...1. What were the colonial goals of the Spanish, French, and Dutch? How successful were they in achieving those goals? The Success of the Spanish, French, and Dutch colonies at reaching their colonial goals was drastically different. In Spanish colonies a starting mission to find gold left Spaniards empty-handed. They started to build their empire during the mid-1500s, and in doing so made attempts to convert the Indians. This caused for a lot of religious tension, as the Indians never completely converted over. The Spanish were not completely successful in their initial goals specifically because of the defensive Pueblos, particularly during Pope’s rebellion of 1680. The French were less successful in creating a colony but only marginally so....
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...in the Americas. Starting in the Chesapeake Bay area, the English traveled to the North in search of profit and power. The British empire looked for way to decrease the power of the large empires of France and Spain. In 1606, the current king of England created the Virginia Company, starting the voyages and creation of the English empire in the eastern portion of North America. When to Tudor family lost the throne to the Stuarts, King James I, previously James VI of Scotland, came to power. Different from the previous family of rulers, King James I encouraged the thought that only sovereigns answered to God. As he came into to power, the Church of England was divided. The divided Church constituted of reformist Puritans and conservative Anglicans. As a way to create more English power in the Americas, King James I created a joint-stock company, known as the Virginia Company. He hoped to gain profit and to weaken the powerful France and Spain. In May, 1607, the Virginia Company settled the first perpetual colony in Virginia. The men and boys settled near a river about 40 miles...
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...set out to discover what they could, and settle in this unknown territory. The English colonists came to the New World and settled in the New England and Chesapeake regions. The New England colonies developed differently than the Chesapeake colonies due to their differing motivations for settlement, social systems, and economic emphasis. In the early 17th Century the Puritans settled in New England, forming the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The Massachusetts settlers were first and foremost interested in religion. They had come to America to separate themselves from the English Anglican Church and to be able to practice their beliefs freely. As shown by Document B, the first member listed - and therefore the most prominent figure - on one of the ships bound for New England was a minister, underlying the importance the Puritans placed on religion. Accordingly, Document A shows how John Winthrop, Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, desired to achieve the ideal Puritan city, a “city upon a hill,” that provided other Puritan towns a perfect example of what to be like. The settlers wanted to create a permanent religious settlement with a strong sense of a Puritan community in which everyone helped out and was kind to one another. Their shared interest in religion enabled them to get along well with each other and keep their colony organized, with documents such as the Articles of Agreement (Document D). Also, they urged traders and workmen to follow a honorable and ethical code and...
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...Two big colonial societies in the 1700’s were the New England and Chesapeake Bay societies. These societies varied in community and family life, but some similarities arose. In this time indentured servants were also widely used. This led to tension and conflict. This conflict though initiated a flourish of slave use in the in the Chesapeake Bay. The New England colonies consisted of what is now Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine. These New England societies were very highly involved with educated their colonists. Education began at an early age. Massachusetts even made it a rule that if a town had more than 50 houses a teacher was required to teach the children. They were so involved in education they even founded Harvard in 1636. Harvard originally started as a ministry school to train men to be ministers. This stress on education was very important and had a huge impact on the literacy in New England. Compared to other colonies they had a high rate of individuals who could sign their names. 90% of white males could and 40% of females compared to a 50% rate in other colonies. THey even beat out England where only 33% of white males could read and write. Community life was also very important to New England societies and was set up in a unique way. All the towns were organized in the same way. In the center of each community there was a meeting house. The meeting house was...
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...receive their lands that were rich in furs. Bacon’s Rebellion was caused by a man named Nathaniel Bacon who wanted to fight the Natives to kick them off their lands. When the governor of Jamestown, William Berkeley, disagreed with attacking the colonists, Bacon attacked anyways with people who agreed with him. King Philip’s War started when the chief of the Pokunoket tribe died on english territory because of English expansion. Metacom, also known as King Philip, became the new chief and declared war on the colonists of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. However, they were different in the way that each of them ended. The Pequot War ended with a treaty that sold the surviving Pequots into slavery. Bacon’s Rebellion ended when Bacon suddenly died after almost winning. King Philip’s War ended when King Philip was beheaded and the rest of the tribe was sold into slavery. The Pequot War’s lasting impact was that it kept the Native’s from challenging the Northern colonies for another 40 years. Bacon Rebellion’s impact was that it scared the upper-class into using slaves rather than indentured servants who could gain freedom and hurt them. King Philip’s War’s impact was that it became the last major effort...
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...claimed o All along the Saint Lawrence River and later the Mississippi River to Louisiana Importance of Verazzano, Cartier, Champlain, de la Salle. o Verazzano was first to discover New York and claim it for France; has a bridge named after himself o Jacques Cartier sailed up the Saint Lawrence River and founded Montreal (but was considered a failure by the French) o Samual de Champlain founded Quebec City and is known as the father of New France o de la Salle sailed down the Mississippi, founded Memphis and claimed Louisiana (named after Louis XIV) for France 3. English Reasons for exploration o Mercantilism – more land and raw resources for land-starved English, along with the creation of new markets for goods Lost colony of Roanoke (story) o (2nd voyage to Roanoke 1st hitched a ride back with Sir Francis Drake) Sailed to Roanoke and ran out of supplies. John White then sailed back to England for supplies, but was delayed 3 years because of English-Spanish War. When he finally sailed back Roanoke had disappeared with only the word “CROATOAN” left behind. John white/Virginia Dare o John White was governor of Roanoke and artist of Native Americans. Virginia Dare was his daughter and the first European born in the New World. 1st settlement- Jamestown Early problems o people...
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...AMH 2010 Homework 1 Mark your response for each item on the scantron and turn in only the scantron after being sure your name is on the form. The completed scantron is due by the date indicated by your instructor. Scantrons turned in late for any reason will be accepted but will be granted only 50% credit. 1. Scholars estimate that human migration into the Americas over the Bering Strait occurred approximately ______ ago. A. 2,000 years B. 5,000 years C. 9,000 years D. 11,000 years E. 18,000 years 2. The first truly complex society in the Americas was that of the A. Maya. B. Aztecs. C. Incas. D. Pueblos. E.Olmec. 3. Cahokia was a large trading center located near what present-day city? A. St. Louis B. Memphis C. New Orleans D. Baton Rouge E. Detroit 4. Regarding knowledge of the Americas prior to the fifteenth century, most Europeans A. were aware of the travels of the Norse seaman Leif Eriksson in the eleventh century. B. believed the Americas to consist of little more than several small islands. C. were entirely unaware of the existence of the Americas. D. assumed that the Americas were largely unpopulated. E. had only heard of America from the travels of Marco Polo. 5. The preeminent European maritime power in the fifteenth century was A. Spain. B. Portugal. C. France. D. the Netherlands. E. England. 6. Christopher Columbus A. was trained as a sailor through his long service to Italy. B. was a man of little ambition. C...
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...In 1607 the British established their first successful colony at Chesapeake Bay, named Jamestown out of respect for the new king, James I. In the first ten years the death rate in the colony rose to a number between 70 and 80 percent due to Indian attacks and water borne diseases. In 1616 John Rolfe led the movement to make tobacco the cash crop of Virginia, and this addictive commodity sold at an incredible markup. Planters that migrated to the Americas needed laborers to harvest their crops, and, starting in 1619, they frequently used the sturdy beggars of London and Bristol. These able bodied workers, could not afford the transatlantic voyage, and therefore gave up five years of their lives to work as indentured servants on plantations....
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...of slaves different from that of indentured servants? Key People, Concepts, and Ideas Term Significance The Chesapeake Region 40 Small Pox 43 Henry VIII Mercantilism Plantation Colonies Jamestown John Rolfe Powhatan John Smith House of Burgesses Headright System New Netherland The Iroquois The Pilgrims John Winthrop Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson The Salem Witch Trials The Pequot War Metacom’s War Bacon’s Rebellion Chapter 3: The British Atlantic World Essential Questions: How was the development of Pennsylvania different from that of the Massachusetts Bay Colony? Why would Native Americans help the people who invaded their country? Why did the institution of slavery grow in the Southern Colonies at the same time that it was dieing out in the Northern Colonies? How was life different in the three colonial regions (New England, Middle, and Southern)? Key People, Concepts, and Ideas Terms Significance Navigation Acts William Penn Quakers The Glorious Revolution Lord Baltimore John Locke The West Indies The Slave Trade The Middle Passage The Stono Rebellion Salutary Neglect The Currency Act Chapter 4: Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-1763 Essential Questions: How and why did the American Colonies grow apart from their mother country during this era? How did the diversity of the Middle Colonies help to shape their development? How did the Enlightenment change the American’s view of the British government...
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...Urban Indian North America Mourning Wars – When Europeans came over and started interaction and trades with Indians, they affected Indians by brought diseases, which resulted in deaths of large amounts of Indians. Those deaths were devastating for Indians and resulted in mourning wars. When Indian communities lost members to disease or warfare, they often kidnapped neighboring enemies in mourning wars, adopting the women and children into their own community and torturing the men, enacting a ritual form of grief. As an example of a mourning war might be “Beavers Wars” (17 century - about 1640). The smallpox brought by Dutch and English killed huge amounts of Indians ( probably more than a half of the population of Iroquois). The lost of such a big amount of people set the Iroquois with other tribes on a warpath and resulted in a war between Huron and Iroquois. Columbian Exchange – when Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas it set in motion a movement of people between Old and New World. Europeans got interested in Americas and its goods. Columbian exchange was a transfer of people, plants, animals, and disease between the Americas and the rest of the world that began during the time of Columbus ( XV century- about 1493). The Columbian Exchange had an impact on European and Indian life. Many unknown goods were exchanged between colonialists and Indians, such as plans (corn, potatoes), animals (ships, lamas, horses), tools (weapons), which changed life for...
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...Bering strait- earliest settlers to the new world came from Bering Strait. Paleo-Indians- earliest combinations of N. tribes * Survived largely by hunting, fishing, and collecting edible plants. Archaic Era- period beginning approximately 9,000 years ago lasting an estimated 6,000 years. * It was marked by more intensive efforts by ancient societies to shape the environment to enhance food production. Incas- Peru, S. America, very complex political system. * Kept record of deaths and births Mayas- Yucatan peninsula, Central America, and written language and calendar. Aztecs- México, Central America Largest language groups 1. Algonquin- largest spoken language 2. Iroquois- upper New York State 3. Muskogeon- southern most regions of the east coast League of five nations- see notes Effects of Europeans on Native Americans- * Goods- metal, cloth, reintroduced horses, food, Negative- diseases Effects of Native Americans on Europeans * Goods- corn and how to preserve foods Negative- diseases Influence of Islam on early European trade- Impact of Islam on earl African tribes- Muslim introduced the concept of slavery and dominated the slaves in the Mediterranean * Slavery was not based on race but on the losing side Impact of Roman Catholic...
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