...Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal Financial Accounting Knowledge, Conceptual Framework Projects and the Social Construction of the Accounting Profession Ruth D. Hines Article information: To cite this document: Ruth D. Hines, (1989),"Financial Accounting Knowledge, Conceptual Framework Projects and the Social Construction of the Accounting Profession", Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 2 Iss 2 pp. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513578910132268 Downloaded on: 22 September 2014, At: 01:18 (PT) References: this document contains references to 0 other documents. To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 14644 times since 2006* Downloaded by UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA At 01:18 22 September 2014 (PT) Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: William E. Shafer, Yves Gendron, (2005),"Analysis of a failed jurisdictional claim: The rhetoric and politics surrounding the AICPA global credential project", Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 18 Iss 4 pp. 453-491 Stephen P. Walker, Ken Shackleton, (1998),"A ring fence for the profession: advancing the closure of British accountancy 1957#1970", Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 11 Iss 1 pp. 34-71 Sue Sheldon, (1999),"Responding to the Challenges of Change", Pacific Accounting Review, Vol. 11 Iss 1/2 pp. 161-162 Access to this document was granted through an Emerald...
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... Towards Reducing the Audit Expectation Gap: Possible Mission? The auditing profession believes that the increase in litigation and criticism against auditors may be due to the audit expectation gap. The audit expectation gap is defined as the difference between what the public expects from an audit and what the audit profession accepts the audit objective to be. The audit expectation gap is critical to the auditing profession because the greater the unfulfilled expectations of the public, the lower the credibility, earning potential and prestige associated with the work of auditors. The objective of this paper is to review and evaluate some of the possible solutions that can be taken to narrow the gap. The study found the proposed solutions in the literature are unlikely to be implemented in view of the practical issues identified. Hence, the proposed solutions are only likely to be effective on theoretical grounds. It is hoped that this paper will provide some insights into proposed solutions which will enable the audit expectation gap to be reduced in a comprehensive and effective manner. E xternal auditing plays an important role in contributing to the effectiveness and efficient functioning of business operations, the capital markets, and the economy by adding credibility to financial statements (Rezaee, 2004). The reliability of auditing functions and the professionalism of the auditing profession was, however, called into question after some spectacular...
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...[pic] SCHOOL OF ACCOUNTANCY COLLEGE OF BUSINESS UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA COURSE CODE : BKAA3023 COURSE NAME : AUDITING AND ASSURANCE II PRE-REQUISITE : AUDITING AND ASSURANCE I _____________________________________________________________________ 1. SYNOPSIS This is a continuation of Audit and Assurance 1. It intends to strengthen and enhance the students’ understanding in auditing. Among the topics that will be discussed are code of ethics, auditors’ liability and in-depth explanations on analytical procedures, computer assisted audit techniques, audit sampling, materiality and audit risk, group audit and current issues facing the auditing profession. This course will justify other activities than financial statement audit that can be performed by a public accountant like performance/operational audit, internal audit and compliance audit. 2. COURSE OBJECTIVES This course intends the student: 1. To comprehend applicable regulations, legal responsibilities and ethical standards and current issues facing the audit profession. 2. To appreciate the concepts of internal control system and the use of computer assisted audit techniques in auditing a computerised environment. 3. To understand and apply audit risk, materiality, and statistical and non statistical audit sampling techniques. 4. To be familiar with related issues in audit completion, group audit, internal audit and related audit services and other services that...
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...organisations has created the need for a specialist in various business controls: the internal auditor. We can understand better the nature of internal auditing today if we know something about the changing conditions in the past and the different needs these changes created. What is the earliest form of internal auditing and how did it come into existence? How has internal auditing responded to changing needs? As the operations of an organisation become more voluminous and complex, it is no longer practicable for the owner or top manager to have enough contact with all operations to satisfactorily review the effectiveness of performance. These responsibilities need to be delegated. The Development of the Profession of Internal Auditing Internal auditing has evolved from accounting-oriented to a management-oriented profession. At one time, internal auditing functioned as a junior to the independent accounting profession, and attesting to the accuracy of financial matters was the profession's main concern. Now internal auditing has established itself with a far broader focus. Modern internal auditing provides services that include the examination and appraisal of controls, performance, risk and governance throughout public and private entities. Financial matters represent only one aspect of the purview of internal auditing. Requirement to have Internal Audit Activity In January 2004, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) had approved new rules proposed...
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...and the companies must be disclose, to prevent any conflict in interest when auditing the accounting records. The external auditors were given the power to obtain information and inspect the accounting records of the companies because of the nature of their duties. As stated in Companies Act 1965 section 174 (2)(a), the roles of an auditor is to report the consolidated accounts by give a true and fair view as required by section 169 and in accordance with the applicable approved accounting standards. In 1971, during the implementation of New Economic Policy (NEP), where after the eruption of violence between Malays and Chinese in 1969, Malaysia economy change its direction from to target foreign interest of free enterprises towards in the control of the government. By the strong presence of the government to improve and balance the economics including the incomes distribution and assets ownerships, Malaysian now has a shared goal together in socio-economic; and thus increase the demand for the independent auditors and present more existence. During 1980s, Malaysia was in economics recession where NEP was slowly being discarded by the local communities and come to an end. There are no any significant changes in the roles of the auditors in late 1980s when started the operation of KLSE and amendment of the Companies Act. Changing of the term of the audit license to two years make governing the auditing profession more effective under Companies Act 1965. There are also additional...
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...Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal On Valuing Nature Ruth Hines Article information: To cite this document: Ruth Hines, (1991),"On Valuing Nature", Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 4 Iss 3 pp. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513579110144802 Downloaded on: 22 September 2014, At: 09:07 (PT) References: this document contains references to 0 other documents. To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 1512 times since 2006* Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: Downloaded by UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA At 09:07 22 September 2014 (PT) Ruth D. Hines, (1989),"Financial Accounting Knowledge, Conceptual Framework Projects and the Social Construction of the Accounting Profession", Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 2 Iss 2 pp. Christine Cooper, (1992),"The Non and Nom of Accounting for (M)other Nature", Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 5 Iss 3 pp. Christopher Humphrey, Robert W. Scapens, (1996),"Methodological themes: Theories and case studies of organizational accounting practices: limitation or liberation?", Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 9 Iss 4 pp. 86-106 Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by 394654 [] For Authors If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service...
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...AN OVERVIEW OF FORENSIC ACCOUNTING IN MALAYSIA Mohd Sarif Ibrahim and Mazni Abdullah Department of Financial Accounting & Auditing Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia sarif51@um.edu.my, mazni@um.edu.my ABSTRACT Forensic accounting may not be a new field in accounting. However it becomes so important recently and has been an interest to various stakeholders, from the government, investors, and practitioners to regulatory bodies. Corporate failures like the often cited Enron and WorldCom cases have placed forensic accounting into the limelight. The objective of this study is to present the views of practitioners regarding forensic accounting and its current development in Malaysia. For the purpose of this study, practitioners from the big and medium accounting firms and regulatory bodies in Malaysia were interviewed regarding the subject matter and unstructured interviews were used in the study. Keyword: Forensic Accounting, Auditing and Investigation. INTRODUCTION Corporate financial scandals like the often cited Enron and WorldCom cases of the last few years is a wake-up call to the accounting profession and has rejuvenated the interest in forensic accounting. Increasing government regulations and pressures from other stakeholders has made businesses acutely aware of the consequences of employees’ misdeeds and inadequate internal controls. Companies are now beginning to be more determined than ever to ensure...
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...| |UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN (UTAR) | | |FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND FINANCE (FBF) | | |Bachelor of Commerce (Hons) Accounting | Unit Plan | | | | | |Unit Code & |UBAF 2023 AUDITING | | |Unit Title: | | | | | | | |Course of Study: |Bachelor of Commerce (Hons) Accounting | | | | | | |Year...
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...Management, Universiti Putra Malaysia Takiah Mohd Iskandar Faculty of Economics and Business Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Hasnah Haron School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia ABSTRACT The Malaysian Approved Standards on Auditing, AI 240 on “Fraud and Error” (MIA, 1997) requires the auditor to assess the risk of fraud and error during the audit of financial statements. Based on the risk assessment, the auditor should design audit procedures to obtain reasonable assurance that misstatements arising from fraud and error that are material to the financial statements taken as a whole are detected. Inability of the external auditor to detect material misstatements, particularly intentional misstatements, may expose the external auditor to litigation. The present study aims to examine the effect of the external auditor’s ability to assess fraud risk on his/her ability to detect the likelihood of fraud. An experimental approach is adopted by sending case materials to audit partners and audit managers attached to auditing firms operating in Malaysia. The result shows that in a high fraud risk scenario, the external auditor’s ability to assess fraud risk has a positive effect on his/her ability to detect the likelihood of fraud, whereas in a low fraud risk scenario not. The findings may provide insights into the external auditors’ judgment in fraud risk assessment and detection of fraud which could be beneficial to auditing firms seeking to improve processes...
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...INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Background The auditor’s roles are to provide an opinion on financial statement and to ensure that the statements are based on true and fair image of company performance to the stakeholders. They are authorized in checking the accuracy of business records. Opinions given by the auditor gives an added credibility to the financial statements (Maqableh, 2014). Commonly, investors often rely on financial statements provided by auditor in making investment judgement and increase the productivity of financial markets. Financial statements provided by the auditors are often reviewed as credible, unbiased opinion that truly reflects the company financial positions. There’s no doubt that auditor independence is the core of auditing profession when establishing its objectivity and integrity. Auditor independence, in particular, indicates the ability of an auditor to disregard any influence or control when conducting an opinion (AAA, 1973). Therefore, auditor must be, and must be seen to be independent of company management. Lack of independence causes audits to be considered to have little value (Johnstone, Sutton, & Warfield, 2001). This is further supported by Elliott and Jacobson (1998) that a particular interest may trigger a risk that could weaken the outcome of the audit which in turn impairs the auditor independence. Hence, independence is fundamental to the purpose served by auditors (Moore et al., 2002). This study is limited to only four variables as...
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...Content Question A | 1 | Question B | 2-3 | Question C | 4 | Question D | 5 | Bibliography | 6 | Financial Accounting 1 Group Assignment Question A As what we understand for the words of Professional Accountant is who has experience and skills in establishing and maintaining accurate financial records for a business. Accountants’ works including control the system of record, auditing books and prepare a financial statement (Hossain, 2013). The accounting profession in Malaysia is controlled by the Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA) through the powers discussed by the Accountants Act, 1967. In Malaysia, we needed some certificates to show that we are accounting educated so that we are having the abilities to work as certain company’s accountant. Those certificates are known as ACCA, LCCA, CIMA and also MICPA. Start from few years back, Malaysia standard of requiring accountants was raised from LCCA to ACCA. With ACCA certificate, a person can consider as a professional accountant and so he or her has the ability to finish the duties. Question B In an organization, accountant plays a very important role. Without an accountant, the organization cannot work effectively (role of accountant, 2013). Accounting is a special division of knowledge. Both the accounting system and the accountant provide a very useful service to the society. There are a lot of stuff can be done by an accountant. Firstly, an accountant does bookkeeping. They keep a systematic record...
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...g The Malaysian Institute of Certified Public Accountants (Institut Akauntan Awam Bertauliah Malaysia) (3246-U) January 15, 2008 Circular No: Stu/02/01/08 To: ALL REGISTERED STUDENTS MICPA EXAMINATION ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING STANDARDS The Institute’s Examination Regulations and Syllabus state that: (a) Questions involving knowledge of accounting and auditing should be answered in accordance with the requirements of approved accounting standards, approved auditing standards/guidelines and the relevant legislation; Questions involving knowledge of new approved accounting standards, approved auditing standards/guidelines and exposure drafts will not be set until at least 6 months have elapsed since the last day of the month in which the statement became effective or was published. (b) The list of accounting standards, auditing standards and other technical pronouncements, which are currently examinable in the Institute’s examination, are set out below. I. Approved Accounting Standards The Companies Act 1965 requires that approved accounting standards are to be applied to the financial statements of all companies. Approved accounting standards are issued by the Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB), which is established under the Financial Reporting Act 1997. For the purposes of the MICPA pronouncements are examinable : examination, the following accounting (i) (ii) (iii) MASB approved accounting standards and other pronouncements issued by MASB; Malaysian...
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...1.0 About Audit Oversight Board Malaysia (AOB) The Parliment have give a power to Securities Commission Malaysia (SCM) to undertake those functions such as promote and develop an effective and robust audit oversight framework in Malaysia, promote confidence in the quality and reliability of audited financial statements in Malaysia and regulate auditors of Public Interest Entities (PIE). The AOB was established on 1 April 2010 under Part III A of the Securities Commision Acr 1993 (SC) to discharge the above functions. 2.0 Mission Statement and Strategic Themes The mission of Audit Oversight Board Malaysia is “Fostering high quality independent auditing to promote confidence in the quality and reliability of audited financial statements of public interest entities in Malaysia”. The AOB has adopted a strategic framework which links to Securities Commision Malaysia (SCM) service areas and activities to the desired outcomes which manifest the attainment of our mission. The strategic framework has four strategic themes, which are to support the adoption and implementation of standards, promote high quality audit practices, influence the financial reporting ecosystem and leverage on stakeholders’ support. First part is to support the adoption and implementation of standards. Third part is influence the financial reporting ecosystem. A high quality financial reporting would only be achieved if all the key components in the financial reporting ecosystem are effective in playing...
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...Running head: CONTRADICTION CONCEPTS IN AAIOFI WITH ISLAMIC BANKING Contradiction concepts in Islamic Banking in Malaysia Nor Alina bt Abdul Latip International Islamic University Malaysia Abstract This study investigates the concepts use in Islamic Banking in Malaysia and compares it with guidelines provide by Islamic teachings. It finds that most Islamic banks in Malaysia offer BBA in home financing and Ijarah in car financing as their products. The findings show that concepts of BBA and Ijarah practise in Islamic Institutions in Malaysia are differ from the actual Islamic teachings. The study also reveals that Islamic banks are restricted to the Malaysian requirements in providing their products. Page no Abstract 2 Introduction 4 Literature review 5 Methodology 7 Findings 7 Conclusion 13 1.0 INTRODUCTION Financial Accounting Organization for Islamic Banks and Financial Institutions is known as Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI). It was established in 1991 (AAOIFI, 2007, p.8). AAOIFI standards are drawn from Islamic teaching. The standards free from three important concepts that are used in conventional institutions which are interest...
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...International Journal of Business and Management December, 2009 Auditor Independence: Malaysian Accountants’ Perceptions Nur Barizah Abu Bakar (Corresponding author) Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences International Islamic University Malaysia PO Box, 10, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel: 60-19-288-4540 E-mail: nur.barizah@gmail.com Maslina Ahmad Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences International Islamic University Malaysia PO Box, 10, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: maslina@iiu.edu.my Abstract Independence is the primary justification of the existence, and thus the hallmark of the auditing profession. It is recognized as the primary attribute to be maintained by auditors in all circumstances. This study attempts to explore the determinants of auditor independence as perceived by Malaysian accountants using a self-administered mail survey. It was evidenced from the survey that size of audit fees is the most important factor, followed by competition, size of audit firm, tenure, provision of management advisory service and finally audit committee. More specifically, the study indicates that (1) larger size of audit fees, (2) audit firms operating in a higher level of competitive environments, (3) smaller audit firms, (4) audit firms serving a given client over a longer duration, (5) audit firms providing MAS, and, (6) the non-existence of an audit committee, are perceived as having a higher risk of...
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