...The divergence-based centroid neural network is employed in the grouping process. Prior to the grouping process, 3D line segments are extracted with the aid of the elevation information obtained by using area-based stereo matching of satellite image data. High-resolution IKONOS stereo images are utilized for the experiments. The experimental result proved the applicability and efficiency of the approach in dealing with 3D building modeling from high-resolution satellite imagery. Index Terms—building model, satellite image, 3D modeling, line segment, stereo I. I NTRODUCTION Extraction of 3D building model is one of the important problems in the generation of an urban model. The process aims to detect and describe the 3D rooftop model from complex scene of satellite imagery. The automated extraction of the 3D rooftop model can be considered as an essential process in dealing with 3D modeling in the urban area. There has been a significant body of research in 3D reconstruction from high-resolution satellite imagery. Even though a natural terrain can be successfully reconstructed in a precise manner by using correlation-based stereoscopic processing of satellite images [1], 3D building reconstruction remains to a difficult process, due to the discontinuity of elevation in manmade objects. In this context, most studies rely on 3D feature analysis. Perceptual grouping technique [2] has been broadly used for detecting and describing buildings in aerial or satellite image. This traditional...
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...I. Current Situation: A. Current Performance: International Satellite Images (ISI) had been building a satellite to image the world at a resolution of one meter. At the resolution, a trained photo interpreter could identify virtually any military and civilian vehicle as well as numerous other military and non-military objects. The ISI team had been preparing a proposal for a Japanese government contractor. The contract called for a commitment of a minimum imagery purchase of $10 million per year for five years. In a recent executive staff meeting it became clear that the ISI satellite camera subcontractor was having trouble with the development of a thermal stabilizer for the instrument. It appeared that the development delay would be at least one year and possibly 18 months. When Jim approached Fred Ballard, the President of ISI, for advice on what launch date to put into the proposal, Fred told Jim to use the published date since that was still the official launch date. II. External Environment: A. General Environment: For the problem ofISI satellite camera subcontractor it appeared development delay would be at least one year and possibly 18 months. For that reasonthe level of trust between the parties was very low since the Japanese insisted upon completion guarantees. External forces include: Industry practice is to publicize optimistic completion dates that are rarely met. The financial industry that has profitability expectations which may be impossible...
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...moves; kinaesthetic learners like to be physically involved in the learning process, commonly taking notes or using a highlighter in seminars or lectures. They will learn better by carrying out a task as opposed to having it explained to them. During an induction using language that is associated with these types of movement related activities is beneficial, for instance "as you walk into the garden you feel the warm breeze against your face and feel the cool, soft grass under your feet. As you approach the house a feeling of familiarity and calm flows through you". The second modality is auditory; which in its most simple definition is relating to the organs used for hearing. An auditory learner will prefer information to be spoken or delivered in another way through sound and is more inclined to take in information when heard. An example would be that during a seminar or lecture the auditory learner will more likely be listening to the presenter rather than reading the...
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...Learning Styles & Professors Both your professors and your learning styles are different and unique. By knowing your professor and his/her teaching style you will have a distinct advantage. Once you know how to properly use your learning style so that you can manipulate it to work with your professors teaching style, you will notice that lectures and studying will be come far more easier for you. You can no longer be a passive student, taking only what is spoon-fed to you; you must seek out your own education. This includes both the knowledge you have about your professors and the knowledge you have about yourself. The more you know about each of these the better prepared you will be for the class. I. Meeting A Professor Explain to your students that professors are not teachers and may never have had any classroom training. They are here because they are experts in their field. We are a learning institution as well as a teaching university, so most professors are here to do research to advance knowledge, as well as teach classes. Remember that your professors are people too; some people are nice and some people are not. Be polite and adult when interacting with your professors. Professors who obtain tenure have academic freedom. Having tenure basically means that the professor can form his or her own guideline for teaching. In order for a professor to receive tenure they must teach at the U of S for a minimum of three years and go through a process...
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...Learning cultures are as vastly diverse in our educational institutes as the diversity of cultures in general society. There are many differing studies available to assist the learner and the educator maximize the learning of todays’ students. This paper will focus on the VARK Questionaire: a guide to learning styles. VARK is an acronym for visual, aural, read/write, kinesthetic learning preferences. This is a sixteen question survey that indicates a learners preferences for the ways in which learning is taken in and expressed. It is important to differentiate that VARK provides information about the learners Preferences not necessarily their Strengths. A learner may be a gifted artist but does not choose to learn using visual strategies. VARK data is geared for the learners learning activity not leisure activities, the learner may be an avid reader for pleasure but that is not how the learner likes to take in and express information in the learning environment. The emphasis is on how the learner gathers, processes, interprets, organizes, and thinks about new information. When answering questions on the VARK questionnaire it is important to consider only how the individual not any others responds to learning. Nobody functions solely on any one given mode, for example when a person is describing something verbally they are most likely using gestures and voice flexion’s that may be visually interesting. Another facet of the VARK to be remembered is that the word visual...
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...The Impact of Evolving Technologies Computer generated imagery has spanned the verge of acceptability. “CGI frequently plays an essential role in the creation of the believable alternate reality necessary for the enjoyment of a film” (Goodyer, 2012). The animation cartoon looks is replaced with subtle distinction of movement and expression. “Motion capture represents a wholly new form of filmmaking, one that cannot and should not be limited by our previously held definitions of synthetic versus recorded cinema” (Freedman, 2012). The once was a drawing, that was made into several to produce a cartoon seen in films, times have changed with technology, now it is becoming more realistic and believable to audiences. “But no matter how impressive the trappings used to surround the audience–all the tricks of lighting and make–up and acting and computer–generated imagery–the root of all movies is the story, and without it, nothing else matters. If a story works, if it engages the audiences for two hours, then there is no wrong way to tell it. If the story doesn’t work, then the opposite is true” (Goodykoontz & Jacobs, 2011). Avatar (2009), was an American Science Fiction film set in the 22-century. “Avatar cost somewhere between $250 million and $500 million to make, yet weeks after its release, it had already grossed more than $1 billion worldwide for the Twentieth Century–Fox Film Corporation” (Gray, 2010). While to create such a costly movies was a big risk for...
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...The Modern Film A majority of current movies on the market today most likely have one thing in common, Computer Generated Imagery, or CGI. Imagine how crude a movie would be without the use of computers and the quality they would posses if these technologies didn’t exist. From Star Wars to The Matrix and even a vast majority of all the more recent animated films such as Toy Story or Monster’s Inc have all used computers to enhance the experience of the movie. Movie goers have been enjoying the quality that these technologies have been adding to movies for years, maybe even longer than some might know of. It’s said that John Whitney, Sr. was the first to bring computer graphics to the film industry with his slit-scan technology creating the visually powerful “into the monolith” imagery of 2001: A Space Odyssey. Over the years computers would keep proving there worth in movies such as Tron, the film many people associate with the birth of Hollywood computer graphics. In 1985 Pixar produced what is said to be the first CGI character animation in film with the stained glass window come to life effect in the Young Sherlock Holmes. Disney, the maker of popular children’s movies of all kinds would later acquire Pixar and take animated movies from the classic sketched scenes of Cinderella and Bambi to the first full length CGI movie, Toy Story. Toy Story changed the way of viewing for animated movies making the characters seem more realistic and giving more detail to the worlds...
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...Make-up and other effects have turned into a vital piece of motion pictures. Sure, even movies that appear to have no effects for the on-screen characters will utilize computerized touching-up and hours of applying make-up to the performers to make them look the part they are playing. Regardless of what some people may say, conventional prosthetic make-up is still used very often in the entertainment industry. It is the most practical approach to include blood, scars, or essentially change the surface of the skin since it is a physical, impermanent modification to an actor. It is additionally still used to make huge or abnormal highlights that still leave the greater part of the face human unrecognizable, for example, Hellboy or Captain America's...
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...When TRON was released in July of 1982 it was considered groundbreaking in its use of computer generated imagery (CGI). In his original review of TRON in the Chicago Sun-Times Roger Ebert (1982) called it “…a dazzling movie from Walt Disney in which computers have been used to make themselves romantic and glamorous.” He also added that, “In an age of amazing special effects, TRON is a state-of-the-art movie.” By comparing the way that CGI is used in a movie to its rank based on total gross sales it will show that CGI movies have steadily become more popular and dominate in gross sales since TRON was released. TRON was created by Steven Lisberger in 1976 when he came up with the idea for what he called a neon warrior at his own design studio in California. He also took inspiration from the original game of Pong. In an interview almost two decades later Lisberger said, “And what happened was, I saw Pong, and I said, well, that's the arena for him.” (Lisberger, 2010). This statement was in reference to what would become the arena duel where discs of light are hurled at their opponent. Along with creating TRON he wrote the script and directed the movie. Lisberger was also the producer of TRON: Legacy which was released in December of 2010. The movie centers around Kevin Flynn who finds himself transported inside of a circuit board to the world within. In this computer world when programs are no longer needed they are forced to fight other obsolete programs in arena battles...
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...Kenneth Stokes Writing and Rhetoric 1 April 14th, 2013 CGI and Practical Effects in Film It’s hard to believe that the first real use of what we know as computer-generated imagery (CGI) took place in a feature film, Westworld, which was in 1973. But it would be another 20 years before Hollywood experienced a real revolution in special effects, when photorealistic dinosaurs rampaged though Jurassic Park, a Michael Crichton-inspired theme-park-gone-wrong movie. The concept of today’s level of 3D CGI animation is an evolution from basic cartoon animation into a simulated world that seeks to represent realism as accurately as possible. It does this by slicing up the world into the smallest segments possible, and then controlling how those tiny parts of the real world objects move, react and change based on the other objects and conditions within that 3D world (See fig. 1). The history of computer-generated imagery goes hand in hand with the history of the computer, as the computer evolved CGI effects got possible. For the origins of computer-generated imagery we need to go back to the year 1968. In this year a group of Russian mathematicians and physicists headed by N.Konstantinov created a mathematic model of a moving cat across a screen. A program was made for a specialized computer called BESM-4. The computer printed hundreds of frames to be later converted into usable film material. In the 1970′s CGI really got a hold in the designing community. With many people experimenting...
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...amplification devices. HARD OF HEARING A person is considered hard of hearing if he/she generally with the use of a hearing aid, has *residual hearing sufficient to enable successful processing of linguistic information. TYPES OF HEARING LOSS * Pre-lingual deafness * Occurs before the child has acquired speech * Post-lingual deafness * Occurs after the child has acquired speech ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EAR 3 Major parts of the ear * Outer ear * Middle ear * Inner ear * OUTER EAR -Consists of the Auricle (part of the ear that protrudes from the side of the head) until the tympanic membrane (eardrum). -Sound is “collected “ by the Auricle and is funneled through the external auditory canal to the eardrum, which vibrates sending sound waves to the middle ear. * MIDDLE EAR -Consists of the eardrum and 3 tiny bones * Malleus (Hammer) * Incus (Anvil) * Stapes (Stirrup) They are contained in an air-filed space. They conduct vibrations of the eardrum to the oval window which is the link between the middle ear and the inner ear. * INNER EAR -An intricate mechanism of thousand of moving parts. -Often called a “labyrinth” * Divided into 2 sections: * Vestibular mechanism * Responsible for sense of balance * Cochlea * Most important oragn for hearing * contains the parts necessary to convert the mechanical action of the Middle...
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...Korbyn Woods 8/28/11 3 Hour English Rough Draft Once upon a time there was a little jack rabbit that had tiny, tiny ears and little legs. His main problem was that he could hear or get around very easily. His home was under this big oak tree in the forest, it was very cool and it kept the rain from getting him all wet. Mr. Jack was very friendly; everyone in the forest was his friends even his common enemy; like the coyote. But out of all his friends there was this one that Mr. Jack would always turn to for help or questions that he wanted answers to. This friend live in the upper part of the tree, he was an owl named Hoot. So one night he just got back and he saw Hoot in the tree and he looked at him and said “ Hoot, why is it so hard for me to get around and so hard for me to hear I don’t get it; I know you can hear really well, and you get around great because you have wings”. Hoot was thinking and said “I don’t know how that works but that’s the way life goes, now get some sleep.” “Ok I will good night Hoot.” Later that night Jack was having dreams about actually having long legs and ears, he was so happy and excited that in the morning he woke up and had to tell Hoot. He was very happy for Jack, then it hit him what if I try to tug on Jacks ears and legs. Hoot thought it over very carefully and was thinking maybe that will really...
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...There are several learning styles that people use in retaining information of which one must learn to effectively communicate and collaborate. One may be the following: ▪ Kinesthetic Learner – Kinesthetic learning is a style in which one learns through “doing” an activity. Kinesthetic learners also known as “do-ers” often have difficulty learning through reading or audio. Effective communication and collaboration with a kinesthetic learner is best through giving a task with instructions through discussion forums and let them do the rest. Kinesthetic learners are known for working their task until completion. Once completed, incorporate my information. ▪ Auditory Learner – Auditory learning is a style in which one learns through listening. Effective communication and collaboration with an auditory learner would be to have them listen to tutorials of text material, speak with them via telephone or communicate through discussions threads. Through consolidation of information formulate an outcome. ▪ Visual-Spatial Learner –...
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...develop strategies for communicating and collaborating effectively within group of people with different learning team learning styles and personality types. There are three basic learning styles. The most common are visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. To learn, we depend on our senses to process the information around us. Most people tend to use of their senses more than the others. There are four different personality types are the organizer, adventure, giver, and thinker. Types of Learning Skills Visual Learning Visual learners take numerous detailed notes. Visual learners also tend to sit in the front of the class. Visual learners are normal neat and clean. These types of learners often close their eyes to visualize or remember something. These types of learners tend to find something to watch if they are bored. They benefit from illustrations and presentations the use color. Auditory Learning Auditory learners usually sit where they can hear but they need not too pay attention to what is happening in front of them. These types of learners my not coordinate colors or clothes, but can explain what they are wearing and why they are wearing it. These types of learners hum or talk to themselves or other people around them when they get bored. Auditory learners acquire most of their knowledge by reading aloud. They remember lessons by verbalizing to themselves. If they don’t have difficulty reading maps of diagrams or handling conceptual assignments like mathematics. Kinesthetic...
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...environmental stimuli. Why? Because some people and certain other people cannot lie in the difference of ability to focus and control each other attention toward their own perceptive processes derived from sensations. A report says that (Kowalski & Westen, 2009) acknowledges that the human sensory systems, visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, touch, proprioceptive, vestibular, and kinesthetic all specialized cells that respond to environmental stimuli called sensory. A short term for olfactory is small. The term for gustatory is taste. An example for touch is pain. Proprioceptive is sensory information about body’s position and movement. Vestibular is sensory information on position of body in space by sensing gravity and movement. Kinesthetic is a sensory information about movement and position of limbs and other parts of the body relative to one another. All the words are transformed is called sensory receptors. It’s used to transform the energy from environmental stimuli into a neural impulse that can be understood by the brain, a process referred to as transduction (Kowalski & Westen, 2009). Auditory Sensory System’s Threshold As I read the report it explained that the sensory system’s is so quick that one is...
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