects of setting up and managing teams, with practical examples from the construction industry and a useful team self-assessment tool. Effective Teamwork was prepared for Constructing Excellence by Eclipse Research Consultants. For details of how to contact the authors see the inside back cover of this guide. Illustrations were by Gerry Armstrong (gerry.armstrong@virgin.net). For more information about Constructing Excellence, please see: www.constructingexcellence.org.uk Or call our helpdesk on 0845 605 5556. 2 Effective Teamwork Contents Introduction ...
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...Analyze the life cycle environmental and social impact of Heidelberg Cement’s operations, the concerns of different stakeholders on these impacts, and how these stakeholders concerns affect the company. Cement is considered to be one of the most useful materials ever developed by man due to its strength and durability. However by virtue of its chemical and mineral composition as well as its manufacturing process cement production is deemed to have quite a significant environmental and social impact on its various stakeholders in a variety of ways and at varying degrees. One strategy that has been developed to help assess the extent of this impact is the use of a life cycle Assessment tool. The life cycle assessment is a systematic way of compiling and examining the inputs and outputs of energy as well as materials used in the manufacturing of a product or service as well as the environmental impacts directly attributed to the manufacturing process of that product or service throughout its life cycle. The life cycle of a product comprises the manufacturing process from raw material extraction, through to materials processing and manufacturing, all the way to distribution, usage, maintenance and disposal or recycling. One company that has been at the forefront of Cement production over the years has been Heidelberg Cement. Heidelberg cement having been in operation for over 140 years is one of the world’s largest building materials companies. It is a multinational building...
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...Department of Computing, Engineering, and Technology The Life cycle (Environmental and Economic) Assessment of Complex Building Construction Project A Critical Reference Report Project Management and Control ENGM91 Assignment 1 Name: Manoj Rajendran Student ID: 149142740 1. Introduction Environmental issue has become economically important from the civil construction project. Especially in complex building project. As the construction field in need of resources like steel, cement, and power generation, it could definitely affect the eco-friendly system. Hence the sustainability of environmental and economic assessment should be conduct in entire life cycle of building construction project (Chan-joong Kim, 2015)The economic, social development and environmental protection are the major aspects of sustainability in building industry, which represents the impact of using raw material. Moreover the developed countries like Europe and USA has the findings that building operation contributes more to greenhouse gas emissions (B. De Meester, 2008). The usage of energy intensive elements is right from the start of the building which gives more importance to the development of environmental sustainability. But it is highly concern that...
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...place. Consider why you and other users came together to communicate online and the interests you and others shared. Explain why you selected particular social media rather than other types of communication channels. (4/20 marks) Paragraph 2 (Relate) Relate your answers to a concept, issue, or problem outlined in the course readings from Lessons 1 to 5. Take care to use these terms correctly and in the right context. Consult and refer to examples from the course readings; this is a key course requirement. Use APA style to cite the author(s) and date when you refer to these readings. Include the page number(s) if you quote directly. (4/20 marks) Paragraph 3 (Assess) Assess how well you and others managed the online exchanges your examples described, and how this influenced the communication outcome. Explain what you or others users experienced as a result by paying attention to your reactions and other users’ attitudes, thoughts, and feelings. (6/20 marks) Paragraph 4 (Advise) Based on the example or examples you provided above and the concepts, skills, or problems you related to in your answer, explain what you learned about social media communication that others could benefit from. (6/20 marks) Section 1:Describe the privacy management practices you follow to keep information about yourself private from others on a given social media site. As well, explain how you selectively give other users access to such information. Explain what motivates you to regulate this information...
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