...Bangladesh Standards on Auditing (BSA) Current Status of Adoption of ISA |BSA | |Present Title | | | |200 | |Objective and General Principles Governing an Audit of Financial Statements | | | |210 | | Terms of Audit Engagements | | | |220 | | Quality Control for Audits of Historical Finance Information | | ...
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...and the information gathered during the walkthrough. INSTRUCTIONS Statement on Auditing Standards No. 109 (SAS-109), Understanding the Entity and Its Environment and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement, requires that the auditor: …obtain a sufficient understanding of the entity and its environment, including its internal control, to assess the risk of material misstatement of the financial statements whether due to error or fraud, and to design the nature, timing, and extent of further audit procedures. To obtain an understanding, the auditor should evaluate the design of controls and determine whether they have been implemented. Several types of audit procedures may be performed, such as: * Observation of entity activities and operations. * Inspection of documents (e.g., business plans and strategies), records, and internal control manuals. * Reading reports prepared by management (e.g., quarterly management reports and interim financial statements), by those charged with governance (e.g., minutes of board of directors’ meetings), and by internal audit. * Visits to the entity’s premises and plant facilities. * Tracing transactions through the information system relevant to financial reporting, which may be performed as part of a walkthrough. The auditor may either use this form to document walkthrough procedures or document procedures at AID-402 in a separate narrative, flowchart, or other workpaper. Wherever the procedures are documented...
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...that applies to organization’s activities and identified hazards. As defined the objective of the standard is to have a clear management structure with defined authority and responsibility, clear objectives for improvement, with measurable results and a structured approach to risk assessment (Montero, Araque, and Rey, 2009).This also includes the monitoring of health and safety management failures, auditing of performance and review of policies and objectives according to the standard. In my previous organization in Bangladesh, we have started working towards qualifying for the OHSAS 18001 certificate and I was responsible as an internal auditor for the process. In this process, I also had the opportunity to work with the external auditor (certification audit). In the auditing process, I have monitored health and safety management failures, auditing of performance and managed to review of policies and objectives as suggested by the external auditor. In this report, some brief discussion has been made about the literature review about the framework and challenges in the auditing process (internal and external). Lastly, some propositions have been made to improve the quality of the audit process (both internal and external). Introduction It is becoming a popular practice in today’s business world that, companies have started to invest in human capital to exceed the demands...
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...Licensed to: iChapters User Licensed to: iChapters User CONTEMPORARY AUDITING REAL ISSUES & CASES MICHAEL C. KNAPP SEVENTH EDITION MAKE IT YOURS! SELECT JUST THE CASES YOU NEED Through Cengage Learning’s Make It Yours, you can — simply, quickly, and affordably — create a quality auditing text that is tailored to your course. • Pick your coverage and only pay for the cases you use. • Add cases from a prior edition of Knapp’s Contemporary Auditing. • Add your course materials and assignments. • Pick your own unique cover design. We recognize that not every program covers the same cases and topics in your auditing course. Chris Knapp wrote his case book for people to use either as a core e book or as a supplement to an existing book. If you would like to use a custom auditing case book or supplement the South-Western accounting book you are currently using, simply check the cases you want to include, indicate if there are other course materials you would like to add, and click submit. A Cengage Learning representative will contact you to review and confirm your order. G E T S T A R T E D Visit www.custom.cengage.com/makeityours/knapp7e to make your selections and provide details on anything else you would like to include. Prefer to use pen and paper? No problem. Fill out questions 1-4 and fax this form to 1.800.270.3310. A Custom Solutions editor will contact you within 2-3 business days to discuss the options you have selected...
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...g The Malaysian Institute of Certified Public Accountants (Institut Akauntan Awam Bertauliah Malaysia) (3246-U) January 15, 2008 Circular No: Stu/02/01/08 To: ALL REGISTERED STUDENTS MICPA EXAMINATION ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING STANDARDS The Institute’s Examination Regulations and Syllabus state that: (a) Questions involving knowledge of accounting and auditing should be answered in accordance with the requirements of approved accounting standards, approved auditing standards/guidelines and the relevant legislation; Questions involving knowledge of new approved accounting standards, approved auditing standards/guidelines and exposure drafts will not be set until at least 6 months have elapsed since the last day of the month in which the statement became effective or was published. (b) The list of accounting standards, auditing standards and other technical pronouncements, which are currently examinable in the Institute’s examination, are set out below. I. Approved Accounting Standards The Companies Act 1965 requires that approved accounting standards are to be applied to the financial statements of all companies. Approved accounting standards are issued by the Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB), which is established under the Financial Reporting Act 1997. For the purposes of the MICPA pronouncements are examinable : examination, the following accounting (i) (ii) (iii) MASB approved accounting standards and other pronouncements issued by MASB; Malaysian...
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...Audit Term: Fall 2013 COURSE: AP/ADMS 4552 3.0 Sections A and B Information Systems Audit Schedule First day of class: Section A: Wednesday, September 11, 2013 11:30 AM – 2:30 PM, Location: HNE 030 Section B: Thursday, September 12, 2013 7:00 PM – 10:00 PM, Location: HNE 032 REQUIRED COURSE TEXT/READINGS: • Hall, James A., (2011), Information Technology Auditing, 3e, Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning (Referred to as “IT Audit Text” in the Readings List for each class) • Additional material as listed in the course outline. This includes articles referenced by links, readings from books that were required for prerequisite courses, cases and assignment details posted on our web site. • CICA Assurance Handbook, as available online from York University library, (referred to as “Handbook” in the Readings List for each class). Selected readings are from: [Note this book is available on reserve at the business library in the Schulich building if you do not have a copy.] • Arens, A., R. J. Elder, M. S. Beasley and I. B. Splettstoesser-Hogeterp. 2011. Auditing: The Art and Science of Assurance Engagements, Canadian 11th Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall: Toronto. (Referred to as “Audit Text” in the Readings List) References for the 12th Canadian edition of the Audit text (as an alternative to the 11th edition) will be provided separately as a document on the course web site. Warnings: Photocopying more than 10% of a textbook...
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...Notes I.28 Session – I important that they would affect the auditor’s report if not resolved. They include the following: • Matters that are significant and involve issues regarding the appropriate selection, application and consistency of accounting principles pertaining to the financial statements, including related disclosures. Such matters often relate to accounting for complex or unusual transactions or to estimates and uncertainties and any applicable management assumptions. Results of auditing procedures that indicate the financial statements or disclosures could be materially misstated or that the auditing procedures need to be significantly modified. Circumstances that cause the auditor significant difficulty in applying auditing procedures he or she considers necessary. Other findings that could result in modification of the auditor’s report. Compliance of Auditing Standards and Audit Documentation – a must for all practice units satisfy any applicable legal or regulatory requirements for records retention. Internationally the norm is assemble the final audit file and submit it for archiving within 60 days from the date of our audit report. The PCAOB standard has shortened this period to 45 days. 51 The auditor would also need to adopt procedures that enable him or her to gain access to the documentation throughout that period. One way for auditors to accomplish this is by creating a policy to maintain electronic documentation. One needs to bear in mind...
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...CHAPTER 3 Auditors’ Ethical and Legal Responsibilities SOLUTIONS FOR REVIEW CHECKPOINTS 3.1 This arises from the three party accountability discussed in chapter 1. The auditor is hired because users expect there may be such a conflict. If users completely trusted management there would be no need to have an auditor. This is the only way to detect fraudulent or misleading reporting. The logic is to reduce this potential to an acceptable level of risk. If the auditor assumed this risk was zero to start with the auditor would not need to provide evidence that the possibility is low, and that contradicts the reason users demand an audit. 3-2 No, the auditor cannot detect deception without being skeptical. A non-skeptical auditor on finding evidence of fraud may not treat it with the significance it deserves. The rule that suspicious transactions or evidence of management deceit should automatically be considered material, even when the absolute amounts involved may be very small or insignificant, is an example of skeptical logic in action. Since three party accountability implies some degree of mistrust of management by users, the auditor must incorporate skepticism in his or her reasoning process when management makes assertions about the financial statements it has prepared. 3-3 A professional accountant must be prepared to be agent, spectator, advisor, instructor, judge, critic. 3-4 Apparently, in ethical philosophy, the word "conscience" is used...
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...Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Bus 102 – Dr. Sean D. Jasso John Chi 12/9/2010 Table of Contents - Table of Contents Introduction History of the Act Implementation Impact on Business Policy Analysis Conclusion Appendix References pg. 1 pg. 2 pg. 3 pg. 4 pg. 7 pg. 9 pg. 11 pg. 12 pg. 14 1|P a ge Introduction Corporate Scandals are business scandals that initiate from the misstatement of financial reporting by executives of public companies who are the ones trusted to run these organizations. Corporate scandals are derived in many ways and these misrepresentations happen through overstating revenues and understating expenses, overstating assets and understating liabilities, and use of fictious and fraudulent transactions that gives a misleading impression of the company’s financial status. There were a few corporate scandals that took place in the last decade that forever changed investment policies in corporate America. The companies that are most commonly known for these scandals are Enron, Adelphia, and WorldCom. These companies had hidden their true financial status from creditors and shareholders until they were unable to meet the financial commitments which forced them reveal massive losses instead of the implicated earnings. The ultimate result cost investors billions of dollars when the share prices of the affected companies had collapsed. According to Hopwood, Leiner & Young (2002), pg. 130, “the public outcry from the corporate scandals were enormous...
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... 19 association of chartered certified accounts（ACCA） 特计的证（经执业的结社 （ACCA） 20 assurance engagement 保证债务 21 assurance 保证 22 audit 审计,审核,核数 23 audit acceptance 审计承兑 24 audit approach 审计靠近 25 audit committee 审计委员会,审计小组 26 ahudit engagement 审计业务约定书 27 audit evaluation 审计评价 28 audit evidence 审计证据 29 audit plan 审计计划 30 audit program 审计程序 31 audit report as a means of communication 审计报告如一个通讯方法 32 audit report 审计报告 33 audit risk 审计风险 34 audit sampling 审计抽样 35 audit staffing 审计工作人员 36 audit timing 审计定时 37 audit trail 审计线索 38 auditing standards 审计准则 39 auditors duty of care 审计（查帐）员的抚养责任 40 auditors report 审计报告 41 authority attached to ISAs 代理权附上到国际砂糖协定 42 automated working papers 自动化了工作文件 43 bad debts 坏账 44 bank 银行 45 bank reconciliation 银行对账单,余额调节表 46 beneficial interests 受益权 47 best value 最好的价值 48 business risk 经营风险 49 cadbury committee...
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...Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act Introduction Before 2002, many U.S. companies, such as Enron, WorldCom and Xerox went bankrupt and caused the serious global issues and financial responsibilities of managers in the world. The primary issue was about an ethical leadership and maintained the clean audit system. Well known examples perhaps were Enron and WorldCom scandals. Dyck and Neubert (2010) mentioned that “Ironically, the lucrative rewards for performance and innovation were keys to Enron’s early success and growth, before excesses in pursuit of these goals contributed to the ethical failures that ultimately destroyed the company. ” (p. 151). According to Dyck and Neubert (2010), both Ebbers as C.E.O of WolrdCom and Skilling as C.E.O of Enron went to a prison for their unethical behavior within their organizational structure caused (p. 449). According to Noreen and colleagues’ (2008), these scandals were involved at the highest level to the former C.E.O including the misuse company money and fraud financial reports (p. 25). In particular, Sadka (2006) indicated that in the case of WorldCom, its financial fraud includes mispricing of its products (p. 439) Moreover, due to WorldCom’s financial fraud, investors of WorldCom’s competitors lose $7.8 billion with additional losses of $49 billion social welfare (p. 463). That is to say, the bankruptcy of one of the biggest company caused a lot of problems in the U.S. As a result, not only investors lost billions of dollars but...
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...GLOSSARY OF TERMS 1 (August 2013) Access controls—Procedures designed to restrict access to on-line terminal devices, programs and data. Access controls consist of “user authentication” and “user authorization.” “User authentication” typically attempts to identify a user through unique logon identifications, passwords, access cards or biometric data. “User authorization” consists of access rules to determine the computer resources each user may access. Specifically, such procedures are designed to prevent or detect: • • • • • Unauthorized access to on-line terminal devices, programs and data; Entry of unauthorized transactions; Unauthorized changes to data files; The use of computer programs by unauthorized personnel; and The use of computer programs that have not been authorized. *Accounting estimate—An approximation of a monetary amount in the absence of a precise means of measurement. This term is used for an amount measured at fair value where there is estimation uncertainty, as well as for other amounts that require estimation. Where ISA 540 2 addresses only accounting estimates involving measurement at fair value, the term “fair value accounting estimates” is used. *Accounting records—The records of initial accounting entries and supporting records, such as checks and records of electronic fund transfers; invoices; contracts; the general and subsidiary ledgers, journal entries and other adjustments to the financial statements that are not reflected in formal journal entries;...
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...Table of Contents Introduction 2 Population 2 Economic Structure and Major Industries 2 Major Firms 4 China’s Stock Market 6 China Securities Regulatory Commission 7 Legal Enforcement of IFRS 8 Summary of contents of financial statements 9 Transition Process of Accounting Standards 10 Auditing Standards 11 Full convergence with International Standards 11 Verification of Capital Contribution 13 Comparison of China’s old GAAP and IFRS 14 Accounting Education in China 15 The Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants 15 The CICPA Overview 15 The CICPA Examination 16 Accounting Student 18 China’s Cultural Influences on Accounting 19 Appendix 1. Comparison of CASs and ISAs (As of 2006) 22 Appendix 2. Accounting Firms in China 24 Introduction Population In 2012, China's population amounts to 1.3 billion – an increase of 365 million since 1980. Yet, population is growing at a decelerating pace and should reach its peak in less than two decades. Current methods of population control will be relaxed as the growth of population slows. The fertility rate is presently 1.6 births per female (below replacement level) and is expected to remain at that level in the medium term. The median age is steadily rising and by 2011 it was 35.5years –16.9 years greater than the figure for 1980. In fact, population aging is occurring more quickly in China than in most other countries. The country's working age population will begin to fall by 2017...
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...ABSTRACT Auditing disclosures play an important role within accounting reports as they provide a level of assurance to the users (public). These disclosures will be discussed in light of the collapse of Health International Holdings (HIH). The HIH collapse warranted a Royal Commission investigation and also recorded the biggest corporate collapse in Australia's history. Corporate failures of similar magnitude such as Enron and Parmalat have occurred elsewhere and sparked large scale investigation and media scrutiny. In all of these corporate failures, the level or absence of disclosure has had a lot to do with the unexpectedness of the collapse. This paper analyses the HIH collapse within a Foucaldian framework to demonstrate the need for accountants and auditors to work together so as to avoid criticism of the profession arising from unexpected corporate failures in the future. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to analyse the collapse of HIH and the role of its auditor, Andersen, within a Foucauldian framework encompassing archeology and genealogy of power and knowledge. The mythical Jedi force is used as a metaphor for power attained by the accounting profession through its claim to superior knowledge and skill to be applied in the public interest. Accordingly, the force includes professional ethics. The dark side is used as a metaphor for the collapse of HIH because accounting standards and practices, the accounting profession's power base, were used to conceal...
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...Sarbanes Oxley Companies Abstract Sarbanes oxley act 2002 was passed on July 30, 2002 and only the public companies are now feeling its impact. This act frequently called the “most significant accounting or auditing legislation since the securities exchange Act of 1934”. After the implementation it has established its demands to the companies for proper management and disclosure of risk. Nortel networks is a giant corporate in telecom industry and as it is expected they also have faced the challenges come from the SOX act. Some of them are in favor and some are against the Nortel. ‘SOX’ has manipulated a larger impact on Nortel internal employee and external customers as well as their financial statement. The outcome of the Nortel is clearly different from before implementing the SOX. This paper is to find out the deeper understanding of SOX, how it governs the public corporate, financial disclosure and practice of public accounting in general sense. Besides this it will focus on the outcomes of Nortel network after implementation of SOX and its financial statement. Introduction There have been found a number of corporate financial scandals (e.g. Tyco International) that provides various type of weakness in the governance and auditing practice in the organization. It represents the failures in controlling the reliability and integrity to the stock markets. The scandals cost billions of dollars for the investors when the affected companies were collapsed. As a result, these...
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