...The Integration of Baseball & its Effect on Social Movements The integration of baseball during 1947-1959 was a time period where barriers were broken resulting in positive social changes that would alleviate class conflicts. Social changes through integration of baseball helped the Civil Rights movements although its major impacts weren’t made until the late 1960s. Baseball players were praised within the sport of baseball; however, their social status still remained the same. What was the impact of the integration of baseball on the Civil Rights movement and the social status of African Americans? These players did great things to help change the game of baseball, but were not respected by majority of their peers. The challenges that did players had to face were ridiculous. Recognized as superstars on the field, baseball players like Jackie Robinson were looked down upon by society because of their skin color. Therefore, the effects of baseball integration on society was crucial for the Civils Rights movement, but its impact was limited at best for individual baseball players and for the collective African American society since their social status as a whole remained the same. This would lead to residual class conflicts. Even the process of baseball integration was not smooth as some teams embraced integration for various reasons such as competitive advantage or box office potential, but others such as the American League’s old guard faced public pressure to limit the integration...
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...Sports, Youth and Character: A Critical Survey Robert K. Fullinwider* Institute for Philosophy & Public Policy University of Maryland * rkf@umd.edu CIRCLE WORKING PAPER 44 FEBRUARY 2006 CIRCLE Working Paper 44: February 2006 Sports, Youth and Character: A Critical Survey TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION....................................... 3 a. methodological limitations..................... 4 b. conceptual and theoretical infelicities...... 5 II. THE LESSONS OF SPORT......................... 5 III. BASICS................................................ 6 a. too much too early?.............................. 8 b. competition’s role understood ............... 11 c. competition, participation, and fun......... 12 d. not enough?........................................ 14 IV. WHAT CAN WE CONCLUDE?.................... 15 V. THE MICROWORLD OF PARTICIPATION...... 17 VI. APPENDIX A......................................... 19 a. Shields and Bredemeier...................... 19 a.1. moral maturity: what are psychologists looking for?............ 22 a.2. game thinking............................. 24 a.3. moral confusion........................... 25 b. Stoll, Lumpkin, Beller, and Hahm.............. 27 It has been recognized for centuries that sport can contribute to education values that make for the development of character and right social relations . . . . [Within this contribution] there are many intertwined and interwoven threads of influences...
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...Corporate Strategy Analysis Discussion Summary Corporate strategy pinpoints the set of businesses, marketplaces, and productions in which the organization competes and the distribution of resources between those business. There are four basic alternatives when using corporate strategy in the planning function of management. They are conglomerate diversification, concentric diversification, vertical integration, and concentration. When viewing the Destination CEO videos about Southwest Airlines, VF Corporation, Coco-Cola, and Xerox, team D converse and individually summarize the corporate strategy used by each company. When other Airlines tussle to sustain profits due to the growing price of oil and gas, Mr. Gary Kelly CEO of Southwest Airlines succeeded profits to keep the company a float as one of the most money-making airlines in the country. Although he did not want to become CEO, because of the great stress, anxiety, and high pressure of the position, Mr. Kelly turned out to be a very remarkable leader and director. Mr. Kelly would travel in the rear of the airplane speaking to clients while taking notes of their objections and expectations. Team D agreed that Mr. Kelly used concentration strategy to focus on the airline industry to endure the company’s cost-effectiveness. Mr. Kelly ideal was to keep cost low, fly the same 737 aircrafts that way maintenance was easy and routine, and to treat all customers and employees with royalty. This plan helped Southwest...
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...In today’s society women are not allowed to play baseball with men due to patriarchal myths and misconceptions that have been around since the emergence of baseball in America. All women should be able to play baseball with men and there is no legitimate reason why they shouldn't. Women are physically, mentally, and emotionally capable of playing baseball just as men are. With that being said their biological sex or gender should not and does not affect their ability to play baseball in the company of men. In addition their sex should not deem their athletic ability as inferior in comparison to men. Since the adoption of baseball as an American pastime, the sport of baseball has been cultivated and altered to amputate women exuding the masculinity of baseball. The emergence of baseball as popular and profitable sport has failed to acknowledge and highlight the athletic abilities women. Instead its conception has affirmed women to be fragile and it has also depicted women to not have the skills or talents to play and compete alongside men. There are numerous individuals who are opposed to fusion of women and men on the baseball field. These individuals use demeaning stereotypes and beliefs to support their claims. Often these claims are false and are not supported by factual or scientific data. For example these claims say that women are weaker than men, women are not physically capable of playing sports, or a woman's place is in the home rather than on the playing field. These...
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...bats do not produce like metal bats do. The game play is different with each bat. The changes that the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) and the NCAA make for bats for play will have an effect for upcoming students. In High school and college the players get to use metal bats instead of wood. The performance of metal bats is a lot higher than wood. That is why college and high school use metal instead of wood bats. Metal bats have a higher ball speed off the bat, which is the safety issue that the NCAA and the NFHS have right now. There is a new standard for baseball bats which took effect in 2011 which is the Batted Ball Coefficient of Restitution (BBCOR) bats. They have almost the same ball speed off of the bat as a wood bat does, but the metal bat has a bigger sweet spot. A sweet spot is the part of the bat that will give the biggest trampoline effect to the baseball. Metal bats have made scoring runs in high school and college a lot easier than wood bats. The BBCOR bats have had a slight decline in runs and hits unlike the Ball Exit Speed Ratio (BESR) bats. The change from BESR bats to BBCOR happened in 2011. BESR bats had to high of a ball exit speed off of the bat; they changed it because there were too many kids getting injured. The number of kids that have been injured has gone with down with the BBCOR bats. With using wood bats they break which also would create a safety hazard. Maple bats split into two or three pieces and go flying. So there...
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...history, games were considered a religious ritual. In early Roman days, there were chariot races and gladiator games including athletes that represented different states. The need for competition between competitors was enthused all over the world. Adults as well as children idealized the monumental courage and determination of great athletes. Although history tells that role models were considered not only heroes in their own right, but also major contributors. People who emulate and adore sports personalities question whether or not if it is worth the debate. Over the past 25 years, Olympians have been accused of and were later found guilty of using performance enhancing drugs. There is a considerable amount of prominent sports figures in baseball, football, and other sports who will continue to get backlash as a result of their misbehavior. In addition, athletes have made many contributions are hard-working, motivating, people who understand that...
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...Hayden Liljenquist ENG 102 Dr. Pegram July 31, 2012 Team Effort: The Communities Created Through Sports Introduction Within today’s society, a number of small, unique communities exist. Communities can range from social, to religious, to occupational. In order to be considered a separate and distinct “community,” the group needs to share common characteristics or interests and be perceived as distinct from the larger society as a whole. Sports teams provide a particularly good example of a community. They separate themselves by the games they play, even by the name they call themselves. The entire world of sports itself can seem confusing to someone who doesn’t understand the rules. Behind each game is a complex realm of jargon, hierarchy, and guidelines. In order to play, you need to learn. And hopeful members work to earn their spot on the team. Through personal participation, as well as observation, one can witness for themselves just how the community created by a team functions. The team experience resonates with a lot of people, and has attracted film makers with stories of motivation, hope, and overcoming the odds. Many of the most well-known sports movies are often even inspired by true stories. In all of these films, similar themes can be found, demonstrating just how much the feeling of community within teams is shared throughout all areas of sports. Teams have a goal, face a challenger, and overcome obstacles, all in the hope of...
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...Salvation and redemption are the themes of a fiction story along with how an individual can “attain-a fail or gain”. written Tom Perrotta, called Happy Chang’s Face. ! In this story Jack (the main character) is an umpire for the Little League baseball. He has a wife and children living in the same house before his sins drive them away. Jack is not a bad individual, he only made wrong decisions. Good people don’t always make the right choices; once in a while they slip up and stray away from the good path they were on. Bad people will always make bad choices and will do terrible actions to others without redemption or regret. Jack has accepted his mistakes, regrets them, and tries to redeem himself. Jack made wrong choices in his life with his family and job. His actions toward his son had the biggest effect on his realize to change. Jack has a wife and two kids, one is a son and the other is a daughter. Jack was very worried about his son and his sexuality so much that he forced his son to play baseball. Jack believed that putting him to play baseball and wearing the uniform would cause him to become manlier in a sexuality sense. He was so worried about the future he would, in fear that his son was a homosexual. He thought so much of how he walked and talked. Jack observed he interest for his wife’s jewelry and heals and relieved how queer he was. One day all he emotions got carried away so much to point where he punched his son. “He was the one who threw the first punch,...
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...similarities in softball and baseball By: Jennifer Wallace Baseball and softball are similar in many ways but at the same time very different. To begin with, they are both played on a ball field, known to most baseball or softball players as the ballpark. The ball field for both consist of four bases that form a diamond. Both are played by boys and girls of all ages. While softball and baseball are similar they differ in the size of the ball, the way the ball is pitched, and the length between the bases. A standard baseball for all ages of players is about 9 inches (22.86 cm) in circumference and weighs about 5 ounces (141.75 g). Softballs can vary depending on the age group and the type of softball being played, with standard fast pitch softballs being about 12 inches (30.48 g) in circumference and weighing about 6.5 ounces (184.27 g). A standard slow pitch softball is about 11 inches (27.94 cm) in circumference and weighs about 6 ounces (170.1 g). In addition, many softball organizations use a bright yellow ball, but baseball organizations almost always use white balls. Some people might say that the reason a softball is bigger is because girls need the ball to be bigger so they can hit it, but that is not the case, there are a couple reasons why a softball is bigger than a baseball: First, is because the softball field is smaller and does not have grass in the infield to slow the ball down. If softball players used baseballs, then the game would...
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...management so that this situation can be avoided if possible in future. 2. What, if anything, could Palmer have done to avoid losing Olds? Palmer should have engaged in a conversation with the Project Sponsor to explain the importance of having Olds on the Johnsonville Project, which may have encouraged Crosby to look for another suitable employee. Considering the basic nature of the Johnsonville project and the high profile status of Crosby’s project, it makes more sense for Olds to move to Crosby’s project keeping the company’s goals in mind. In addition, Crosby seemed to be relationship oriented, indeed he gave his team some rewards such as lunch at a good restaurant, game of golf, tickets to the baseball games. In contrast, Palmer refused to let Olds leave early for a baseball game which might have soured his relationship with Olds. Palmer should have had a dialogue with Olds when he saw that there was tension at home due to Olds’ after hours and tried to come up with a solution. For example, bringing in a junior employee to help Olds in the not so critical tasks so that he did not feel overburdened, try to...
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...Baseball Magic - In the article "Baseball Magic" by George Gmelch, it talks about how players and their rituals they perform before a game. The whole idea is to show how two different cultures, American Baseball and the Trobriand Islanders both have the same idea same idea. That idea being that if you change,your way of doing something it ultimately ruin you. Keeping things the same will keep your luck the same. The article talks about rituals, how Dennis Grossini, a Detroit Tiger pitcher, would do everything the same on game day. Dennis would wake up at the same time, eat lunch at the same time, in fact he would eat the same lunch. All this was to win the game, he think that if he lives every day the same way he did the day he won. That the outcome will always be the same. Some may think that this is just stupid, but in reality it may work. By touching your hat or shirt, it relines your hand to where it was when you threw the strike. A ritual for me that in high school before we went on stage to do a play we would all have to jump up and hit the sign above the backstage door. The article also talks about taboo, to where players cannot say a certain word or it will break the luck of another player. The one mentioned in the book is when people say "no-hitter" around the pitcher, it there for makes him throw horrible from then on. In theater people say "break a leg" instead of good luck. Taboo for me is every time I slam on breaks or almost get in a wreck. I say the words...
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...Although many argue that the answer to the question “how could the world be a better place?” should be left to intellectuals, politicians or scholars, I believe that the best answer to this questions is demonstrated by 60,000 baseball fans. Fans at a baseball game do not merely provide support for the home team, but also a metaphor for life. Specifically, the actions of the spectators at a game illustrate the selfish desires of human nature as well as a possible answer to improve life for all. For example, when I attend a baseball game, I notice that many fans have individual aspirations for success beyond which team wins the game. It appears that ultimate desire of a baseball fan is to be featured on the Jumbo-tron, the oversized television screen located within the stadium. Many fans believe that the Jumbo-tron brings everlasting happiness and glory to any featured on its oversized screen. However, while the Jumbo-tron allows some to rejoice in their fifteen seconds of fame, I have noticed that it also has a dark side. At times the Jumbo-tron arouses hidden feelings of jealousy towards those like Joe Jones, from section 435 row G seat 1, when he wins a free tub of extra large nachos and his success is celebrated on the large screen in center field. While some fans completely disregard the aspirations and desires of others just so their individual goals can be met, there is always one courageous fan that stands up and represents the coming together of people in order to achieve...
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...What will the sports and fitness industry look like in five years? The sports and fitness industry has come a long way and will continue to grow in the next five years. We will see the gap between the manufacturer and the customer shrink to the benefit of both parties. Also, manufacturers will continue to capitalize on breakthroughs in data collection technologies in order to fulfill the demands of their data hungry customers. With these new analytical tools, we will continue to see more and more innovative solutions to problems that were previously unknown or undefinable. Another opportunity for the industry to grow is by the acceptance that our bodies, our actions, our sports, and our lives are not perfectly symmetrical. Increasingly, companies are braving the extra effort and manufacturing challenges to make their products asymmetrical to more accurately fit the real world needs of the user. I suppose the first ever example would have occurred a few thousand years ago when cobblers began making left and right-footed shoes. It was not until just a few years ago that the same concept was successfully applied to socks! Nike Elite socks exploded on the scene with great success despite a high price point. This is one example of many across the world of sports and fitness. While Nike was fortunate to grab this low hanging fruit, it is safe to say that future innovations will require a more technical approach. In closing, if a company wants to thrive in this competitive...
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...I chose to further examine the film Hoosiers from week 13 of class. After reviewing the film I will compare it with chapter 13 of Major Problems. Hoosiers really caught my interest as a great underdog story and that is why I chose to further study the 1986 classic. I always had heard people talk about this movie but I had never seen it. In this paper I will discuss the historical period Hoosiers is set in, compare and contrast major themes from the week, and evaluate the film based on its effectiveness. Hoosiers is a fictional movie that is actually based on real events in a small town in Indiana. It is based on a true story but does change some of the truths, as evidenced by the ESPN article. The message I gathered from the film was that anything is possible if you can work hard and accept change. The little town of Hickory was very set in its ways and uncooperative of the new basketball coach. Once the town and players learned to accept something different, the team flourished. The argument the film presents is to never count someone out. No matter how small a school or town is, hard work can trump talent and compete with the big boys. The message of acceptance resonates with the viewer and is most likely why Hoosiers is so highly regarded as a sports movie. The historical period that Hoosiers is set in is 1952 rural Indiana. In this time period, people are more centralized around common goals and the entire town knows when someone moves in. There are no...
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...College apps From a young age I have always had a passion for athletics. From baseball to football, I was in love with the activities. Although baseball has a special place in my heart that could never be filled. From the tee ball leagues, i put my heart and soul into the sport, and sadly never recieved anything in return. I could never say i didnt enjoy my time playing, but I could say that all the events that came from baseball started a long road filled with obstacles and challenge at every corner. Without this path my life would be completly different, nor do i believe i would be as happy as i am now. Throughout my childhood i played on several different travel and recreational leagues for baseball. Honestly i would still be playing if it wasnt for one fateful game in my 8th grade year of middleschool. it was the fall season for travel ball and i was playing a scrimmage in the pre season against a fairly easy team. During the 4th inning i was switched into right field, were my baseball career would change forever. Long story short i was sent falling backwards going for a pop fly, and landed on my throwing wrist causing a buckle fracture. Sadly this ruined my ability to throw a baseball as i could before, I could no longer play the sport that meant absolutely everyrthing to me. This led to a sad state of depression, which caused me to become very inactive and gain alot of weight. I had no idea what to do what myself anymore, I felt a loss of purpose. Some time passes and...
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