...Chinese Banking System- Risk Management Central banks are the principal monetary authority of a country or a group of countries and are crucial to the functioning of all banks, financial markets, and the economy. “Central banks typically expose themselves to variety of risks including market, credit, interest rate and liquidity risk”. (PWC.com). Furthermore, central banks are exposed to significant reputational and operational risks as well as legal risks. Central banks necessitate the combination ofliquidity, safety and the enhancement of returns on invested funds, as the fundamental criteria for managing its reserves and financial risks. Hence, central banks usually implement a separate risk management department that monitors the central bank widerisks. In the Chinese banking system, China Bank Regulatory Commission (CBRC) is responsible for overseeing risk management of all the Chinese banks. The CBRC requires banks to take operative measures to address the weaknesses in their internal controls and improve their risk management and internal control practices.Due to the complicated and changing economic and market environments, both internationally and domestically, along with the emerging risks on various fronts, the CBRC strives to take responsive actions to facilitate sound and sustainable economic and financial developments in China. It endeavors to identify andmitigate risks in a forward-looking manner, by constantly improving the regulatory framework and supervisory...
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...country, China’s banking system is quite different from the banking systems in the western economies. In this essay, after a brief illustration of the development of banking system in China, the recent event of money shortage in it will be discussed. Development of banking system in China “Piaohao” is the earliest Chinese form of bank which appeared in the Qing dynasty (over 200 years ago). It is a firm for exchanging and transferring money, and it also provided deposit and loan services. However, the first modern bank is established by the English in Shanghai in 1845 (Wang, 2008). After the People's Republic was founded in 1949, the modern banking system of china was built and developed gradually. Recently there are 3 major types of bank in the system. First, the central bank, which is The People’s bank of China, operates similar functions as that of western countries. And it is the only bank that can issue Chinese currency (RMB) and unify the national currency (PBC, 2013). The second type of bank is policy banks, which are established by the Chinese government and they are non-profit oriented. The major role of these banks is to provide long-term financing support for economic and trade development and state-invested projects (Wong, 2001). The last type is commercial banks, including state-owned banks, local bank, private bank, foreign bank and other types of small and medium banks (Wong, 2001). In particular, the “big four” state-owned banks of China were ranked as 4...
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...Islamic Banking in Western China Group Paper 3 Group 4 November 6, 2014 Banking in some form has been around for thousands of years. It started small with loans of food or some other valuable product in local villages and has now evolved into the global industry we know today. There is a newer kind of banking that has seen a surge of acceptance from across the world, and that new kind of banking is known as Islamic banking. Islamic banking is a fairly new alternative to western banking, starting in the 1970’s. It is based on Shariah, the fundamental Islam religion. This is a socially responsible way to do banking and allows religion to guide decisions. Interest based transactions are not allowed because they violate Islamic law (Varriale, 2014). Instead, they share profits and losses with the lenders and borrowers of the banks. A few concepts, musharaka, murabaha, and mudaraba, are used in place of interest. Musharaka is when a borrower repays their loan through principal payments and a predetermined percentage of profits. Mudaraba is when a borrower agrees to pay the bank a handling fee if the investment is successful (R.J.C. and A.O.S., 2009). Murabaha is when the bank buys an asset for a customer and then sells it to them on a deferred basis, avoiding an interest-bearing loan. They also offer leasing agreements (R.J.C. and A.O.S., 2009). Islamic banking also requires tangible assets to back up the financial products. This is a much more conservative approach...
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...Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce An open access Internet journal (http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/) Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, April 2009, vol. 14, no.1 (http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/) An Experimental Investigation of Online Banking Adoption in China Guangying Hua, PhD candidate Bentley University, Massachusetts, USA Postal Address: Morrison 324, Waltham, MA 02472 USA Email: ghua@bentley.edu Guangying Hua is a PhD candidate at Bentley University. Her research interests include business analytics, social networking, and issues in IT applications in business area. Abstract Online banking, an Internet based service enabling people to do financial transactions, has been an obstacle for the development of e-commerce in China. This paper investigates the online banking acceptance in China. We conducted an experiment to investigate how users’ perception about online banking is affected by the perceived ease of use of website and the privacy policy provided by the online banking website. We find that both perceived ease of use and privacy policy have a significant impact on user’s adoption of online banking. In this study, we also investigate the relative importance of perceived ease of use, privacy, and security. Perceived ease of use is of less importance than privacy and security. Security is the most important factor influencing user’s adoption. A discussion of the implications of these results and limitations are provided at the end...
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...dependability on banks is in fact making this banking industry highly competitive and concentrated as discussed below. As these industries take their time to analyze the merits and demerits of each bank in the industry and which is likely to benefit them more, the banks on the other hand strive to make their business attractive to those potential customers. What will result is onset of competition that will increase the innovativeness of the banks as each struggle to attract the highest number of industries in form of customers. Attractiveness in Banking Investment Introduction The recent years have seen a rise in large and well-established banks in developed economies. This has raised concerns on the effects such banks will have on the countries’ economy. Many economists are of the view that large banks may have a negative impact on a country’s economy as well as the borrowers. As such, there have been debates on whether or not large banks should be broken up into small banks that have less market power. Scholars from Vietnam and China advocated for the need to break up banks in order to reduce taxpayers and depositors’ risk and enhancing the bank’s leverages level. There are various benefits relating to breaking up banks. As such, China and Vietnam might be right in listening to the claims that large banks should be broken up. This paper will examine this claim in detail by examining whether Vietnam and China banking sector are in trouble or not. This is a fact...
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...of Chongqing University The Fair Value and Its Predictability on earnings in Banking Industry in China Undergraduate: Cai Linling Supervisor: Prof. Lu Jing Major: Finance School of Economic and Business Administration Chongqing University June 2014 摘 要 早在1970年会计原则委员会（APB）报告书中就出现了公允价值这一概念，96年FASB（美国财务会计准则）对公允价值概念重新界定，美国也一直在推进公允价值计量的运用，并且研究得出，公允价值计量可以预测商业银行的盈余信息，这是对公允价值的肯定。而在2006年，中国才对公允价值重新运用，这与国际的会计准则逐渐接轨，但是我们还是得承认公允价值在中国的运用较晚，所以要确定公允价值计量是否满足财务报告的目标，即是否可以预测商业银行的盈余信息，我们将利用美国Brian（2012年）的方法，即用资产负债表法和损益表法预测未来现金流和未来收益的能力，结果显示我国的公允价值计量尚不具备此能力，其原因应当归为我国审慎运用公允价值计量方式、市场开放程度不高和样本量较少，我们对此做出展望，随着市场的进一步开放，并且我国的上市银行逐渐增多，我们将有一定可能性通过分析和实证得出公允价值计量能预测商业银行的盈余信息，这将是中国会计和上市公司的好消息。 关键词：上市银行，公允价值，商业银行，盈余信息 ABSTRACT As early as 1970, the financial report of Accounting Principle Board(APB) has started to mention a theory of fair value.In 1996, Financial Accounting Standards Board(FASB) refined the theory of fair value.At the same time,the United States has been promoting the use of fair value accounting and the study concluded that fair value accounting can predict of future earnings of banking industry which is recognition of fair value. However, China reused the fair value since 2006 which began to meet the international accounting standards.But we have to admit that the use of fair value is late in China. Hence, the study that the fair value is still predictive to future earnings in China is necessary. And in the following study, I would like to use the method of Brian(2012)...
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...CHINA’S PERCEIVED ONGOING BANKING CRISIS By Group B Giang Nguyen 1385858 Kiet Nguyen 1402739 Tu Nguyen 1390178 Ngoc Lo 1329692 Dung Dao 1390184 Hiep Ngo 1385862 Thanh Nguyen 1385991 Anh Nguyen 1390169 Khoi Pham1385967 An assignment for ECO 3353 - Spring term, Dr. Dominic Minadeo Troy University April 30, 2014 Abstract In 2013, China, the second largest economy in the world, has experienced a banking crisis that had severely consequences on China itself and several other countries. This resulted from a rapidly rise of short-term lending from the shadow banking system, which has been considered an unofficial lending market that operates outside the scope of regulations and has recently been plunged into crisis. This paper synthesizes the overall indexes and information about the ongoing banking crisis in China, which includes: recent China economic analysis, how the crisis impacts on domestic and global economy, comparing China’s banking system to several countries in the world and the forecast for China in the near future. How the crisis took off In today’s globalized world, no country is immune from the financial crisis, even the second largest economy of the world. An increase in risky and complicated financial practices in China can possibly drive the economy to a terrible crisis. The financial crisis resulted from a rapidly rise...
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...China’s Banking Sector The Chinese banking sector was almost completely owned by the government and it was isolated from the global economy. Chinese banks were subject to the requirements of their government’s central intended economic policy. Since 1978, the Chinese government has focused on creating a banking system with different types of institutions and agencies that function in diverse markets with clearly stipulated functions. One of the main objectives of the Chinese banking reforms has been to give incentives to the financial institutions to become more aggressive, commercial entities. Such strategy has limited the competition between such institutions and only affects the agencies that perform similar tasks. However, banks in China have not been allowed complete autonomy, and are expected to comply with government directives that who often place strategies to be used by banks to improve their profitability and their solvency. Different classes of banks are currently operating in China, with different structures and serving different functions. First, the wholly state owned banks. Second, “equitized” commercial banks or banks that were wholly state-owned and were turned into join stock firms in which the government is the major stockholder. Third, includes a mixture of local banks, with municipal governments as principal stockholders. Forth, join-stock commercial banks that were founded after the beginning of the China’s banking reforms and with relatively low...
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...Term paper of Ef4461 Topic : Shadow Banking in China Created by Pan Date: 24/4/2015 Abstract: In this paper , I will examine the China’s shadow banking for its potential risks. China, an expansion of risky and complicated financial practices in the world’s second-largest economy , what is the potential risk behind? Introduction: From Bloomberg, the definition of“shadow banking” encompasses risky investment products, lending between individuals, pawnshop and loan-shark operations in emerging markets, as well as more respectable activities like derivatives, money-market funds, securities lending and repurchase agreements at financial institutions These activities are beyond the control regular banking system and regulators. Therefore are exempt from the limited regulations and oversight placed on the traditional banking sector. So it is hard to restrict risky lending for the regulators. In china, savings deposit rates of 3 percent which is lower than the target for inflation, combined with at least 90% of small businesses could not get bank loans which propelled the shadow-banking sector to an estimated $6 trillion. Overview of shadow banking in the world and China There are $75 trillion global shadow banking assets worldwide in 2013 according to Financial Stability Board Report,(Appendix 2). After 2008 crisis, The U.S. and the euro area each accounted for a global shadow banking assets, followed by Britain with a 12 percent share and Japan’s 5 percent share(Appendix3)...
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...In 1865, Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) was founded to meet the demand for local banking facilities in Hong Kong and on the China coast. The increasing and frequent trade was undertaken between Europe, India, and China, which contributes to the extension of the bank. HSBC now is one of the world’s largest banks with extensive international operations. Although the bank rapidly expanded across the globe, HSBC retained a clear focus on China market. In view of these changes of HSBC’s China strategy, it may be instructive to examine how banking environment and police of China changed over the years. Upon China’s accession to the WTO, foreign bank were allowed to enter China’s bank sector. HSBC seized the tremendous opportunity to strengthen its presence in China. This essay will begin by examining the evolution of HSBC’s Strategy in pre-WTO and post-WTO China. Next, It turned to analyse the impetus to these changes of HSBC’ China strategy. In the following part, this essay will introduced the background of HSBC expanding in China’s rural areas and evaluated this strategy from advantages and disadvantages aspects. Having presented the HSBC’s presence and strategy in China, the paper then analyses HSBC’s operating in other emerging markets with the evidence from India and Argentina. Moreover, the data and facts will be provided to evaluate the operation of HSBC during the recent world economic crisis. The further research about the reasons that Asian was identified...
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...value chain: The banking business is customer driven and therefore the banking value chain starts from the market side. The value process starts with advertising a newly developed product or service to the market. Secondly, the product/service is sold to customers, e.g. the credit contract will be signed by the customer. In a third step the product will be provided to the customer, e.g. the credit amount is paid to the account of the customer. Finally the corresponding transactions, like payments, clearing & settlement transactions etc. will be processed. The distribution part of the banking value chain consists of marketing and sales activities. Marketing includes promotion and advertising activities, branding the firm name/products/services and sales support. Sales consists of multichannel management (sales force, internet, call centers, branches), acquisition of customers and offering/pricing. The distribution part of the banking valuechain consists of marketing and sales activities. The value activities from products include the product development process as well as the provision of the product itself, e.g. the payment of the credit amount to the client. All products of a bank can be subsumed under the terms funding, investment and services. The financial intermediation business is reflected in the “funding” and “investment” parts of the product activities. The transactions part of the value chain is processing products and services offered by the banking industry....
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...HSBC in China Case Analyses from Luthans & Doh, In-depth Integrative Case 4.1 Chander ZHU Dec. 2014 IBS_HSBC in China Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation was founded to finance the growing trade between Europe, India and China in Hong Kong March 1865 and month later in Shanghai. (King, 1987) With its longtime settled in China, HSBC is already member of top tier financial institutions operating in the biggest emerging market and been the largest foreign banking group in China. This essay is aiming to exam the strategy of HSBC revolution over the years in China, meanwhile to illustrate the HSBC’s strategy changed before and after China’s accession to the WTO. Then, the strategy of HSBC’s expands in China’s rural areas will be mentioned with both evaluation of advantages and disadvantages. Following, the strategy of HSBC on how to enter and operate in the other emerging markets will be discussed in terms of successful cases and setbacks. Finally, the influence from world economic crisis on HSBC and future potential opportunities for HSBC will definitely be focused on. Before the WTO accession in 2001, China’s banking industry...
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...approach from savers to borrowers. The well financial system can perfect the effect of information, enforcement and transaction cost on the saving rate, investment decision and technological innovation, and steady state growth rate. Financial market channel the fund to investment opportunities to get the profit, so if the financial system cannot work well, the economic growth also more or less affected. The essay mainly gives a brief introduction on the points of financial development and economic growth based on the area of Chinese. The essay mainly talks about the theories relate to the relationship of financial development and economic growth, the determining elements to accelerate the financial development, reform in financial sector in China, and the positive relationship between financial development...
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... Hugh THOMAS Researchers: HE Jia, Hugh THOMAS, ZHOU Chunsheng Research Assistants: WAN Yanyan, SU Jun, MAO Tianshi Part One: Background for Asian Banks’ Competitiveness Study I. Asian Banking Reform Reform has surged across the banking industry in Asia over the last decade. In the large, insular, developing economies of China and India, the reform movement originated with internationalizing and introducing market mechanisms to stimulate previously state-owned systems. In Japan and the other traditionally market oriented Asian economies, the reform was born out of crisis. Japan’s slow and painful, a decade-long recession of the 1990s, following the bursting of the bank-financed real estate and stock markets bubbles, finally led to a consensus on the need for reform. But real urgency did not enter banking reform in Asia until the Asian Financial Crisis struck the smaller, developing, market-based economies of Asia in 1997. In the run-up to the crisis, capital inflows helped fuel debt-financed investment, while stable exchange rates and surging economic growth masked the risks of many loans to leveraged and risky companies, often based more on connections than sound credit analysis. Many banks were profitable notwithstanding corruption, poor control and lax banking practices. In mid 1997, investor sentiment turned against the region, precipitating a drop in asset values, an exodus of capital, consequent pressure on local currencies, abandoning of pegged exchange...
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...Computers in Human Behavior 26 (2010) 1296–1304 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Computers in Human Behavior journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/comphumbeh Antecedents of customer satisfaction with online banking in China: The effects of experience Cheolho Yoon * Dept. of Business Administration, Mokpo National University, Republic of Korea a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t This study investigates the antecedents of customer satisfaction with online banking in China, and explores the effects of experience on the relationships between the antecedents and customer satisfaction. Based on prior research, the six antecedents of customer satisfaction – ease of use, design, speed, security, information content, and customer support service – are proposed, and the effects of experience on the relationships between these and customer satisfaction are analyzed using a structural multi-group (a high-experience group and a low-experience group) model. The results show that design, speed, security, information content, and customer support service have a significant influence on customer satisfaction in the high-experience group or the low-experience group, but ease of use does not have a significant influence on customer satisfaction in either of the groups. Also, the results relating to the influence of the level of customer experience reveal that the effects of design, security, speed, and information content on customer satisfaction were significantly...
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