...AutoCAD | | | AutoCAD is a software application for both 2D and 3D computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting — available since 1982 as a desktop application and since 2010 as a mobile web- and cloud-based app, currently marketed as Autocad 360. Developed and marketed by Autodesk, Inc., Autocad was first released in December 1982 — having been purchased a year prior in its original form by Autodesk founder John Walker. The software is currently marketed in its eighteenth generation. As Autodesk's flagship product, by March 1986 Autocad had become the most ubiquitous microcomputer design program worldwide, with functions such as "polylines" and "curve fitting". Prior to the introduction of AutoCAD, most other CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a graphical terminal or workstation. AutoCAD is used across a range of industries, including architects, project managers and engineers, among other professions, with 750 training centers established worldwide as of 1994. History AutoCAD was derived from a 1977 program called Interact CAD, which was written in a proprietary language (SPL) by inventor Michael Riddle who later co-founded Autodesk to market AutoCAD. This early version ran on the Marinchip Systems 9900 computer (Marinchip Systems was owned by Autodesk co-founders John Walker and Dan Drake). While initially Walker and Riddle had a profits-sharing agreement for any product derived from Interact, in the...
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...Road Design Using AutoCAD Civil 3D AUTOCAD®CIVIL 3D®2013 Road Design with AutoCAD® Civil 3D® Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................... 2 About Road Design in Civil 3D ..................................................................................... 2 The General Workflow ............................................................................................................................................. 2 About Civil 3D Corridors .............................................................................................. 3 Components of the Corridor Object ....................................................................................................................... 3 About Rule-Based Design ............................................................................................ 4 Rule Violation Warnings.......................................................................................................................................... 5 Design Criteria Files ................................................................................................................................................ 5 About Design Checks ................................................................................................... 6 Alignments .........................................................................................................
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...INTRODUCTION AUTOCAD is a commercial software application for 2nd and 3rd computer-aided design and drafting. Available since 1982 as a desktop application since 2010 as a mobile web and cloud-based application marketed as AUTOCAD 360. AUTOCAD was first released in December 1982, running on microcomputers with internal graphic controllers. Prior to the introduction of AUTOCAD, most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate graphical terminal. AUTOCAD is used across a wide range of industries, by architecture, project managers, engineers, designers, and other professionals. it is supported by 750 training centers worldwide as of 1994. As Autodesk’s flagship product, by March 1986 AUTOCAD had become the most ubiquitous CAD program worldwide. As of 2014, AUTOCAD is in its twenty-ninth generation, and collectively with all its variants continues to be the most widely use CAD program throughout most of the world. Western Institute of Technology La Paz, Iloilo city September 30, 2014 Ms. Chenny Ruth Lianda Faculty, College of Art and Sciences Western Institute of Technology Dear Ma’am Lianda: In compliance with the fulfillment of the requirements on the course writing in the discipline and in accordance with your oral instruction dated August 28, 2014, we are submitting our library research paper entitled “The Contribution of Computer in the Field of Engineering”. The main purpose...
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...PROYECTO Optimizador de paquetes Manual de Usuario [pic] Integrantes |Santiago Aimetta |1184180 | |Leandro Barbagallo |1161453 | |Juan Devincenzi |1185858 | |Matias Leone |1187820 | Índice Índice 2 Menú Principal 2 Sección ABMs 3 ABM de Camiones 3 Alta 3 Modificación y baja 4 ABM de Containers 5 Alta 5 Modificación y baja 6 ABM de Pallets 7 Alta 8 Modificación y baja 8 ABM de Pedidos 9 Carga de producto 10 Desde modelo 3D 11 Cargar producto 11 Modificación y baja de producto 12 Forma manual 13 Optimización 14 Distribución espacial 14 Distribución en camión/container 18 Menú Principal El menú principal de la aplicación contiene las siguientes secciones: • Archivo: Permite salir del programa • ABMs: Contiene los formularios para hacer altas, bajas y modificaciones de pedidos, pallets, camiones y containers. • Carga de producto: Permite crear productos a partir de un modelo 3D o de forma manual. • Optimización: Permite optimizar la distribución espacial de un container o de un camión. • Ayuda: Aquí se encuentran los detalles de los creadores de la aplicación. [pic] Fig1:...
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...系统变量是由操作系统定义的数据存储位置,无论谁登录该计算机,该位置都相同。(Administrators 组的用户可以添加新的变量或更改这些值。cad系统变量cad系统变量是一些系统配置参数,有的像开关,有的是默认值,具体的有许多。具体的查查AutoCAD的帮助文件你就明白了。 cad系统变量大全 cad系统变量大全(变量名称 --说明) acadlspasdoc 0 仅将 acad.lsp 加载到 autocad 任务打开的第一个图形中; 1 将 acad.lsp 加载到每一个打开的图形中 acadprefix 存储由 acad 环境变量指定的目录路径(如果有的话),如果需要则附加路径分隔符 acadver 存储 autocad 的版本号。这个变量与 dxf 文件标题变量 $acadver 不同,"$acadver" 包含图形数据库的级别号 acisoutver 控制 acisout 命令创建的 sat 文件的 acis 版本。acisout 支持值 15 到 18、20、21、30、40、50、60 和 70。 aflags 设置 attdef 位码的属性标志:0无选定的属性模式:1.不可见 2.固定4.验证.8.预置 angbase 类型:实数; 保存位置:图形 初始值:0.0000 相对于当前 ucs 将基准角设置为 0 度。 angdir 设置正角度的方向 初始值:0;从相对于当前 ucs 方向的 0 角度测量角度值。0 逆时针 1 顺时针 apbox 打开或关闭 autosnap 靶框。当捕捉对象时,靶框显示在十字光标的中心。0 不显示靶框 1 显示靶框 aperture 以像素为单位设置靶框显示尺寸。靶框是绘图命令中使用的选择工具。初始值:10 area area 既是命令又是系统变量。存储由area 计算的最后一个面积值。 attdia 控制 insert 命令是否使用对话框用于属性值的输入:0.给出命令行提示 1.使用对话框 attmode 控制属性的显示:0 关,使所有属性不可见;1.普通,保持每个属性当前的可见性;2.开,使全部属性可见 attreq 确定 insert 命令在插入块时默认属性设置。0.所有属性均采用各自的默认值;1.使用对话框获取属性值 auditctl 控制 audit 命令是否创建核查报告 (adt) 文件:0.禁止写 adt 文件 1.写 adt 文件 aunits 设置角度单位:0.十进制度数 1.度/分/秒 2.百分度 3.弧度 4.勘测单位 auprec 设置所有只读角度单位(显示在状态行上)和可编辑角度单位(其精度小于或等于当前 auprec 的值)的小数位数。 autosnap 0.关(自动捕捉);1.开 2.开提示 4.开磁吸 8.开极轴追踪 16 开捕捉追踪 32 开极轴追踪和捕捉追踪提示 backz 以绘图单位存储当前视口后向剪裁平面到目标平面的偏移值。viewmode 系统变量中的后向剪裁位打开时才有效。 bindtype 控制绑定或在位编辑外部参照时外部参照名称的处理方式:0.传统的绑定方式 1.类似“插入”方式 blipmode 控制点标记是否可见。blipmode 既是命令又是系统变量。使用 setvar 命令访问此变量:0.关闭 1.打开 cdate 设置日历的日期和时间,不被保存。 cecolor 设置新对象的颜色。有效值包括 bylayer、byblock...
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...Benefits of CAD in Technical Graphic Communication There are many Benefits to AutoCAD such as time savings, drawing correction and modification, library creation for repeated block insertion and draw sharing. I’m going to explain some of the benefits of AutoCAD. You can tell it has a lot why else would so many people use it. Engineers use to take hours and even more hours with each step of the design process. Engineers know that time is everything the more time you take the more money you make. your boss doesn’t want you to take to much time because he would have to pay to much and you would lose your job. AutoCAD takes away alot of that time because you can store it, copy it, transfer it and so much other stuff just with the click of a mouse. Customizing your AutoCAD eliminates The tasks that you would have to do over and over.(Make AutoCAD work for you by using custom programming to automate many repetitive tasks). AutoCAD (reduces the purchase, deployment and support costs with one complete solution) That put into more words means that without AutoCAD you would have to go to use many applications to do what AutoCAD does. An example of an application that you would need others is Revit. Revit only works with 3D images but AutoCAD works with both 2D and 3D images. (The main benefits of using 3D CAD models and rapid prototyping technologies include: reducing time to market, generating bottom-line savings, Enhancing communication and collaboration Etc). Many different fields...
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...Graphic Communication In the process of Architectural Graphic Communication, Computer-Aided Drafting, or CAD, has become a vital tool. Architects can use can for a multitude of different task, including but not limited to, site plan drawings, floor plans, and elevation views. My understanding CAD and how it operates, Architects are able to create and edit their creations at the click of a button. By using a CAD program, an architect is able to create faster and more accurate drawings. Because of the quickness of creating the drawing, revisions can be made just as quickly and efficiently. Architects have a quick and demanding job and the ability to create drawings quickly and accurately will allow an architect to better manage their time. Using a CAD program can help lower product development costs. Using a CAD program, such as AutoCAD, can help eliminate time-consuming repetitive work and ensure proper adherence to drafting standards. The creation and customization of AutoCAD allows the maintenance of a database that can contain every element in a drawing. Different types of information can be attached to the objects in the drawing. For example, if designing an office with a desk, and it is a desk that has been used in a previous drawing, or design, the architect can easily access that piece of furniture that has already been created to the new piece of work they are working on. This especially comes in handy when working on office buildings or schools, where many rooms...
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...include, but are not limited to; time savings, drawing correction and modification, and drawing sharing. “AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT are the most popular CAD systems in the world, and most CAD managers support at least some AutoCAD seats.”(1) Whether it is a large company or a small firm, when doing architectural drafting time is of the essence, time is money, and time is EVERYTHING. In the past drafters/designers would take hours upon hours during every stage in the design process. From early sketches, to models, to finished product with many revisions and editing hours for each step and more. With the introduction of CAD, drafters are able to speed this process up. “Convert Time into Money in industry. There is no place for the slow technician or engineer” (2). With advances in technology there is the opportunity to customize CAD program specifically for any firm which also makes for a decrease in time on projects. As the timeliness of projects increase there is an opportunity for an increase in work, which ultimately increases the company’s profit and reputation Drawing corrections and modification is not nearly as difficult with CAD as it was in the past when everything was done by hand. Not that some things still aren’t done by hand but more times than not even hand drawn sketches are transferred to CAD. From the first stage of the design process when you identify the customer and the problem all the way thru to the final project drawings and ideas will change and mold as necessary...
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...BASIC DRAWING COMMANDS FOR AUTOCAD Measuring Commands GRID: Displays a grid of dots at a desired spacing on the screen. Command: GRID (enter) On/Off/Tick spacing(x)/Aspect: (enter value) (enter) SNAP: Specifies a "round off" interval so that points entered with the mouse can be locked into alignment with the grid spacing. Command: SNAP (enter) On/Off/Value/Aspect/Rotate/Style: (enter value) (enter) Basic Draw Commands CIRCLE: Draws circles of any size. Command: Circle (enter) 3P/2P/TTR/: (pick a center point) Diameter or : (Pick a point on the circle) LINE: Draws straight lines between two points Command: LINE (enter) From Point: (pick a point using the mouse) To Point: (Pick a point using the mouse) To Point: (Press return to end the command) ARC: Draws an arc (any part of a circle or curve) through three known points. Command: ARC (enter) Center/ < Start point > : (pick the first point on the arc) Center/End/ < Second point > : C Center: (pick the arc's center point) Angle/Length of chord/ : (pick the arc endpoint) Display Commands LIMITS: Sets the size of the drawing paper. For size "A" drawing paper the limits should be set for 10.5 x 8. Command: LIMITS (enter) On/Off/Lower left corner (enter) Upper right corner: 10.5,8 (enter) ZOOM: Enlarges or reduces the display of a drawing. Command: ZOOM (enter) All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Left/Previous/Vmax/Window/: ...
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...Benefits of AutoCAD AutoCAD is a computer-aided drafting software (CAD) application, which was developed and initially released in 1982 by Autodesk. This software enables the architects, cartographers, drafters and engineers to create three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) models of solid and mesh surfaces. The models are made possible by the software ability to offers a robust set of features and automated drafting tools. Prior to its invention, manual drafting and drawing tools such as drafting boards, geometrical set instrument and pencils were used but they only offered a subset of what now is accomplished by the programs such as the AutoCAD. Manual drafting was a difficult task for the professionals since it consumed a lot of time and resources. Therefore, this paper will examine some of the key benefits of the AutoCAD. AutoCAD has led to increasing the productivity of the designer. The AutoCAD software aids the designer in visualizing the final product to be made, its constituents and subassemblies parts. The design can also be given animation to figure out how the final product will work thus giving the designer room for any modification if required. The software also helps the designer in analyzing, synthesizing and documenting the designs. All these aspects ultimately assist in improving the productivity of the designer thus translating to lower cost of designing, faster designing and shortening of the project completion time (Groover & Zimmers...
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...trough Quality Products, system and Services in the field of Energy, Industry, Transportation, Infrastructure and other Potential areas. VALUES : Zeal to excel and for change, Integrity and fairness in All Matters, respect for dignity & potential of individual, Strict Adherence to commitments ensures, speed of response ,and Foster learning, creativity and teamwork. CURRENT SITUATION & EXISTING SYSTEM The Engineering Design department of BHEL prepares engineering drawings, which are then approved by its technology arm before releasing the same for manufacturing. It is a critical process as the technology cell...
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...Museum Paper In this week’s class, we all made a visit to San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Actually, this was my first time to take a tour to a museum in U.S. Museum is a place worth visiting, and it really was a better experience for me. I saw so many artworks in this big museum. Now, I select three of these artworks to share with you. They completely shocked me and gave a deep expression at first sight. First of all, I want to show my favorite one to you. It is called “bridge”, and it was painted by Joseph Stella. He was an American but born in Italy, Stella immigrated to the United States at the age of eighteen, and his paintings always express the shock and admiration he felt as a European who came to Manhattan from an older, more traditional culture. Stella moved to Brooklyn in 1916, and crossed this bridge regularly. He did several paintings of the bridge, all from the same viewpoint. His perspective captures the impression you get when you walk over the bridge. In my opinion, Bridge combines Futurist elements with American subjects, and it was showed me strong technology and modern feeling. From the brief introduction of this artwork, I also saw Joseph Stella's own words about the bridge: "Seen for the first time, as a weird metallic Apparition under a metallic sky…supported by the massive dark towers dominating the surrounding tumult of the surging skyscrapers with their gothic majesty sealed in the purity of their arches, the cables, like divine messages from above...
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...deeds. The main factor of the poor and homelessness is starvation, the need for food is harming the poor’s health and days of life. So, the first thing I would draw would be multiple factories that produce unlimited amount of free artificial and organic food for the dirt poor to aid them in their needs. The poverty in our world is outrageous and in danger of needing help. In my kindness I’d also love to help them by supplying them a home. A creation of multiple apartments in countries who need them the most like Ghana, Nigeria and others located in Africa would be fascinating. Helping others composes my feelings into feeling courteous and grateful for what I accomplish. No better feeling than knowing you rescued multiple human lives. Drawing everything I “want” and do not need is being selfish if I am already living a good healthy life. When you have the power of creating whatever you want you have to cautious and careful into choosing what to draw. The capability of the magic purple crayon is deadly and you should use it...
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...You have 8 steps to drawing a single color illustration. Can you simply explain them? [Rough sketch] For a single illustration, the composition is very important. I have to think about what kind of illustration I want, and what kind of message I want to convey. Because it's only a single illustration, from there the viewer will imagine what kind of scene or story is taking place, so I have to consider the composition and the characters' expressions. (For example, "These two are in the helicopter's searchlight and are being chased across the rooftops...!" or "These two are heading to a formal party♪ They'll be drinking champagne♪") There have been plenty of times when it took me several days to draw countless rough sketches until I made one that I liked (^^; If I don't decide the lines for inking during the rough sketch stage, I'll mess up later on. [Underdrawing] Once I've decided on the rough sketch, I take the paper that I'll do the coloring on and attach the rough sketch underneath, then use a light table to reproduce the drawing. However, even if I trace the illuminated image, I'll never get exactly the same drawing... The characters' expressions that I've spent so much time deciding on will end up changing a little at this stage, so I make some minute adjustments while taking care to not damage the paper. The paper I use is gentle and becomes fuzzy easily, so I have to be very mindful. That's because when you apply color ink to a damaged part, it...
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...many artists that are well known to us these days even though they died many years ago, e.g. Pablo Picasso, Leonardo da Vinci, and Van Gogh. They became famous because of there high quality work that gave an affect on people when they saw the painting. In my opinion not all paintings are thought to be art because some of them do not make sense. Maybe the person who drew it understands what it meant but for me I don’t understand it. The painter should be straight forward when trying to tell the audience something in his painting. Putting many different pictures or shapes in a painting in a weird way makes the quality of it very low without any form of organization. A person before painting should organize his/her thoughts at first so when drawing he/she will have a goal that he/she want to show. The image above is one of my favorite paintings. It is called Leaf Album and it was painted by Chen Hongshou. I liked because it gave me the sense of sympathy and harmony. The colors of it are very soft and...
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