...Chapter 8 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 8 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 8.1 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Chapter 8 CO-CHAIRS, EDITORS AND EXPERTS Co-Chairs of the Expert Meeting on Cross-sectoral Methodologies f or Uncertainty Estimation and Inventory Quality Taka Hiraishi (Japan) and Buruhani Nyenzi (Tanzania) REVIEW EDITORS Carlos M Lòpez Cabrera (Cuba) and Leo A Meyer (Netherlands) Expert Group: Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) CO-CHAIRS Kay Abel (Australia) and Michael Gillenwater (USA) AUTHOR OF BACKGROUND PAPER Joe Mangino (USA) CONTRIBUTORS Sal Emmanuel (IPCC-NGGIP/TSU), Jean-Pierre Fontelle (France), Michael Gytarsky (Russia), Art Jaques (Canada), Magezi-Akiiki (Uganda), and Joe Mangino (USA) 8.2 IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Chapter 8 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Contents 8 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL 8.1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................8.4 8.2 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN DEVELOPING QA/QC SYSTEMS ......................................8.5 8.3 ELEMENTS OF A QA/QC SYSTEM .................................................................................................. 8.6 8.4 INVENTORY AGENCY...
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...Quality assurance Contents ISO 9000……………..…………………………………………………………………………4 Gemba Kaizen………….………………………………………………………………………….7 References………………………….………………………………………………….................12 According to scenario, Susan Douglas is the vice president of quality at Flyrock tires. She was not sure how to communicate the quality standards of Six Sigma to the people of her organization. Flyrock had five manufacturing plants in the United States, and had another 20 facilities for other components used in the tire. Though Flyrock has always emphasized on quality issues, it has had a bigger concern over quality in the recent times, because of the recent fatal accidents involving tires made by other manufacturers due to tread separation. There was significant media coverage over the incidents and the manufacturers had a lot of pressure in improving quality. Douglas wanted to push through a quality control management program in order to improve the quality at Flyrock. For that she needed to build a solid case first (Article). There was a major quality issue at Flyrock. It had very little or no monitoring during the processes for quality control. “Given the large number of steps in building a tire, errors tended to accumulate. As a result, even if each step produced only 1 percent defects, at the end of 20 steps only 81.2 percent of the product would be of good quality. Since each factory produced about 10,000 tires per hour, such a process would result in about 1,880 defects...
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...Quality Systems in IT Assignment Implementing Quality Assurance in IT Systems Name: Elise Xuereb Group: 1HND6 Table of Contents Question 1 (P1.1) 2 ISO 9000:2005: ‘Quality Management Systems - Fundamentals and Vocabulary’ 2 ISO 9001:2008: Quality Management Systems - Requirements 3 ISO 19011:2011: Guidelines for auditing management systems 3 Question 7 (D2.1) Take responsibility for managing and organizing quality assurance activities. For 2 quality assurance practices in each stage identified above, you need to do a plan of implementing it. You need to discuss at least 3 people involved and the work operations that need to be done. Criteria: • Correctly write a plan of action for 2 quality assurance practices including 3 people involved and work operations involved. Plan of Action: System Initiation People involved: Project Manager, System Analyst and Quality Assurance Tester. Work that needs to be done and a plan of how it needs to be implemented: 1. Developing a Quality Assurance (QA) Plan: As indicated in Question 6, this step should be implemented by, initially having an exploration phase. In this phase, the client comes up with the procedures that ensures that quality assurance is present in the project. For instance, when having a robust and secure system, the performance of the system should be constant so that no system downtime will take place. Here, one must take into consideration whether the stakeholders have experience with...
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...6 • Cause-and-Effect Diagram………………………………………………………...…… 6 • Control Chart……………………………………………………………………..……. 7 • Hypothesis Testing....…………………………………………………………….……. 7 Conclusion & Recommendations…………………………………………………….……..…… 7 Appendix A: Visual Representation of Data Collection……………………………………….…8 Appendix B: Collected Data………………………………………………………………………9 Appendix C: Histogram……………………………………………………………………….…10 Appendix D: Cause-and-Effect Diagram…………………………………………………...……11 Appendix E: Control Chart Data…………………………………………………………………12 Appendix F: Control Charts……………………………………………………………………… Appendix G: Reference Documents……………………………………………………………… Abstract Quality always has been an integral part of virtually all products and services. Quality assurance techniques and tools have been an evolutionary development as our awareness of their importance has increased. There has been a profound growth in the use of statistical methods for quality and business improvements over the last few decades. This project outlines the...
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...1) “Assurance Services” is a professional service provided by Certified Public Accountants, the objective of which is to provide accurate information, in this example, information about the Spot Cards. Assurance Services give reliable opinions about the particular subject in order to reduce information risk (risk that comes from incorrect information). 2) The use of electronic payment technology offers particular benefits and costs. Below is an account of the benefits and cost to various parties. * Benefits and Costs to Stadium Vendors The use of electronic payment provides more accurate information to vendors for examining their businesses. The system records information like the card number, location code and date and time of transaction including the products sold. As such, the vendors are able to observe and follow detailed information about sales volume of each and every item he has in stock. By using this technology, the vendor is now able to keep records of his items, financial reports and his work becomes precise enabling more profits. * Benefits to fans at the stadium. The fans are able to use their Spot Cards to make purchases instead of walking with cash. The stadium has ATM-like machines which allow them to transfer money onto their electronics cards. They can also buy cards with cash at the stadium if ever they do not possess their own cards. In order to keep track of their balance there are card readers located in the stadium to check...
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...Chapter 16 – Software Quality Assurance Overview This chapter provides an introduction to software quality assurance. Software quality assurance (SQA) is the concern of every software engineer to reduce costs and improve product time-to-market. A Software Quality Assurance Plan is not merely another name for a test plan, though test plans are included in an SQA plan. SQA activities are performed on every software project. Use of metrics is an important part of developing a strategy to improve the quality of both software processes and work products. Software Quality Assurance • Umbrella activity applied throughout the software process • Planned and systematic pattern of actions required to ensure high quality in software • Responsibility of many stakeholders (software engineers, project managers, customers, salespeople, SQA group) SQA Questions • Does the software adequately meet its quality factors? • Has software development been conducted according to pre-established standards? • Have technical disciplines performed their SQA roles properly? Quality Assurance Elements • Standards – ensure that standards are adopted and follwed • Reviews and audits – audits are reviews performed by SQA personnel to ensure hat quality guidelines are followed for all software engineering work • Testing – ensure that testing id properly planned and conducted • Error/defect collection and analysis – collects and analyses error and defect data to better...
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...Quality Assurance in Aviation Embry Riddle Management for Aeronautical Science MGMT 203 Howard W. Loken June 25, 2014 Quality Assurance in Aviation Quality defined Quality Assurance (QA) is one of the most predominate factors in aviation organizations today. Quality Assurance programs have a direct link to safety in aviation. Quality can be considered a safety measure because a solid quality program can help prevent accidents and incidents. This is accomplished by procedures and guidance by government oversight that filters down to the operator of the type aircraft. Quality Assurance is a systematic method for gathering, analyzing information on quality, causes of defects and how they impact aviation operations. The QA system allows managers to make decisions concerning quality on facts and history of events to prevent future issues. This paper discusses how quality assurance in aviation must continue to play an important role in order to operate and maintain aircraft to the safest standard. Concepts and Principles The concept of Quality Assurance is the prevention of defects. This concept covers all aspects of each event from beginning to end. All aircraft maintenance personnel have a responsibility to adhere to the concepts ad principles of QA. To achieve QA concepts maintainers focus on prevention, knowledge, and special skills. Preventing maintenance failures is a goal of QA. This is accomplished by regulating events vice being regulated by events. Every...
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...Quality assurance By Julieanne Naji Scope The quality assurance plane mandates that the LIMS La Trobe University laboratory is compliant with up to date quality measures, in order to transition from a teaching facility into a testing facility. The teaching facility will be contracted to produce large amounts of GFP protein in order to produce specific anti-GFP antibodies. The quality assurance section has specifically looked into stock maintenance, reagent maintenance, testing and data management in order to assess if the facility will adhere to good laboratory practice (GLP) if turned into a test facility. Section five to seven has covered other specific sections of quality assurance, such as personnel, facilities and standard operating procedures. The quality assurance audit has provided recommendations in order for the teaching facility to be approved and fall under GLP, to become a test facility. I. Reagents storage Reagents are stored appropriately, within the flammable cupboard, labeled shelves, appropriate temperature controlled rooms and temperature controlled refrigerators. Reagent storage location also contained appropriate labeling within refrigerators and shelves II. Working reagents Working reagents have been left on benches, the working reagents have not been labeled or left in a specific controlled temperature. Recommendations: The laboratory will need to appropriately label working reagents, and ensure they are stored in a safe and temperature...
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...I.T.U. FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING PROGRAM QUALITY ASSURANCE AND CONTROL 2012-2013 SPRING SEMESTER GUIDELINES FOR THE TERM PROJECT PURPOSE: is to study, analyze, and propose solutions for the quality issues and problems of two selected manufacturing or service companies in a particular sector and also to analyze the economical and technological structure of the sector. TASK: Two manufacturing or service companies in a particular sector will be selected. The economical and technological structure of the sector will be analyzed and the quality issues and problems about the selected companies will be studied. In order to accomplish the term project, you are asked to form a group of 3 or 4 students and visit the companies in the selected sector to conduct in-depth interviews. Finally, you are asked to write a report about the sector analysis and the study about the selected companies. SCOPE: The report should be approximately 3000 words. The sector study may be between 1000 and 1500 words and the company study between 1500 and 2000 words. Electronic and/or hard copies of all references must be annexed. GUIDELINES: A. Analysis of the sector 1. The contribution of the sector to GNP 2. Exportations 3. Capital accumulation 4. Labor structure and employment 5. Level of technological development 6. Research and development potential 7. Expectations for future developments B. Study of the selected companies ...
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...Image Quality Assurance Manual Atlantic Urology Revised 11/01/2013 1.0 Quality Assurance Program………………………………………………………………… 1.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1.2 Quality Assurance Committee……………………………………………………………. 1.3 Technologist’s Role……………………………………………………………………………. 1.4 Radiologist’s Role……………………………………………………………………………….. 1.5 Medical Physicist’s Role…………………………………………………………………….. 2.0 Important Points……………………………………………………………………….. 2.1 Maintenance…………………………………………………………………………………. 2.2 Evaluation and Review…………………………………………………………….. 2.3 Training…………………………………………………………………………………….. 2.4 Quality Control Records………………………………………………………… 2.5 Alternative Phantoms………………………………………………………….. 2.6 Alternative Procedures…………………………………………………………………… 2.7 Occupational Dose……………………………………………………………………….. 2.8 Patient Dose………………………………………………………………………………. 2.9 Action Limits………………………………………………………………………………. 2.10 SMPTE Pattern…………………………………………………………………………. 2.11 Monitors Used for Interpretation………………………………………………. 3.0 Technologist’s QC Section…………………………………………………………… 1.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM 1.1 INTRODUCTION A well-designed, documented, and executed quality assurance program in a medical imaging department is essential to producing consistent, high-quality diagnostic images. This facility, Atlantic Urology, qualifies as a diagnostic imaging facility because it deploys a 32-slice Siemens computed tomography machine to evaluate...
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...TUI University Michael Reeves MHM505 – Introduction to Quality Assurance Module 1 Case Quality Assurance (QA) can be defined as those activities that contribute to designing, mentoring and the improvement of quality healthcare. In defining the quality we need to develop the standards that will be used to measure the effect of the quality of work we are striving towards. The standards does not have to be clinical it can be administrative, good standards are usually reliable, realistic clear and valid. With the amount of medical mishaps that we experience on a daily basis it is very important that we have a quality Assurance team in place. In fact an entire department should be available just to focus on quality operation within the hospital. With a solid quality assurance program I know that a hospital will be able to save even more money and resources by avoiding law suits that arise from malpractice. I would base my argument on areas such as communication, situational awareness and the importance of quality patient care. In my opinion the aspect of quality assurance that is most important is safety, this falls in the range of focusing on the patient or putting focus on the system or even the processes that are in place. It is obvious that the purposes of health care services are to generate customer satisfaction and operate with the least amount of money possible. Focusing on the client does...
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...The design I have proposed below is for a Food Processing Company characterized by low technology but a need to have a Quality Assurance Program. Terminology I would like to start with the Terminology because of the several different usages of the term ‘sample’ and ‘test material’. Sample is used for the part of a larger “lot”(e.g a consignment, batch, carton, container and load ) which is sent to the Laboratory for analysis. When the sample is received by the laboratory it becomes a “test material”(Codex Alimentarius, AOAC International & IUPAC) . The Laboratory is responsible for its “traceability” and for its “integrity”. Sampling & Analysis “QA is the sum of all the activities taken to ensure that the information generated by the Laboratory is correct ( Wilcox et al., 1978 )” It is important that Laboratory is involved in discussions on sampling plans and in determining the sample sizes. Confidence in the decision meets/fails to meet a specification is dependent both on (a) the effectiveness of the sampling plan in obtaining a sample which is representative of the lot (b) the quality of the analysis carried out on it. Quality Assurance Program “Without a defined Quality Assurance program all analytical result must be suspect. ( Harnly & Wolf 1984 ).” The identity and integrity of materials being handled by the Laboratory must be ensured throughout the time when they are under the control of the Laboratory, e.g. from sample receipt to data report and authorized...
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...Quality assurance was born in the industrial setting in the 1950s. There it stayed, evolved, and thrived until the early 1990s when it made the crossover into the health care arena, (Sollecito & Johnson,p 20 2013). In the modern era, striving for excellence and the assurance of quality is a staple of health care and, with the transition to pay-for-performance and evidenced-based practices in medicine, it is becoming more important and more visible. In the healthcare setting, quality assurance (QA) teams work throughout the hospital system to design policies and procedures that promote the best possible outcomes for their patients and, in turn, their facility. That means ensuring compliance with a multitude of regulations, policies, and laws...
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...Case Report Hank Kolb, Director of Quality Assurance Group 17 Navid Razavi Frederike Schmidt Introduction The Case “Hank Kolb, Director of Quality Assurance” is about a production line of an industrial product plant, called “Greasex”. The text deals with several manufacturing problems, within the production of spraying cans for the high-technology sector, of “Greasex”, which arise from the contradiction of interests between the quality and manufacturing department, due to time pressure in the production. First of all, the spray cans of “Greasex” have a quality issue. Due to the high pressure in the cans, there is an accidental risk for customers which could lead to a fatal image loss of the company. There are several causes mentioned by the director of quality assurance. The untrained operator for the filling equipment and the time pressure of the manufacturing personnel leads to mistakes and inaccuracies during the production. Furthermore, there is no regular maintenance of the filling equipment, which is also very old and not designed for the production line “Greasex”. This leads to high non-standard downtimes of the production process and causes the time pressure of the manufacturing personnel. Because of the time pressure coming from the production-planning department, there is an inadequate supply of nozzle heads, an important part of the cans. Due to the unbalanced amount of this parts, the company is giving rush orders to the suppliers, which ends in a lack...
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...Name: Nikhil Rawal Student Number: 130014317 BSc (Hons) Accounting & Finance Part 2 By Name: Nikhil Rawal Student Number: 130014317 BSc (Hons) Accounting & Finance Part 2 By Assurance Assignment Assurance Assignment ------------------------------------------------- Question 1 “Without accountancy businesses would find it hard to function”, Michael Izza. What you feel he means by the above quote? Accounting is the language of business, without it, business functionality would be difficult to undertake. If we break it down, accountancy is needed in the following ways: 1. Financial Accounting: this comprises of information that companies avail to the general public. As a result of these statements being published, companies can gain potential investors. It also hold firms accountable for their operations and encouraged constant revaluation of systems and development in efficiency. 2. Management Accounting: this deals with internal information e.g. cost of goods sold, profit targets, variance analysis etc. This holds management accountable for decisions they make. As a result, they review, plan and coordinate amongst themselves to ensure smooth functionality. 3. Accountability: Businesses need to be held accountable for the actins they make. Otherwise there would be elements of greed, theft, dishonesty and fraud evident in the framework. Accountancy therefore acts as regulator to stop such miss happenings and in a way ensure the financial...
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