...possible treatments that are currently being studied. Tinnitus is the perception of sound within the human ear when no actual sound is present. Though often unrecognized, tinnitus affects millions of people worldwide. Tinnitus is one of the most common physical symptoms. It affects 10-15% of the population at some point in their lives (Holmes and Padgham, 2009). Derived from the Latin word, “tinnire,” which means to ring, tinnitus is commonly experienced as high-pitched noise with mechanical, electrical, or musical qualities. The underlying pathophysiology of tinnitus is unclear. It seems unlikely there is a single underlying cause, but tinnitus may accompany almost any auditory dysfunction. Damage to the middle ear, cochlea, audiovestibular nerve, and cerebral pathways between the cochlear nucleus and primary auditory cortex may explain its origins (Holmes and Padgham, 2009). Tinnitus is the most common injury arising from the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. About 75% of young adults who attend nightclubs and concerts experience temporary tinnitus from the loud music. Tinnitus also may arise during periods of stress, like finals week for college students. Tinnitus may be unilateral or bilateral. It...
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...K. (1995), he evaluated the blink reflex with stimulation of the distribution of the mental nerve and obtained reflex reference values. The effects of the stimulation site, the size of the stimulating electrode, and facilitation by eye closure and mathematical task on the mental nerve blink reflex responses were tested in 44 healthy adults. A small paediatric stimulating electrode was found to be efficient for dermatomal stimulation of the mental nerve distribution. The mental nerve blink reflex responses consisted of an ipsilateral late component (R2i) on the side of the stimulation and a contralateral component (R2c) with similar latency. The mental nerve blink reflex onset latencies were longer and the stimulation thresholds needed to produce a reflex response were higher with stimulation of the, when compared with those of supraorbital nerve stimulation. Eye closure resulted in facilitation of the mental nerve blink reflex in the form of latency shortening. Jaaskelainen, concluded that a reproducible constant and stable mental nerve blink reflex responses can be elicited in healthy adults, which enables further clinical application and utility of this...
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...and breakdown (Carson and Butcher, 1992). This disorder can result in a complete breakdown or alteration of reality. Schizophrenia is often termed psychotic in order to separate it from other disorders that are much milder in nature, such as Mood and Anxiety disorders. It is the goal of this paper to provide an overview of some of the issues and debates regarding this difficult and oft misunderstood disorder. What is Schizophrenia? Dementia Praecox, otherwise known as Schizophrenia, has been regarded as a uniquely distinct disease for well over a 100 years. This disease affects those areas that control how a person functions. It manipulates the individual’s thoughts, distorts their perceptions and causes hallucinations, particularly auditory. The person becomes delusional believing others can read their mind and thoughts of others are being placed in their head. According to the criteria for Schizophrenia described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), individuals affected by this disorder suffer from disorganized thought processes, diminished emotional expressions (reduction in how physical expression of our emotions), and Avolition; a decrease in self-motivation. It affects interpersonal relations causing the person to become withdrawn and detached or it may cause them to become needy, intrusive and dependent. It affects the...
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...or don't get organized into appropriate responses”. The prevalence of Sensory Processing Disorder has been studied in 2004, “One study shows that at least 1 in 20 children’s...
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...acceptance of what their future may entail. Alzheimer’s—a form of dementia that worsens over time to eventually eliminate the intellectual abilities of the human brain. Also like cancer, there is no cure; however, there is still hope in creating a better quality of life for these victims through the use of musical therapy. This form of therapy has been recently brought into light by psychologists for, not curing, but creating a better quality of life for victims of these destructive diseases. Through the practice of musical therapy, the patient will undergo tasks involving either listening to music, or playing an instrument. Although seemingly simple, the tasks are geared to stimulate the brain and create activity where the patient needs stimulation the most. With hope of bettering the lives of suffering patients, I am of the opinion that the use of musical therapy can help relieve the pain of terminally ill patients; also, help slow down the processes of mind deteriorating diseases similar to dementia. Criteria for Judgement The ground breaking effects of musical therapy have been studied by multiple psychologists and physicians all over the world. Although useful for many different illnesses, musical therapy is a technique commonly practiced to treat the effects of cancer and Alzheimer's (a form of dementia). I, along with countless others, can admit—healthy or ill—that listening to music can be therapeutic in a sense. Whether it is sitting in a car during a traffic jam, or going...
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...Patel suggesting that one of the valued things provided by music is emotional power. According to the ‘multiple mechanism’ theory, music can influence human emotion in many different ways except *a. visual imagery and association with past, present and future event b. expectancy and fulfilment or violation c. activation of the brainstem by arousing acoustic features d. acoustics cues that resemble the sound of emotional voices medium Source: Section 6.1 page 22, 2nd paragraph, line 6 More questions being arise due to lack explanation on how the music’s universality can affect the emotion. Therefore Patel discuss how the multiple mechanism theory states that music can enhance emotion in five different ways which are 1) expectancy and its fulfilment or violation, 2) activation of the brainstem by arousing acoustic features (e.g., sudden, sharp onsets); 3) association with past events; 4) visual imagery; or 5) acoustic cues that resemble the sounds of emotional voices. The two examples of biological power of music discuss by Patel in the reading are I recovery of brain functions after stroke II recovery of cerebral palsy in premature baby III recovery of verbal fluency in aphasia IV recovery of deaf due to exposure of high volume sound *a) I and III b) I and II c) II and III d) III and IV Easy-medium Source: Patel reading section 4 of the biological power of music: two examples Patel clearly discuss the two examples of music and the recovery of brain functions...
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...sources of reaction time. We shall identify also the early programs of research on RT. We will compare which of the sense is slow or fast in receiving information. OBJECTIVES: -This experiment aims to acquaint us in reading laboratory primers and organized data into summaries and graphs. -This experiment aims to identify which of the senses is more sensitive and very fast in receiving information and which of the senses that is very slow in receiving information. -It sought to know the reaction time of its senses as well as the average reaction time. Background and Related Literature: According to studies such as those done by Brebner and Welford published in 1980, mean auditory reaction times are .14-.16 seconds and mean visual reactions times are .18-.2 seconds. The time it takes for the signal to reach the brain was also found by these studies; it takes auditory stimulus .08-.1 seconds to reach the brain while visual stimulus take .2-.4 seconds to reach the brain. Based on this information as well as that from the experiment, a new hypothesis and prediction were being proposed such that if it does takes longer for light stimulus to reach the brain, then the reaction time to light will be slower than the reaction time to sound. Considering the theory of evolution, it must be assumed that the variation in reaction times has some sort of purpose. One possible idea is that the fight or flight instinct begins with the recognition of danger and in general something which...
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...San Jose Community College Malilipot, Albay PYSCHOLOGY I CASE STUDY (INFANCY) Lorielyn Faith Banas I-B student Introduction As newborns, we were not empty-headed organisms. We cried, kicked, coughed, sucked, saw, heard and tasted. We slept a lot and occasionally we smiled, although the meaning of our smiles was not entirely clear. We crawled and then we walked a journey of a thousand miles beginning with a single step…….Sometimes we conformed, sometimes others conformed us. Our development was a continuous creation of complex forms, and our helpless kind demanded the meeting eyes of love. We split the universe into two halves: “me and not me”. And we juggled the need to curb our own will with becoming what we could will freely. The first two years are very important in a child development. In this study you will find the key concepts and theories of cognitive, social and emotional development in infancy. I am going to explain what are the specific behaviors and the signs of behavioral problem during infancy. This study will tell you what are the most common emotions of infants and what can causes it. Also, it will introduce you to psychoanalytical theories of a child development by Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson and the differences between it. What is more, I will explain what attachment is and the importance of it, also, explain Bowlby’s attachment theory and how attachment develops during the first two years. I will explain why social workers...
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...Sensation and Perception Chapter: Sensation and Perception Sensation and Perception Sensation versus Perception Psychophysics and Thresholds Vision USING PSYCHOLOGY: Color Visual receptor: The Eye Operation of the Eye Eye Problem: Color Blindness Hearing Operation of the Ear Ear Problem: Deafness Chemical senses—Smell and Taste Chemical Senses Receptors: The Nose and Taste Buds Operation of the Chemical Senses Other senses: Skin Other Senses: Balance and Body Position Perception Figure-ground Perception The Wholeness of Figure Perception Perceptual Grouping Perception and Attention Stimulus Variation and Perception Perceptual Constancies Visual Perception of Distance Visual Perception of Motion Hearing Perception Illusions as "Errors" in Perception USING PSYCHOLOGY: Clothing Extrasensory perception (ESP) REVIEW QUESTIONS ACTIVITIES INTERESTED IN MORE? 183 Sensation and Perception WHAT'S THE ANSWER? Instructors in Driver Education advise their students to look twice in both directions before driving across an intersection. Why? "Watch it, Klausman! Watch where you're going!. . . Well, would you look at that. He ran into the goal post!" PSYCHOLOGY: Exploring Behavior Sensation and Perception 184 Moments later, "Klausman, how many times have I told you? You've got to look where you're going! What if that had been a defensive player from the opposing team? How do you feel?" "I feel OK, coach, but I've got a bad ringing in my ears." What causes the ringing in...
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...socialisation. NEONATAL PERIOD day 0 - day 12 Ádám Miklósi (dog behaviour, evolution and cognition.) explains that a wolf mother occupies a den 2-3m from the surface, a few weeks before the birth of her cubs, which provides a stable physical environment. During this time the cubs rely on tactile and olfactory senses and the only sources of physical interactions are from siblings and the mother. The mother rarely leaved the den and is fed by the male. Conversely, human selection has interfered with this process in canines, by choosing and providing the nesting sites that are usually open and well lit. This has altered the developmental environment of puppies, as a result of this, puppies are exposed to additional social stimulation during the neonatal period. Furthermore, humans also intervene and often assist with the birth process, as well as cleaning the puppies, and feeding the mother, which has resulted in a marked decrease of paternal behavior in male dogs. According to Boitani and Colleagues (1995) one of the main reasons for the high infant mortality in feral dogs is that the mother chooses inappropriate nest sites, and due to the lack of assistance...
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...some extent this are being wasted. Children are not reaching their full intellectual potential consequently, predispose to school failure. In public elementary schools particularly the Kalibo Elementary School I, where malnutrition is prevalent among schoolchildren, it is observed that children has low attention-span, lack interest and decreased ability to focus on tasks, and restlessness. These likely to interfere with their learning ability and in this way resulted to their poor school performance. However, this has yet be proven, whether malnutrition impair the learning ability and school performance of schoolchildren. It is for this reason, necessary to study the effects of malnutrition on the learning ability and school performance of schoolchildren. Malnutrition and School Performance Unfortunately, very few studies have been made concerning the direct effect of early malnutrition on school performance. The findings in those that have been carried out indicate that both chronic under nutrition and severe clinical...
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...Name: University: Course: Lecturer: Date: The effect of Music therapy on Human Brain Music therapy started in late 18th century but architects in the medicine industry had long interest and research in the entire field trying to find out all the issues and aspects in the field. It is under this case that statistics shows that actually healing activities dates to ancient times. This kind of principle is evident through the biblical aspects that have been put forward to explain the issues of concern. Some of historical aspects that have been used to explain these issues relating to music therapy were retrieved from ancient writings from civilizations such as Greece, Rome, China, India and Egypt. In present scenario, the power of music tends to be the same as it was used in those old days. However there is a modification of the same in the present times due to enrichment of various ways that have been used to facilitate realization of amicable goals accordingly (Aldridge 65). In United States the profession within the Music therapy started to be developed during the two world wars whereby music was extensively by veterans administration Hospitals as a tool to address and cushion traumatic war injuries that were being experienced. Many veterans in these days were wholly involved passively and actively involved in music activities which revolved in relieving perceptions that occurs in pain. Many doctors and their nurses during those days had the chance to experience all the...
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...Eyewitness Memory in Accuracy on Recall of 2nd Year Students of Daughters of Mary Immaculate School (DMI) Beginning from the conception until our present condition, we possess a certain characteristics which can only be found in ourselves. It is a unique way to see that everyone can speak in different way and act in different manner. We perceive different things in accordance with what our sensation sense. We can see, hear, smell, taste, and feel a stimulus and tend to bring that information in the brain for our own interpretation. After reaching it to the brain, the person produces reactions whether it is acceptable or not on particular setting. If it is unanimously acceptable to all, it doesn’t mean that we all have the same way of thinking or in a state of group mind. Every individual can still showcase another different facial expression after they come up to a decision. This is why individual differences are obviously seen to all individual. One of the basic parts of the body that can be the medium for accepting information towards our environment are eyes. It plays a vital role in encoding all perceived stimuli to our brain. From the part of the retina which is rods and cones, the information is relay to the ganglion cells and transmitted to the optic nerve until it reached to the occipital lobe. This is one part of the brain that responsible for the process of visual information. Stimulus that reached to the brain can either be remembered or not. Memory has the ability...
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...umbilical cord. Babies are even startled by loud noises. The results suggest newborns will gravitate toward and pay more attention to what may be “their mothers melodic sounds than those of other women, and will pay more attention to other similar sounds like female voices in general, than they will to even less similar sounds, like male voices. The findings add to evidence suggesting that prenatal hearing can help infants perceive the sounds of speech. It was long know that newborns can discriminate or perceive most of the acoustic properties of speech. The theoretical view is that these capacities are mostly independent of previous auditory experience and that newborns have a bias or skill for perceiving speech. Scientist believe the newborns capacity to perceive speech is physiologically “built in’ during development of the auditory system. A study in Proceeding of the National Academy of Science reinforce what many people have believed babies hear what their moms say and their brains recognize these words after birth. What unborn babies hear can shape their brain. Infants in the womb can hear with little or...
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...Exaggeratory Claims of Infant Linguistic Developing Programs Raymond Mattison PSYCH 600 September 22nd, 2014 Debbra Jennings Exaggeratory Claims of Infant Linguistic Developing Programs For as long as human records show, there has been the stereotypical ‘Snake Oil Salesman’. These stereotypical parts of society thrive off of the ignorance of the masses in order to sell an item or theory that may seem as though is works but in reality doesn’t. Examples of these include an early 1900’s method of weight control in which people bought pills containing tape worms and were told to take one pill to start losing weight and then take an anti-parasitic pill that would hopefully kill the tapeworm (Winterman, 2013). The result was hundreds of people with tape worms and serious medical conditions. While some of these items can cause injury to the users, such as the tapeworm diet, most are harmless schemes to earn money for selling a fake product. One such modern product is a program that claims to be able to teach an infant to read at a very young age (within the first or second year of life) called ‘Your Baby Can Read’. This product claimed that using the program, which came in multiple methods including DVDs, VHS, books, etc., could teach an infant to read. Targeted Area of Development The targeted area of development in the child was their language and cognitive development. This involves multiple sub-areas of development. With an older child...
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