...programs. They perform basic tasks and recognize the input from the keyboard and output to the display screen. They keep track of files stored on your computer and control disk drives and printers. (Beal, N.D) There are five basic functions of an operating system. They are: * Booting the computer * Performing basic computer tasks like the mouse and keyboard * Provides a user interface such as a command line or a graphical user interface * Handles system resources such as a computer’s memory * Provides file management which is the way the operating system manipulates, stores, finds and saves data (N.A., N.D.) The difference between Windows, Linux and Mac OS is that windows is designed to run on PC’s. All three are operating systems, but the internal architectures are different in each. And PC’s are very inexpensive for a basic model. (Sinoun, 2011) The Windows operating system is pretty versatile, and can be installed on PCs having variable amounts of resources. There are versions of Windows that can be installed on PCs having as little resource as 233 MHz processor and 64 MB RAM. Windows users get good choices for their operating systems, based on the system resources they have. An even greater benefit of Windows users is the user-friendliness of the operating system. The graphical user interface is surprisingly easy to work with, and many complicated tasks on Windows can be performed with a few clicks of a mouse only. (N.A, N.D) Windows was originally a GUI...
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...Running head: Linux Systems Exploring Linux Operating Systems Student College Exploring Linux Operating Systems Much like Windows OS and the OS X for the Mac, Linux is an operating system that was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991. Linux is traditionally a command line system as opposed to the GUI that many home computer users are more accustomed to. Linux uses a prompt where various commands and arguments are used to navigate the system and directories. One cannot point and click an icon in order to execute a program, in Linux the command line is like typing out the directions for your computer so it knows exactly where to look. Linux is being utilized in many different applications from business databases, cell phones, and even the New York stock exchange. Linux, however, is hardly considered a “personal computer” OS because of its limitations in personal computing. Although a Linux GUI desktop does exist, the command line interface is considered an advanced program and not for the faint of heart. Linux however holds many advantages in database software, server maintenance, code development and computer programming. The Linux “language” is close to coding language and the kernel is more secure than, say, the Windows Kernel. This advantage is encouraging to businesses and anyone else looking to keep or store sensitive data. Linux is a solid OS to use when handling such information when confidentiality is key. Like the other OS there are different means for file editing...
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...Course Description This course is a survey of the UNIX® operations. The student will gain an understanding of the internal operations of the UNIX® system, which enables the user to make efficient use of files, file systems, and processes. Commands for efficient management of UNIX® system files, file systems and process, systems administration and security are also examined. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Blum, R. (2008). Linux® command line and shell scripting bible. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley. Love, P., Merlino, J., Zimmerman, C., Reed, J. C., & Weinstein, P. (2005). Beginning Unix®. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley. Software RedHat Linux 5 (Virtual Desktop) Article References Ahmed, M. F., & Gokhale, S. (2009). Reliable operating systems: Overview and techniques. IETE Technical Review, 26(6), 461–469. Anthes, G. (2009, June 20-July 27). UNIX turns 40. Computerworld...
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...Lecture 1 – Linux introduction and basics Module 1. Linux introduction ♦ Linux distributions ♦ Linux kernel What is a Linux distribution? ♦ it is a collection of applications, packages, management, and features ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ that run on top of the Linux kernel. The kernel is what all distributions have in common (it is sometimes customized by the distribution maintainers) If they are all “Linux”, why are there so many different names, and which do I choose?” You may have heard names like Red Hat, Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu Distributions differ in several ways, and three of the most important are: ► ► ► Purpose Configuration and packaging Support model What’s a kernel? ♦ As you already know from the Operating Systems course ► the kernel is the core of all computer operating systems ► is usually the layer that allows the operating system to interact with the hardware in your computer ♦ The kernel contains software that allows you to make uniform use of ► hard disk drives, ► network cards, ► RAM, ► and other hardware components. ♦ In the Linux world, the kernel is based on code originally developed by Linux’s founder, Finnish developer Linus Torvalds. Back to distributions – Purpose, Configuration, Support ♦ Purpose ► Different distributions are often designed for different purposes and provide different user experiences. ► Some distributions are designed as servers, others as desktops, and some are designed to perform particular functions, for example, as embedded...
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............................... 3 1.1 VIRTUALIZATION .................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 NUMBER SYSTEM .................................................................................................................. 3 CONVERSION .......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP) ADDRESSING ................................................................................. 4 CIDR NOTATION AND SUBNET MASKS ................................................................................................. 5 TOPIC 2. CONFIGURING IP IN WINDOWS AND LINUX...
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...operating system. Explain at least five differences among Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X operating systems. * An operating system is the basic platform for any computer. This platform is designed act as a translator to peripheral devices perform basic tasking from Input/output devices and maintaining files and directories on the hard drive. In a larger system, the O/S acts as a traffic manager to ensure there are no jams or interferences between programs and users. The O/S also maintains security to prevent access from unauthorized users. * Operating systems provide a software platform to run other programs, or applications. These applications are specific to particular operating systems. There are three main operating system that are used today. They are Windows, MAC O/S x, and Linux. Each operating system uses commands that the user would use to interact with the system. These commands perform simple functions such as copy, rename, delete etc... The user would use a keyboard to enter these commands on the command prompt. Graphical user interfaces (GUI) (Windows and Mac) uses a mouse or pointer to click on objects on the screen. * Windows is an Operating system that allows people to manage files and run software programs on desktop and laptop computers. It also uses a GUI, icons and start menu are the primary ways people use to navigate windows. Windows has a larger support for printers across the market. * Linux is the kernel of an operating system. It uses open...
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...Linux Linux What is an ‘Operating System’? Mac OS Mac OS An operating system is the program that acts like the brain of the computer. It is used to control everything. The operating system controls programs and the functions of the computer along with the hardware, software' and file organisation. Computers need an operating system so that they can complete tasks. All programs, software’s and hardware’s need something to tell them how to perform their task, and this is what the operating system is used for. Without one, your computer would be useless. Operating systems are designed to make the computer more convenient for the user; it displays all of the information for the user in a clearer layout. Some popular operating systems are Windows 8.1, Mac OS and Linux. There are 2 variants of operating systems; A Command Line Interface (CLI) and a Graphical User Interface (GUI). Windows 8.1 Windows 8.1 Command Program Command Program Command Line Interface: A ‘Command Line Interface’ is a variant of operating system that allows the user to directly interact with the computer by typing in commands. The computer displays a command program or command box that allows the user to give the computer instructions by entering the command and pressing the enter key. CLI is used by mostly professional programmers who have experience in computer languages. Using CLI doesn’t restrict you as GUI does. It allows you to look into program files and rewrite how the program works. Although...
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...Linux Linux is an example of Open Source software development and Free Operating System (OS). What is it? Linux can be freely distributed, downloaded freely, distributed through magazines, Books etc. There are priced versions for Linux also, but they are normally cheaper than Everyone. From home users to developers and computer enthusiasts Linux kernel is developed by the community. Linus Torvalds oversees Linux can be installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, ranging from mobile phones, tablet computers and video game consoles, to Linux is developed by Open Source development i.e. through sharing and collaboration of code and features through forums etc and it is Linux typically provides two GUIs, KDE and Gnome. But there are millions of alternatives such as LXDE, Xfce, Unity, Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, Jfs, ReiserFS, Xfs, Btrfs, FAT, FAT32, NTFS Windows Windows is the family of operating system (OS) from Microsoft, which is the most famous OS in the world. For desktop or home use, Windows can be expensive. A single copy can cost around $50 to $ 450 depending on the version of Windows. Cost User Manufacturer Everyone. From home users to developers and computer enthusiasts alike. Microsoft created the Windows operating system, but allows other computer manufactures to distribute their own computers with Windows preOn PC's desktops, laptops, servers and some phones. Usage Windows is developed and distributed by Microsoft. Development and Distribution ...
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...machine * Functions Booting the computer The process of starting or restarting the computer is known as booting. A cold boot is when you turn on a computer that has been turned off completely. A warm boot is the process of using the operating system to restart the computer. Performs basic computer tasks The operating system performs basic computer tasks, such as managing the various peripheral devices such as the mouse, keyboard and printers. For example, most operating systems now are plug and play which means a device such as a printer will automatically be detected and configured without any user intervention. Provides a user interface A user interacts with software through the user interface. The two main types of user interfaces are: command line and a graphical user interface (GUI). With a command line interface, the user interacts with the operating system by typing commands to perform specific tasks. An example of a command line interface is DOS (disk operating system). With a graphical user interface, the user interacts with the operating system by using a mouse to access windows, icons, and menus. An example of a graphical user interface is Windows Vista or Windows 7. The operating system is responsible for providing a consistent application program interface (API) which is important as it allows a software developer to write an application on...
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...and applications. Memory is one of the most essential components of any computer system. No matter which operating system is being used, whether it is Windows, Linux or Mac’s OS X, the same basic requirements of memory management exist. The main requirements of memory management are protection, sharing, relocation and organization. Memory protection is necessary because it stops unauthorized programs, which may contain harmful threats, from accessing the computer’s memory. Memory sharing is when multiple programs need to access the same portion of memory. Proper management of memory ensures that this happens without hindering the performance of the system. Relocation involves moving programs between virtual memory and physical memory 2. Compare two common operating systems—Windows 8 and Fedora 20—on the difference in the memory management features. * Full access vs. No access * Linux Fedora 20: Linux has the most significant access to the source code, allowing the users to alter the code that serves as the foundation of the Linux operating system. * Windows 8: Windows 8 allows no users to the code, which is a good idea once you think about it, as some people has used that access to take advantage to make bugs and viruses. * Licensing freedom vs. licensing restrictions * Linux Fedora 20: With a Linux GPL-licensed operating system, you are free to modify that software and use and even republish or sell it. Also, with the GPL, you can...
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...Between Linux & Windows Operating Systems Lecturer/ Hadeel Tariq Al-Rayes Abstract—Comparisons between the Microsoft Windows and Linux computer operating systems are a long-running discussion topic within the personal computer industry. Throughout the entire period of the Windows 9x systems through the introduction of Windows 7, Windows has retained an extremely large retail sales majority among operating systems for personal desktop use, while Linux has sustained its status as the most prominent Free Software and Open Source operating system. After their initial clash, both operating systems moved beyond the user base of the personal computer market and share a rivalry on a variety of other devices, with offerings for the server and embedded systems markets, and mobile internet access. Linux and Microsoft Windows differ in philosophy, cost, versatility and stability, with each seeking to improve in their perceived weaker areas. Comparisons of the two operating systems tend to reflect their origins, historic user bases and distribution models. Index Term— Kernel, Linux, Operating Systems, Windows II. THE ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LINUX & WINDOWS (BEGINNERS LEVEL) 1- Drives don’t have letters, they have mountpoints The first thing that usually trips up people who come from Windows to Linux is that filesystems aren’t assigned letters the way they are in Windows. Instead, there is a single root filesystem whose path is “/”. If you must use the Windows analogy...
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...Purpose of an Operating System 21 September 2014 An Operating System is the first level of programming that lets you do things with your computer. The operating system interacts with a computer's hardware on a basic level, transmitting your commands into language the hardware can interpret. The operating system acts as a platform for all other applications on your CPU. Basically operating systems are like the manager for computers. It's the job of the operating system to monitor what software needs and what the hardware can provide. As you run applications on your computer, the operating system uses the resources necessary to complete the task. That can include processing power, memory allocation and computer storage access. The OS will make sure that your computer's hardware is never overtaxed. There are three most commonly used and they are Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. Windows OS is a product of Microsoft and is the most commonly used OS. It is estimated 90% of client computers use one of various Windows version. Windows is GUI that was a loaded on top of a MS-DOS from Versions 1-3. Windows 95 became an all-in one OS/GUI, which made other versions of Windows OS. Like Window Server 2003 and 2008, and by mobile and compact devises Windows CE. The web browser for Windows is called Explorer. The Mac OS is a Proprietary OS used by Apple for Macintosh computer. The Mac computer is a favorite of multimedia designers, graphic artists, and musicians. Now it’s estimated that about 10%...
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...Operating System Basics Functions of Operating Systems • An operating system is the software on a computer that manages the way different programs use its hardware, and regulates the ways that a user controls the computer. • Provide a user interface • Run programs • Organized file storage Types of Operating Systems • Real-time operating system – Very fast small OS – Built into a device – Respond quickly to user input – MP3 players, Medical devices • Single user/Single tasking OS – One user works on the system – Performs one task at a time – MS-DOS (MicroSoft Disk Operating System) and Palm OS – MS-DOS is an operating system for x86-based (Intel 8086 microprocessor) personal computers, which was purchased by Microsoft. It was the most commonly used member of the DOS family of operating systems, and was the main operating system for personal computers during the 1980s up to mid 1990s. It was gradually replaced on consumer desktop computers by operating systems offering a graphical user interface (GUI), in particular by various generations of the Microsoft Windows operating system. – Palm OS (also known as Garnet OS) is a mobile operating system initially developed by Palm. for personal digital assistants (PDAs) in 1996. Palm OS is designed for ease of use with a touchscreen-based graphical user interface. It is provided with a suite of basic applications for...
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...supports a computer’s basic function. It manages the computer's memory, process, and all of its software and hardware. It also allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's "language. Without an operating system a computer is useless. The operating systems job is to boot the computer. Booting is the process that occurs when you press the power button to turn your computer on. There are three types of operating systems which are: MAC OS, WINDOWS AND LINUX. MAC OS Mac OS is the proprietary operating system used by apple for their Macintosh computers originally called systems. Before, the operating system could be run only on Macintosh computers that had Motorola processors. Mac OS was introduced to apple in 2002 and is not compatible with PC hardware. MAC is credited with making the graphical user interface. MAC OS uses control panels to configure, troubleshoot, and maintain the computer. Windows and Linux do not run in Macintosh. LINUX Linux is an open-source operating system modeled on UNIX. Linux was originally written by Linus Torvalds and can be freely downloaded by anyone. They are usually run on PC, gaming consoles, dvrs, mobile phones, and many other devices. Linux was originally designed as an alternative operating system to windows. It is also free to download under GPL (general public license). The Linux operating system represented a $25 billion ecosystem in 2008. Since its inception in 1991, Linux has grown to become a...
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...1:30pm) Student Name ___________________________________ Lesson Plan Theory (in class, Lab #2)……………………………..…………………..……...2 Reading Kim and Solomon, Chapter 1: Information Systems Security. Objectives……………..………………….……………………………….2 Student Assignments for this Unit Unit 1 Lab Perform Reconnaissance & Probing Using ZenMap GUI (Nmap) Lab #1: Performing Network Reconnaissance using Common Tools Overview and access vLab..............................................................................................3 Part 1: Exploring the Tools used in the Virtual Lab Environment……………16 Unit 1 Assignment Match Risks/Threats to Solutions Part 2: Connecting to a Linux Machine …………………. .........................44 Unit 1 Assignment Impact of a Data Classification Standard Part 3: Using Zenmap to Perform Basic Reconnaissance ……………………59 Appendix A. SYLLABUS………………………………………………..……..………….69 B. Forgot your password?………………………………………………..……..73 Instructor: Yingsang “Louis” HO Tel: 425-241-8080 (cell), (206) 244-3300 (school) Email: yho@itt-tech.edu NT2580_2015_Summer_M1_UNIT1.doc Page 1 of 76 Unit 1: Information Systems Security Fundamentals Learning Objective Explain the concepts of information systems security (ISS) as applied to an IT infrastructure. Key Concepts Confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) concepts Layered security solutions implemented for the seven domains of a typical IT infrastructure Common threats...
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