...Steering Behaviors For Autonomous Characters Craig W. Reynolds Sony Computer Entertainment America 919 East Hillsdale Boulevard Foster City, California 94404 craig_reynolds@playstation.sony.com http://www.red.com/cwr/ cwr@red.com Keywords: Animation Techniques, Virtual/Interactive Environments, Games, Simulation, behavioral animation, autonomous agent, situated, embodied, reactive, vehicle, steering, path planning, path following, pursuit, evasion, obstacle avoidance, collision avoidance, flocking, group behavior, navigation, artificial life, improvisation. Abstract This paper presents solutions for one requirement of autonomous characters in animation and games: the ability to navigate around their world in a life-like and improvisational manner. These “steering behaviors” are largely independent of the particulars of the character’s means of locomotion. Combinations of steering behaviors can be used to achieve higher level goals This paper divides motion behavior into three levels. It will focus on the (For example: get from here to there while avoiding obstacles, follow this corridor, join that group of characters...) middle level of steering behaviors, briefly describe the lower level of locomotion, and touch lightly on the higher level of goal setting and strategy. Introduction Autonomous characters are a type of autonomous agent intended for use in computer animation and interactive media such as games and virtual reality. These agents represent a This stands...
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...Science in the Real World The articles I chose to read are as follows Robotic surgery just got more autonomous, Attitudes to new supervised autonomous robot, Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (STAR), which can perform soft tissue surgery. The most detailed article is Smart Robot. In this article it explains in details about the climate putting surgery one step closer into the realm of self-driving cars and intelligent machines. In the other hand the article Attitudes to climate Robot-assisted surgery currently relies on the surgeon to manually control it, and outcomes can vary depending on the individual’s training and experience was easier to understand due to the way it was simply and short written. In Robotic surgery just got more autonomous it speaks about how Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (STAR) performs surgery. The autonomous robotic surgery may one day take human error out of the operating room, improving care for patients undergoing bowel surgery, tumor removal, and other soft tissue surgery. The articles I chose from ITT Virtual Library to read are as follows The Rise of Intelligent Machines PART 2. The most detailed article is the increasing use of artificial intelligence such as self-driving cars, robots, and autonomous machines. In the other hand the article Attitudes to climate the potential benefits and risk of self-driving cars, how robots transform the manufacturing industry in the U.S., such as aircraft manufacturer Boeing Co., and the revolution in military...
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...taxation over representation, the issue on slavery, and now societies current issue, the war on Terror. Whether citizens support it or not, War has become a major aspect of this country due to the fact of the patriotism surrounding the subject and the purpose of serving and defending your country doctrine. In recent years, superior nations such as the Untied States have produced new technological ways of how to conduct warfare without the responsibility of any casualties. In retrospect, these innovative weapons are great because it protects the defense team from casualties and mishaps within war and it “gets the job done”. But with all these positive aspects of these new technologies, are we loosing the concept of war? With the use of these autonomous machines replacing human soldiers in the battlefield, this creates an opposition that war is not against man anymore, it against machine. I feel that warfare is not more just because with the absence of human fighters because it looses true concept of war in a political sphere and ultimately cause more danger...
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...is changing the face of warfare through progressive technology. Unmanned systems are a growing trend on the battlefield. These systems are not designed to provide complete human replacement, but rather to enhance human capabilities. The advantages of such a strategy are immense. Autonomous systems provide capabilities that are not subject to human error. Additionally, the operator has more options available and can be more flexible in dangerous situations. Unmanned systems can react at speeds that are beyond the capability of humans. Not only does this reduce the pressure placed on system operators, but it enables the operator to delegate tasks more effectively. The trend of autonomy can be seen in many robots recently released or currently under development. One example is the Pentagon’s PackBot. The PackBot, which aids US troops in clearing roadside bombs, recently received upgrades that allow it to act autonomously in certain circumstances. When the PackBot loses communication with its operator, it will return to the location where it last had contact. Before the upgrade, the robot had to be retrieved by hand, potentially putting soldiers in harm’s way. While still not fully autonomous, the PackBot reflects the goal of autonomy. It performs a specific function autonomously while eliminating a situation that can put soldiers at risk. Additional upgrades that increased autonomy included the ability of the PackBot to upright itself in situations where it falls over...
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...1:57 AM. I stare blearily at my computer screen, putting the finishing touches on an AP U.S. History essay. My last one earned me a copious amount of red marks, and I felt the need to improve. 2:01 AM. Facebook indicates that I have one notification. I contemplate leaving it, but I convince myself that it would not take long. 2:02 AM. Looking at the notification was a bad idea. It was a video about Yamaha’s new singing robot. As the narrator speaks, the camera zooms into the robot’s face-- her eyes are kindly brown, her hair cropped close to her face in a school-girl fashion. In such proximity, I cannot believe that I am looking at an inorganic being. As she begins to sing, she nods her head, blinking, looking as alive as a child performing for her par`ents. Her voice is rich and cheery; she continually changes her facial features as if she actually feels emotions of the song. For a moment, I imagine she can, but her voice is just as programmed as the rest of her. 2:45 AM. After looking through several videos of humanoid robots, I lay in bed, thinking. Questions run through my mind-- how were their skins constructed? How many muscles did they have, and how were they programmed? Would such robots be available to the market in the near future? Present. I fell in love with the idea of creating a completely submissive life. The ethical and moral arguments of the issue fascinated me. However, the creation of humanoid robots frustrated me. Because they were so expensive and time-consuming...
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...Sony is facing competition from other robot manufacturers, including Honda. It is also facing competition from toy manufacturers selling low-‐end knock-‐offs (e.g., Poo-‐Chi). How should these affect Sony's positioning strategy? "AIBO is not at all intended to replace live animals," said Grace Ann Arnold, spokeswoman for Sony Electronics. "It is technologically designed primarily for entertainment purposes. You can train it and teach it. It does have emotions and instincts built in. But it is not intended to replace animals." "We're keeping in perspective that it's a child's toy," said Rachel Johnson, spokeswoman for Tiger Electronics. "It's fun and exciting and a whole new level of interactive play. But it's not our goal to replace household pets." When firms adopt a reverse or breakaway positioning strategy, there is no pretense about what they're up to. Part of the appeal of their cleverly positioned product offerings comes from explicitly subverting convention through unconventional promotions, prices, and attributes. In contrast, companies that use stealth positioning adopt a covert approach. They conceal the true nature of their products by affiliating them with a different category. This is a powerful strategy for marketers when a category is in some way tainted. Consumers may feel intimidated by products in the category (as can be the case with new technologies); they may be skeptical of the products because previous offerings...
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...Invasion Patrick F. Nagle Delaware Technical Community College Critical Analysis of The Robot Invasion In the article The Robot Invasion by Charles Gillis, it talks about in the not too distant future how robotics will be a part of everyday society, how it will be used in manufacturing and labor industry instead of people for jobs that are dirty, dangerous, and difficult. The author argues that the world will be swarming with the robotics in the future which will change the job industry and even how basic chores are done around the house. The world is changing as the technology of robots are slowly taking over jobs, is not a too farfetched argument. “For many years the work of engineers and sci-fi writers have forecast a time when autonomous machines would become enough like living creatures to share our homes and work spaces.” The statement in this article is a good capture to draw the attention of the readers, drawing them into what they have seen on TV and in the media. Robots for many years have been the focus in movies and sci-fi, this is what we are expecting in the future of our world. This has brought the fears to the people to think that robots will take over the world and do harm on to them, which was a great way to understand that society will have a hard time adjusting or accepting that robots will be used in everyday life. As of right now there already is a little robot called the Roomba helping out in many households with the chore of vacuuming. This robot has...
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...Case Studies in Corporate Sustainability NGO collaboration is most effective when done through organizations like the Business for Innovative Climate & Energy Policy (BICEP) which is an example of an organization that helps businesses collaborate with other businesses on subjects like climate change. These businesses which include companies like Annie's, Aspen Skiing Company, Ben and Jerry's, Nestle, and Patagonia, Inc. work with each other to help create green sustainability plans to manage problems like energy efficiency and renewable energy sources(Fort, Eleanor. "Our Impacts in 2014." BICEP 23 Jan. 2015). There's also organizations like the U.S. Climate Action Partnership (USCAP), which call on the government to enact environmentally effective, economically sustainable, and climate change programs that are consistent with the organizations principles and goals. These types of collaboration between businesses and organizations help build a proven, workable plan of action that helps to control and overcome the effects of climate change and also develop renewable energy sources that doesn't have to be the traditional kind of energy like petroleum products or coal. The idea behind the concept of Free Trade is that producers in developing countries can achieve better trading conditions as well as have the ability to promote sustainability. Dr Bronner's embraced the Free Trade movement in 2005 and made a goal of reaching 95% in the use of organic and certified Fair Trade raw...
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...CHAPTER NO-1 INTRODUCATION The automotive business could be a combination of the various form of corporations and organization together with style, development, producing, marketing, and mercantilism of automobile like automobile, bus. We can call them as automakers. The term AUTOMOTIVE was created from Greek word and Latin word. Greek word autos (self) and Latin word motives (of moving) and same another term AUTOMOBILE were created from Greek word autos (self) and French word mobile (moving). The term AUTOMOTIVE was coined by Elmer Sperry. Today "self-moving" vehicle is engineering magic. Which provide quick means of Transportation. Today people from all around the globe living in "world of wheels. Everyday people depend on their car, bus,...
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...The Future of the Automobile Industry Diala Albirini, Karen DuBois, Missy Habig, Craig Naugle The Future of the Automobile Industry Industry Scope When we first started organizing our thoughts on what to focus on within the automobile industry we found ourselves drawn to the population size and safety features (safety for individuals and for environment). We stimulated our strategic thinking by asking the following questions: What will the automobile industry at large look like in 2025? What trends/shifts will shape mobility in the years to come? What will drive the success of future winners? We quickly realized that our project scope needed to be broader to cover all of the megatrends we indentified and address them as it pertains to specific geographic regions of the world. Cars being mass produced on the assembly line will be a thing of the past. The commercials today for Buick of not ‘driving your father’s Buick’ will even be more pronounced in 2025. In fact, my father would have thought he was living in a science fiction movie! The mantra of ‘have it your way’ will become the mission statement of the automobile industry – both from a consumer and an employee perspective…if they want to remain successful in the industry. Our results? The automobile industry will remain a capital-intensive business model and thus limited in terms of its margin growth. However, over the next fifteen years the automobile industry will remain an exciting place. The industry’s center of...
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...“A driverless car is a robotic vehicle that is designed to travel between destinations without a human operator” (Whatis.com, 2011, September). Plenty of research has been done to explain the benefits of autonomous vehicles. The research covers a wide variety of benefits; however, this paper will bring focus on three major benefits of autonomous vehicles. These benefits will include a reduction in traffic jams, reduced crashes, and increased mobility amongst the disabled. Current theories and research on autonomous vehicles indicate that self-driving cars will reduce congestion. Self-driving cars are adjusted to operate at a particular speed. These cars preserve a regular distance from other automobiles and do much less lane adjustments. According to Bose and Loannou (2003), “if 10% of all vehicles on a given freeway segment are AVs, there will likely be an AV in every lane at regular spacing during congested times, which could smooth traffic for all travelers” (As Cited in Fagnant & Kockelman, 2015). Thus, it has been shown that AVs have the potential to reduce congestion....
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...Challenges in the Business Environment Facing the American Auto Industry The American auto industry has faced many challenges throughout the years since Henry Ford’s first Model T rolled off the production line in 1908. From an initial reluctance on the part of the public, as noted in The Evolution from Horse to Automobile: A Comparative International Study (Chiu, 2008) to more recent challenges such as the repeated oil crises and competition from foreign manufacturers, the automobile industry has had many ups and downs. However, the current business environment may be bringing a challenge that will change the face of the auto industry as we now know it world-wide. For the many decades car ownership has been a given in the United States, as...
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...6 Legal 6 Summary 7 Micro Environmental Analysis 7 Porter’s Five Forces 7 Bargaining Power of supplier 7 Threat of substitutes 8 Bargaining power of customers 8 Threat of New entrants 8 Competitive rivalry 8 Summary 9 Conclusion 10 References 11 Executive Summary With continuous change in technology there is always continuous advancement in life style, and Google Self-drive car is going to be one of the biggest changes among them. This type of autonomous system always leaves long and prominent impact on the society and the environment. The whole world is moving towards more and more robotic systems where people just provide voice command or just a program and robotic system does the task automatically. This car can be a stepping stone towards such autonomous enhancement. There are many big players in auto industry who are trying to come into this futuristic field like BMW, Mercedes, Audi and many more, however Google’s self drive car stands apart in terms of completely autonomous car ‘no human interference’. This actually has some implication where human psychology interferes. Human by nature tries to keep control in their hands and having complete confidence on the machine is little difficult to gain. Saying that it is always the way technology improved and become integral part of human life. From bicycle to airplane, every technology has developed to extent to gain human confidence over machines and let machines controls tasks effectively &...
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...The original idea of the autonomous vehicle dates all the way back to 1939. This happened only fifty-four years after the first car was driven (“Benz Patent”). There was a big event happening in New York City, New York in 1939. At the New York World’s Fair, where the slogan of the fair was “The World of Tomorrow,” and General Motors (GM) pavilion created a ride that was called Futurama (“The Original Futurama”). Futurama was a ride that took its passengers through many small scale cities and towns that represented the future of the United States. While the ride was happening, speakers would be telling the audience facts about what they thought would be in the future. The audience was told about different features that were within the futuristic...
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...There is no legal duty for the user to intervene if they believed the vehicle to be capable of autonomous decision making itself, but there could be a moral duty to order to avoid as...
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