...As a Cypress College student and a member of the marketing team, we announce the cheering event for the Baseball team of Cypress College, Chargers who advanced to state championship semi-final. We are currently hired to create a float for the Rose Bowl that cheers for the team and represents the spirit of Cypress College. Right now we have four members of this project and about three weeks to finish it. Therefore, we need to action more quickly in order to follow the schedule. We divide each part to each person, and make a meeting every two days to see the process of what we were doing. For the first two days, all members will collect ideas from sources on the Internet. Our ideas will be a float of a horse that represents the Cypress Baseball...
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...Baseball, Steroids and Business Ethics: How Breaches of Trust Can Change the Game: Knowledge@Wharton (http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1902) Baseball, Steroids and Business Ethics: How Breaches of Trust Can Change the Game Published : February 20, 2008 in Knowledge@Wharton The day after former Senator George Mitchell released his damning report on performance-enhancing drugs in Major League Baseball last December, President George Bush, a former baseball-team owner himself, seemed to speak for many disgusted fans when he pronounced, "Steroids have sullied the game." The Mitchell Report fingered 89 professional ball players, but many of these allegations were nothing new for baseball watchers. Game of Shadows, a 2006 exposé by a pair of investigative journalists, and Juiced, a 2005 tell-all memoir by player José Canseco, described a world of professional baseball rife with performance-enhancing drug abuse. The ongoing scandal, which first surfaced in the late 1990s, has bubbled on for a decade, leading commentators to label it the "steroids era." With fans aware of such egregious bad behavior, why has attendance at Major League Baseball games reached record-breaking highs during that same time period? Are baseball's "consumers" impervious to the ethical lapses of their teams? No, say Wharton professors, but the case demonstrates how bias, competition and a lack of oversight worked together to create an ethically toxic atmosphere. This is a single/personal...
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...final analysis. This data can be shown in different formats such a graphical or tabular. Team A has chosen the Major League Baseball (MLB) data set and feels the population and the type of data collected will provide good resources for surveys to make informed decisions. Team A will review the types of ways data can be shown as well as some of the ethical issues that researchers may run into. Our research involves looking at the 30 MLB teams in how the statistics vary. The data set is a accumulation of information that includes what league they are in, the year of erection of each stadium, capacity of each stadium, salary of the team, wins for the season, batting average, attendance, earned run average (ERA), stolen bases (SB), and home runs (HR). The sample for this research topic is very sufficient. It includes all the teams in the league and portrays the same information for all of the teams. The population (teams) and the categories listed in the data set will provide Team A the information to complete our research into whether or not a higher salary will make a team better. In reviewing the article titled “Work Incentives and Salary Distributions in Major League Baseball,” the author, Brandon Avrutin, discusses the relationship between the payroll and the performance of the team. According the Avrutin, “the more equally the payroll distribution is among team members, the better the on-field...
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...Springfield Nor’easters: Baseball Springfield Nor’easters Case Study II Analysis Dr. Philemon O. Oyewole 1206 AMBA 650 1131 Gregory V. Brown Introduction Mr. Buckingham is a Marketing Director for a newly formed minor league baseball team located in Springfield Massachusetts. Mr. Buckingham has previous experience in marketing; however he was very inexperienced when executing the marketing plan for a baseball team. He started his research by using a survey conducted by a nationally noted firm in 2005. The results supported that the households with school aged adolescents were the type of consumers that were more likely to attend various sporting events. A significant statistic that he obtained verified from the survey confirmed that approximately 82% of the market in the Springfield area had incomes ranging from $22,500 to $75,000 (case study, exhibit 5). In an effort to ensure that the market was canvassed correctly, he needed more than three year old data to confirm a target market. Though the 2005 data was a good starting point, to complete a good analysis he need current data. Mr. Buckingham has a limited marketing budget, so the information will need to be specific and directed toward maximizing profits for the up coming season. How was Buckingham going to collect the appropriate information with limited resources? The objective was to predict how many people would come out to...
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...Case Executive Summary Learning Team A Johnny Reed - Problem Statement & Analysis Sophia Myron - Hypothesis & Hyperlinks Ron Hunter - Limitations/Assumptions & Advantages of Statistical Analysis Justin Hartman - Graph & Workplace Examples Austin Rentsch - Conclusion & Recommendation Research and Evaluation II (RES/342) University of Phoenix August 10, 2009 . Problem Statement In business, the ultimate goal for most companies is to make a profit. In order to achieve profits, companies need people. With the world being full of varying and competitive candidates to fill positions, companies need to approach their desired staffing core with a cost benefit mindset. Although some consider baseball just a sport, baseball is also a business. Considering baseball as a business and considering that major league baseball has 30 teams, formulating a cohesive team that can produce the most wins and conduct a successful season is a goal that can mean profits for the team owners. Based on the data set provided, 53% of the teams spent less than the league’s salary means and had equal to or more than the league’s wins and losses mean. At the .05 level of significance, is it conclusive that 53% of the baseball teams that spent less than the salary means did in fact, have more wins...
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...The Billy Beane Case Study 1. Based on the “Billy Beane: Changing the Game” case, explain how and why the Oakland A’s economic situation after 1995 shaped its: a) Compensation strategies In the world of major league baseball, the Oakland A’s defied the laws of baseball economics. The team spent only $34 million (the 2nd lowest payroll) had won 102 games and lost only 60 in 2001. On top of this, they finished first in their division and made the playoffs. Major baseball teams would hire high school players rather than college players. This made high school players costly. The Oakland A’s strategy is to hire college players to save on resources. They argued that college players have already gained substantial exposure and competition. Beane would recruit new drafts and sign them for less than the going rate. Because of budget constraints, the Oakland A’s recruited Scott Hatteberg, he played six years with the Boston Red Sox’s. He got injured and lacked the prowess in throwing the ball effectively. Hatteberg was, according to the Boston Red Sox’s, a lame player and did not sign him again. With this, Hatteberg’s monetary value diminished and that is why the Oakland A’s recruited him at a much lower salary (because there were no other takers). Unknown to the other baseball teams, Hatteberg is the missing puzzle in the Oakland A’s team. The Oakland A’s noted that Hatteberg had an uncanny knack for getting on base. Management could no longer afford to pay market or above...
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...Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game The Oakland A's, under the management of Billy Beane, found a gap in the baseball skills market that existed because most baseball scouts and managers used traditional methods of selecting players that were outdated and had little relationship with skills that brought success to teams. Traditionally, baseball scouts mainly used batting averages (BA) and Runs batted in (RBI) to sign new players. On-base percentage (OBP) was used too, but it was not given as much premium as RBI and BA. Thus, when looking for players, almost all scouts went for players that scored highly on BA and RBI while ignoring those that scored highly on OBP but had low scores in BA and RBI. However, through analysis of massive amounts of data and reading Bill James’ series of baseball books Baseball Abstracts, Beane and his assistant, Paul DePodesta, found that OBP was the most important factor that determined a team’s success and not BA or RBI. Since OBP was not valued highly in players by most baseball scouts, Beane and DePodesta discovered that they could build a successful team of players with high OBP score but whom, because most top baseball teams had ignored them, could be paid much lower salaries than their counterparts could in big teams such as New York Yankees. Therefore, they could create a successful team on a much smaller budget than their competitors. Thus, the opportunity that Oakland A discovered was set up by scouts placing less premium on...
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...In the case study of the Kansas City Zephyrs Baseball Club, Inc. Bill Ahern the arbitrator was assigned to resolve the issue on the parties’ agreeing on the true profitability of the major league baseball teams. Both Zephyr’s owners and players disagree on three different areas: a) Roster depreciation, b) Overstated Player Salary Expense which entails current signing bonuses, roster salary, amortization of and non-roster guaranteed contract expense; and c) Related-Party Transactions (Stadium Operations). Roster Depreciation The owners recognize depreciation of a value placed on the player roster at the time the baseball club was purchased apparently because tax rules allowed them to do so. Tax rules allow this value to be set arbitrarily at a maximum of 50% of the purchase price. According to the owners the depreciation is capitalized and is being depreciated over six years. The players do not feel that any roster depreciation should be shown. They believe that the roster depreciation is providing numbers without any significance. The players further argue that depreciation expenses only arise when a team is sold therefore there can be two identical teams that reflect different results if one was sold and the other was not. Moreover, the players argue that rosters should appreciate not depreciate as players become more experienced with time. Economically speaking a baseball clubs’ most valuable asset is its player’s rosters and they obviously appreciate and depreciate...
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...Also, at present, WritePoint cannot detect quotations or block-quotes, so comments in those areas should be ignored. Please see the other helpful writing resources in the Tutorials and Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence. Thank you for using WritePoint. Joseph Reese University of Phoenix RS341 Rick Benito March 06, 2011 Everyone always wonder if Major League Baseball player salaries are efficient with the performance a player is putting out. As mentioned from the Longitudinal Field Assessment of Equity Effect on the Performance of Major League Baseball Players. Player performance can rise or decline based on how the player thinks he is treated . Studies have shown that players were more reluctant to perform at a higher level because of contract status. Players were also aware that by playing until their contract was completed, other teams would be willing to bargain with them for a contract with better incentives. Although the light may look brighter on the other side of the tunnel, studies have shown that once a player receives the contract...
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...Regression Analysis 8 Executive Summary This report is to determine whether total team payroll for major league baseball teams directly varies with each team’s home attendance. This is an important statistical analysis because if we can prove that there is a relationship between salary and attendance then we can see that more fans in the stands will give a team more buying power when it comes to signing players. Dataset The independent variable is team payroll and the dependent variable is team home attendance. Each team plays 81 home games. The dataset consists of 30 Major League Baseball teams from the 2004 season. Data Observations For the independent variable: The arithmetic mean for home attendance is: 30,453.67 The median for total home attendance is: 31,499.50 The standard deviation for total home attendance is: 8,132.28139 The minimum for total home attendance is: 14,052 The maximum for total home attendance is: 50,499 For the dependent variable: The arithmetic mean for total payroll is: $73,052,363.27 The median for total payroll is: $66,191,416.50 The standard deviation for total payroll is: $33,672,116.60 The minimum for total payroll is: $29,363,067 The maximum for total payroll is: $208,306,817 Statistical Analysis Team A has chosen to utilize a simple regression technique with the given data. There are currently no possible additional data points to...
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...Kansas City Zephrys Baseball Club, Inc. Case Study Issue: The PBPA believes the OPC should share with the baseball players the profits of the major league baseball teams Who is right? & Why? Roster depreciation Regarding roster depreciation, I would agree with the PBPA lawyer, Mr. Hanrahan, that depreciation expense should not be included in the income statement of the team since there are no plans on selling the equipment, only plans of sharing profits with the team players. Besides, experience can definitely add value to the team and increase revenue for the team. The better the players become, the better the games, the better the games, the greater the audience. Who is right? & Why? Overstated player salary expense Spreading players’ bonuses over the length of the player’s contracts would effectively reduce the Salary Expense per year for the team and better distribute salary expense over the player’s contract, but that would effectively defeat the purpose of the bonus. In my opinion, the transaction has to be recorded when it happens. Those bonuses are paid in the signing year of the player to motivate the player to play good. Changing this would be a very controversial issue since many players may want to get their bonus in advanced. Although, I don’t agree with distributing the player’s bonuses over the life of the contract like Mr. Hanrahan proposes, I would definitely agree with him that right thing to do is to report only the Salaries paid to the players...
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...Overpaid Baseball Players When addressing the value of entertainment, there is without a doubt, that we as a society value entertainment highly. But there is no reason that these athletes, who are here to merely entertain us, get paid higher wages than those that save our lives and teach us such as medical doctors and teachers. Professional athletes do not offer society an essential function that improves or enhances our world in comparison to other professionals. It is my claim that professional baseball players are paid more than they are worth. Economics is the key to understanding why these athletes earn such tremendous salaries; still, it fails to explain why they actually do deserve it. Giving athlete’s high wages doesn’t only distort them, but also bring downfall to clubs and the country’s economy. The growth and the development of a sport may be reflected from the wages of the athletes and that is all it does. In conclusion, Team owners pay more to keep athletes on the team to be on a winning streak, but whether the drive to win is justifiable remains in doubt. The economic system involving sports, corporate America, and the media is an interdependent one. Athletes make huge sums of money paid to them by owners who make even larger sums of money. Agents, free agency, and other phenomena keep athlete salaries rising. So, too, does increased ticket sales to games, increased TV viewership, enormous media contracts, TV advertising, and corporate sponsorship and endorsement...
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...during triple-A minor league baseball games. Minor league baseball has always been associated with family entertainment, and game enhancements, such as walk-up music for players, have been utilized to increase overall fan satisfaction. Walk-up music is a short clip of music that is played as a player approaches the batter’s box or the pitcher’s mound. 30 triple-A minor league teams were contacted and were questioned about their policies regarding their use of walk-up music during games. Using qualitative collection methods, this research primarily focuses on the reasoning behind front office decisions to allow players to select their own walk-up music that will utilized during home games. Information gained through a survey that was conducted during the interviews of 30 triple-A minor league baseball teams will add useful insight to future investigations that are focused on the affects of walk-up music at the minor league baseball level as well other levels of competition. Though trying to rule out extraneous variables that may affect fan satisfaction will be difficult, the investigators believe that the information gained will be beneficial to future researchers, and will hopefully be a foundation to more extensive research on the affects of music in correlation to fan satisfaction. Introduction One of the most important advances in consumer research is the recognition that people are more responsive to music that they may like. In most cases the place, or more specifically...
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...Significant evidence will be provided to prove that duties and workmanship of a heart surgeon are more strenuous than that of a professional athlete. The evidence provided will prove that doctors and surgeons should be paid more and have a higher "hero" status that that of a professional athlete. Professional athletes are involved in an economically profitable business. They are appreciated by millions of fans. Many of these athletes have made names for themselves in households around the country. The professional athlete has a lifestyle that many people can envy. The average major league baseball salary is $3.31 million. It is amazing that a professional baseball player can make millions of dollars for playing a game that he has enjoyed since his childhood. No formal education is needed to become a professional baseball player. Education should be prerequisite for any career including baseball. A professional athletes' job is seasonal. Therefore, the self-sacrifices and time away from home can be compensated in the off season. Being a professional athlete is a dream for many aspiring young athletes. It includes fame and fortune, and seasonal work that pays millions. Professional athletes have been graced with an extraordinary gift, which is very...
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...® Academy of Management Journal 1999, Vol. 42, No. 1, 25-40. THE PERFORMANCE EFFECTS OF PAY DISPERSION ON INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANIZATIONS MATT BLOOM University of Notre Dame Pay distribution research is relatively scarce in the compensation literature, yet pay distributions are viewed as critically important by organizational decision makers. This study is a direct test of the relationship between one form of pay distribution—pay dispersion—and performance conducted in a field setting where individual and organizational performance could be reliably observed and measured. Findings suggest more compressed pay dispersions are positively related to multiple measures of individual and organizational performance. Among those who design and administer compensation systems, pay distributions have been an important issue for a long time, yet they have been studied relatively infrequently in the compensation research literature (Gomez-Mejia & Balkin, 1992; Meyer, 1975; O'Reilly, Main, & Crystal, 1988). The term pay distributions refers to the "array of compensation levels paid for differences in work responsibilities, human capital, or individual performance within a single organization" (Milkovich & Newman, 1996: 45). Although there seems to he agreement that pay distributions influence individual and organizational performance, there is little agreement over how or why they matter (Gerhart & Milkovich, 1992). In fact, there has been disagreement in the theoretical literature about the...
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