...College Athlete Compensation: Primary Research Review Phillip Richard Cross Oakland University Rochester, MI Abstract This primary research paper explores the topic of college athletics, and if student athletes receive fair compensation for their sporting services. As to how this question was answered, it was conducted with two separate interviews. One of them was with Ben Anderson, my former varsity basketball coach, and also Matt Okaiye, a close friend who plays college football at Michigan State. The main findings of this research was that college athletes receive a great deal of fair compensation, as scholarships and publicity are the primary focus to why. For athletic scholarships, we see that the student athletes receive numerous amnesties and benefits that compensate them extremely well. Publicity is the same way, as the athletes have a large amount of attention on them which leads to economic and compensated value. This research will ultimately lead to the final project which will be on the argument that college athletes should not be paid. College Athlete Compensation The notion of paying college athletes has been an ongoing debate for decades. With college sports continuing to gain popularity and revenue increasing for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), people have questioned whether college athletes should be benefited beyond their athletic scholarships. The question is, do college athletes receive fair enough compensation for their services...
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...Academic Motivation of College Athletes & the Influence of Athletic Scholarships Abstract The purpose of this research was to examine whether scholarship play a role in academic success by identifying the motivation of the students toward their classes and the influences of being an athlete. The identification was investigated using surveys and interviews. Most college athletes made it clear that their motivation academically comes from their concern about a successful future. A successful future in this place is having a good job, earn good money and have a successful business. As if they were to fail in sports, they would still be able to make a good life with their records in academic fields. So their first priority is a good academic status. The results also identified how being an athlete could hurt them academically. Introduction I decided to do this research because I’m interested in getting a scholarship to play basketball and I would like to know how things work and could possibly affect my academic performances at that point. Scholarship athletes are expected to work hard and dedicate more time than the walk-in or try-out players because they need to maintain their good performance to keep their scholarships. I’m studying in Thailand as a 10th grader. I started playing basketball a couple years ago. At first I was just playing for fun and exercise, but since I was asked to join my varsity team, I started to like the game more. My love to game developed...
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...importantly how are you going to afford it? You’re not in the top ten, but still an average student. You are on athletic teams, but not the superstar athlete of your high school by any means. Students believe that they need to be the best at everything to receive a scholarship of any type, but that’s where a lot of them think wrong. Scholarships are available to almost any student and can be granted to students for more than just grades and athletics. The possibilities for scholarships are limitless and give you the best way to have some or even all of your college education paid for. Growing up many students think they need to be in the top ten or getting straight A’s and passing every test. Which isn’t completely wrong because when you do fall into that category it can make receiving scholarships an easier process. Although, if you don’t fall into that category scholarships are nowhere near impossible to receive because of the hundreds of options provided by companies and colleges in every state. Academic scholarships often called merit scholarships or awards, can be obtained by students who weren’t first in their class maybe, but still received good grades and show characteristics of a good student(“Types” para 2). Every academic scholarship is going to have different requirements and monetary amounts that can be awarded. A lot of companies offering scholarships look for individuals who possess leadership...
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...The Power of the NCAA Abstract The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is a very powerful entity. The NCAA men’s basketball tournament receives more advertising dollars and has higher ratings then the Super Bowl and the World Series. This paper discusses various other papers all dealing with different aspects of this NCAA entity and the cultural, economic and social impact the NCAA has on the modern education system. These topics include an analysis of NCAA tournament broadcasts and the influence the TV industry has on what people view, the impact of facilities to recruit high quality athletes, as well as a cost-benefit analysis of university’s scholarship system. These issues, among others, affect every college student, not just student-athletes as well as tax-payers, professors and alumni. The Power of the NCAA As a father of a high school student-athlete that is being recruited by Division I universities I felt the need to research the process and the entities involved at a deeper level. The five articles I chose helped me understand the recruitment process and the logic behind it as well as the influence the athletic departments have over every school. Division I athletic departments are either the largest or second largest buildings on each campus as far as operations (Southall et al.). One major concern with the amount of influence the NCAA has in the community is that after their big national tournament in 2006, a representative...
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...PART I: PROBLEM The goal of this paper is to focus on evidence that college athletes, specifically, football players should be compensated for the talents they demonstrate on the field; for many reasons. It is well documented that college presidents, coaches, athletic directors often think of athletics as the “front porch” of their campuses (Weaver, 2011), as it relates to college revenues. Weaver further maintains that college athletes, especially football players, are needed to generate the revenues to build both and support a winning football team, and athletics department. And historically colleges rely on ticket sales, game programs, and advertising revenues, to do so. Additionally, coaches’ salary and facility renovations also are factor in terms of colleges and universities needing to generate revenues as well. But before the former can be brought to fruition colleges must first persuade the most talented athletes to their school. What criteria do colleges and universities utilize when recruiting athletes with regard to talent, academics, finances, and student population? Additionally, what perks are colleges and universities offering these athletes to entice them at a minimum to the said front porch? Let’s start by first exploring how colleges and universities generate revenues. First, warning sign (problem) is that billions in annual revenues generated by colleges, universities, conferences and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) are in large...
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...reflected in the sports programs of American high schools. The pressure to win and the allure of financial gain have always been a part of the professional ranks, as well as the collegiate sports scene. Intercollegiate athletics are a big business and a lucrative source of revenue for many universities. It is not unusual to find that coaches in our major universities make a great deal more income than tenured academic professors. The pressure to win is felt by most college coaches and athletic directors. It is therefore not surprising that a conflict has developed between the academic and athletic communities on many of the nation’s college campuses. Similarly, it is possible that athletic communities in high schools have developed a negative reputation with respect to academic performance. While a number of researchers studied athletic participation and academic performance in college (Ferris & Finster, 2004; Gaston-Gayles, 2005), few studies addressed the relationship between academics and athletic participation at the high school level. Similarly, these studies have 2 focused on the comparison of non-athletes to athletes; with respect to a variety of dependent variables Yiannakis and Melnick (2001). The effect of participation on athletics, with respect to its direct effect on the participants themselves, has not been investigated in the literature. Taras (2005) conducted a review of studies on younger students and the effect that...
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...athletes be paid to play? That is the question and discussion being presented not only in this paper but also across many colleges in these United States. There are many pros and cons to college athletes being paid to play their sport, which makes this is a very controversial topic. Are the sport scholarships and uniforms enough? Should schools really pocket all that money they make in revenue from the sports teams? Many moral, ethical and legal issues can be raised in the idea of paying college athletes to play, on both the pro and con side of the issue. Should an athlete receive a full ride scholarship and also be paid from the school to play? Many big universities may be able to handle such a thing, but what about the small colleges that do not receive such a large amount of revenue from their sports teams? Can or should schools pay all the athletes or only the top players? What about Title IX, how will potentially paying athletes be affected by it? All these topics will be discussed, as well as Team C’s final decision on this matter. PROS In 2012 the athletic revenue reported by University of Texas was $163.2 million, Alabama $143.4 million, Ohio State $142.0 million and Michigan $140.1 million (Berkowitz, Schnaars, & Upton, 2014) Coaches like Nick Saban (Alabama Football) and Mike Krzyzewski (Duke Men’s Basketball) make in excess of $7 Million a year, along with the athletic directors. Conferences receive billion-dollar television contracts for NCAA tournaments and the...
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...Pay to Play: Economic Impact of Paying College Athletes 1. Purpose of Research & Analysis On April 25, 2014, the National Labor Relations Board in Washington, D.C., granted Northwestern University's request to review the decision made by the regional office recognizing the school's football players as employees. In mid-April, Northwestern football players voted as a team on whether or not to unionize, but the votes will only be opened if the board ends up siding with the players, which may take at least a couple of months. Ultimately, the Northwestern football players are determining their fate through this secret ballot and their decision to form the first union amongst college athletes—a decision that has the ability to change the landscape of American college sports. If granted the right to unionize, the Northwestern football team will actually have the ability to bargain over their conditions and it is expected that this could ultimately lead to requesting salary compensation for their efforts. In light of these recent historic discussions, it is critical to analyze not only the ethical, but also the economic impact of such potential situations. My research paper has been structured to shed some light into the challenging and complicated discussions that continue to occur around this topic. Specifically, I have broken my research and analysis into three key topics. First, I explore whether or not there is an underlying issue with the current state, from an economic perspective...
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...Shydarrius Jackson Mrs. Keel English 1101 4 December 2014 Should College Athletes Be Paid? College sports is one of America’s biggest industries. It is an industry that brings in almost 4 billion dollars every year to the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association). The NCAA is not the only one profiting from this large industry. TV networks like ESPN and CBS, retailers, and of course universities make millions each year because of the work of college athletes. It seems that everyone is profiting off the college sports industry except for the ones who are actually performing. College athletes are not being compensated for their hard work and diligence in this highly profitable market industry. While some college athletes get scholarships, which are renewed each year depending on the athlete’s performance and usefulness to the team, that is still not enough to meet the needs of the athletes. Also these college athletes cannot profit off their marketability and their name. College athletes are not allowed to receive anything of monetary value in exchanged for autographs or memorabilia. Every year, thousands of student athletes across America sign the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s Form 08-3a, the “Student-Athlete” form, waiving their right to receive payment for the use of their name and image (Infante et al). However, retailers and college universities make millions off these athletes with university apparel with the athlete’s number on the merchandise...
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...College athletes are manipulated every day. Student athletes are working day in and day out to meet academic standards and to keep their level of play competitive. These athletes need to be rewarded and credited for their achievements. Not only are these athletes not being rewarded but they are also living with no money. Because the athletes are living off of no money they are very vulnerable to taking money from boosters and others that are willing to help them out. The problem with this is that the athletes are not only getting themselves in trouble but their athletic departments as well. Recently college athletes have been granted permission to work, from the NCAA. Even with this permission, their jobs are still regulated. One regulation to the athletes working is that they cannot work for alumni of the school. The NCAA has this rule because they feel if athletes work for people with close ties to the school then they will be receiving special benefits while working. These special benefits include, (but are not limited to), athletes being paid while not at work and higher salaries then other workers doing the same job (Anstine 4). Another restraint to college athletes working is a time restraint. College athletes have very busy schedules they follow and when finished with their schedules they are left with very little free time. Student athletes are required to take a minimum of twelve credit hours to start the semester and required to pass at least nine credit...
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...benefits of their investment are worth the risks. 7. In choosing an appropriate style, the steps are creating an Authoritative Tone, use metaphors and similes, pay attention to Sentence Length, and minimize the jargon. 8. Three tips for designing the proposal are creating a look, create white space and use meaningful headings. 9. The four steps in revising and editing a proposal are looking for inconsistencies in content, getting rid of extra stuff, tweaking the design and proof reading. 10. Five major problems listed are students are “paid to play”, have out of control coaches, cases of academic fraud, an athletic over grades attitude and even a murder. He believes scholarships are to blame due to the fact that the students are viewed and picked mostly in part of the athletic performance and not academic performance. Having need based scholarships will benefit to provide a more educationally sound, a more commercially...
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...Elijah Roberts Mrs. Hoag Research & Writing 13 October 2014 Stress: In Collegiate Student Athletes Most students who graduate high school go on to continue their education at a College or University. Students who are talented enough also play at sport at their college. With the overwhelming workload that student athletes face in college, along with their commitment to sports can cause an immense amount of stress in their life. Stress is an emotional or mental strain put on the body and mind from demanding circumstances. As opposed to the traditional college student, student athletes have more pressure on them. About 400,000 student athletes participate in athletic games each year, and thousands receive scholarships to do so (Stern). Setting aside the stress that every student already faces when transitioning from high school to college, being a collegiate athlete on top of that just makes it more difficult. Stress is so powerful, it can become the sole thing that can cause an athlete to quit their sport, causing them to lose their scholarship or even drop out of school. Several occasions an athlete’s performance is negatively affected by the stress that is put on them. Being relied on heavily by their school, parents’ expectations to succeed in school, and by coaches and teammates to perform well in their sport, can be too much on a student athlete. All the stress that the students face also has proven to be very unhealthy. Most people also do...
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...environment in which fair and equitable distribution of overall athletic opportunities, benefits, and resources is available to women and men and in which student athletes, coaches, and athletics administrators are not subject to gender-based discrimination. Title IX, passed in 1972 at the pinnacle of the women’s rights movement, banned sex discrimination in any federally financed education program. It threw into quick relief the imbalanced treatment of male and female athletes on college campuses. Ever since Congress passed the federal gender-equity law, universities have opened their gyms and athletic fields to millions of women who previously did not have chances to play. But as women have surged into a greater part on campus in recent years, many institutions have resorted to deception to make it look as if they are offering more sports to women. Throughout this paper I will discuss the issues of gender equity in sports. I will mention what equal opportunities women have to play sports and how they can develop the psychological, physiological and sociological impact from sports participation. Females are playing team sports more now than they were a decade ago and far more women will play team sports in the next decade. In the Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association's (SGMA) study, the authors analyzed many team sports and the role that females played in each activity. In 1990-1991, female high school varsity athletic teams numbered 1,892; in 2000-2001, the number increased...
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...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer...
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...hearts out on the field, building popular branding images for themselves and their school, and for the collective big-money earnings and prestige that often comes to their schools? Or is indirect payment to these players in the form of a free undergraduate education and college degree through an athletic scholarship sufficient enough? In the 2012 NFL season, 1,947 players played in at least one game. Of those, 62% attended college at one of the five “power conferences” in the U.S., and only one of those players did not attend college at all.[i] Donald Remy, the NCAA chief legal officer has said, “The NCAA’s rules do not force athletes who wish to be professionals to enroll in school,”[ii] yet premier NCAA schools clearly offer the best path to fulfilling these hopeful football players’ dreams. Nevertheless, despite the more opportunistic path of attending a Division I school, a NFL team ultimately drafts only 1.6% of NCAA senior football players.[iii] Meanwhile, the top schools themselves often profit nicely from their players through ticket sales, alumni donations, media rights, and branding, all while paying large salaries to coaches and building state-of-the-art athletic facilities. The top ten NCAA schools with college football revenues have...
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