... They were brought along to aid their owners at camp and even took their owners place on the front line at times during battles; those men were later adopted by the regiment. Tens of thousands of men may have served, willing or otherwise. In 1863, in the middle of the war, when more Confederate soldiers were needed, state militias of freed black men were offered to the Confederate war office, but refused. Still, the trust was not there between the men. “On March 13, 1865, legislation was finally passed that would free black slaves if they enlisted in the Confederate Army, although they had to have...
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...rebels under the command of Nathan Bedford Forrest overran Fort Pillow, a former Confederate stronghold situated on a bluff on the Tennessee bank of the Mississippi, some 40 miles north of Memphis. The garrison consisted of about 600 Union soldiers, roughly evenly divided between runaway slaves-turned-artillerists from nearby Tennessee communities and white Southern Unionist cavalry mostly from East Tennessee. Under a flag of truce which his men violated by creeping up on the fort, Forrest demanded the garrison’s surrender, threatening that if it refused he would not be responsible for the actions of his men. Believing Forrest was bluffing, Bradford refused, whereupon the Confederates swarmed over the parapet. CT: Fort Pillow Massacre," blackpast.org, accessed November 13, 2013, http://www.blackpast.org/aah/fort-pillow- massacre-1864. KB: This is great to show K: Rebels, Confederates Precisely three years after the Civil War began, one of the cruelest deeds in the annals of warfare occurred at Fort Pillow, forty miles north of Memphis, Tennessee, on the bank of the Mississippi River, when both black troops of the 6th US Colored Artillery and white troops of the 13th Tennessee Union Cavalry were murdered in cold blood. General Nathan Forrest considered a slave in uniform with a gun a direct challenge and threat to the way of life in the South, a situation that could never be tolerated. At Fort Pillow, Forrest would take the "no quarter to Union Negro soldiers"...
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...There are several factors that played key roles in the Union's victory over the equally manned Confederate forces at Fort Donelson. These factors include toxic leadership, unclear guidance, sense of duty, technology/perception, and premature sense of victory. Although, both sides had several issues these are the ones that I feel stood out in the video, battle analysis and classroom discussion. Furthermore, I can relate these to personal experiences over my career. As illustrated by our instructor there was toxic leadership and unclear guidance on both sides during this encounter. However, the south suffered more from the confusion of command. Although, General Floyd was “technically in command” it was mentioned that he was absent when key decisions had to be made. You must have a clearly established chain of command providing clear guidance and direct leadership in direct contact like this. Leadership must have complete support from the subordinate leaders in order to use the will of the men to progress in battle. We can clearly see that there was lack of communication between the general officers when Buckner delays the attack after Pillow attacked early. Furthermore, General Pillow...
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...The Massacre at Fort Pillow: Holding Nathan Bedford Forrest Accountable Ned Bishop United States History II Professor Citro March 22, XXXX Title of paper. Writer’s name. Title of course, instructor’s name, and date. Source: Diana Hacker (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2004). 67 Bishop 2 Although Northern newspapers of the time no doubt exaggerated some of the Confederate atrocities at Fort Pillow, most modern sources agree that a massacre of Union troops took place there on April 12, 1864. It seems clear that Union soldiers, particularly black soldiers, were killed after they had stopped fighting or had surrendered or were being held prisoner. Less clear is the role played by Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest in leading his troops. Although we will never know whether Forrest directly ordered the massacre, evidence suggests that he was responsible for it. Fort Pillow, Tennessee, which sat on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River, had been held by the Union for two years. It was garrisoned by 580 men, 292 of them from the Sixth United States Colored Heavy and Light Cavalry, 285 from the white Thirteenth Tennessee Cavalry. Nathan Bedford Forrest’s troops numbered about 1,500 men.1 The Confederates attacked Fort Pillow on April 12, 1864, and had virtually surrounded the fort by the time Forrest arrived on the battlefield. At 3:30 P.M., Forrest displayed a flag of truce and sent in a demand for unconditional surrender of the sort he had used...
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...This was the first time they were able to fight with the other soldiers by their side. During this time they also fought at Milliken’s Bend, Louisiana and it was later said to be one of the bloodiest battles. One of the most famous fights involving African Americans was at Fort Pillow in Tennessee in 1864. This fight stood out because over half the soldiers on the Union side were African Americans and the death rate was high. Even unarmed soldiers were shot by Confederates during this battle. This just made the African Americans that still fought in the war the desire to fight harder to avenge their fellow soldier’s deaths. A few more battles took place after Fort Pillow in Virginia in 1864. Some soldiers were considered extremely essential to the war because they healed those that were sick or ill. The following quote which comes from a retired physician that practiced during the war perfectly states the importance of African American physicians during the war. “By the end of the Civil War at least 22 African Americans had obtained degrees and were practicing medicine. At least twelve of these physicians served with the Union Army.” (blackpast.org) Whether blacks were soldiers...
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...aken it 2. Fort Sumter A fort in South Carolina where the first battle of the Civil War occurred and resulted in a Confederate victory 3. PGT Beauregard lead Confederates in the battle of Bull Run 4. 5 Northern Advantages larger population and troops, experienced government, better transportation, coal/more supplies because of more factories, and had navy 5. 5 Southern Advantages familiar territory, stronger military leaders, fought with passion, allies from cotton trade, and had better strategic plans 6. Union Naval blockade blocked supplies from getting to the south since Confederacy was too reliant on trade 7. Robert E. Lee one of the best military leaders in history, on Confederate side 8. Border States elaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri. D 9. Significance of Washington D.C. and Richmond, VA Washington DC is Union capital and Richmond, VA is Confederate capital 10. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson Confederate general who refused to yield to Union armies, great leader but killed at Fredericksburg 11. George B. McClellan Union general who was very passive and often clashed with Lincoln, eventually fired and then lost to Lincoln in the election of 1864 12. 1st Bull Run in Manassas, VA; Union winning at first and then ended up losing 13. Ulysses S. Grant one of the best Union generals; known as a butcher and alcoholic but lead the union towards the end of the Civil War 14. Shiloh Battle that resulted i...
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...CHAPTER 21: THE FURNACE OF WAR Bull Run Ends the "Ninety Day War” Know: Bull Run, Stonewall Jackson 14. What effect did the Battle of Bull Run have on North and South? North (and South) expected a quick war – Union believed a quick move South to Richmond would end the war – South’s victory increased overconfidence • Soldiers deserted with trophies, many believed war was over • Enlistment rates decreased; preparations for long-term war slowed – North’s defeat was better (long-term) for the Union • Ended belief that war would be over quickly • Caused Northerners to prepare for long war "Tardy George" McClellan and the Peninsula Campaign Know: George McClellan, Peninsula Campaign, Robert E. Lee, "Jeb" Stuart, Seven Days' Battles, Anaconda Plan 15. Describe the grand strategy of the North for winning the war. Union turned to 6-part strategy of total war – Suffocate South by blockading its ports – Free the slave to undermine economy of South – Cut Confederacy in 1/2 by taking control of Mississippi River – Cut Confederacy into pieces by sending troops into Georgia and Carolinas – Take Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia – Engage the enemy everywhere and grind them into submission The War at Sea Know: Blockade, Continuous Voyage, Merrimac, Monitor 16. What was questionable about the blockade practices of the North? Why did Britain honor the blockade anyway? Blockade began with leaks and was strengthened was war went on ...
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...Battle of PILOT KNOB Battle of Fort Davidson Battle of Fort Davidson|| Part of American Civil War[->0]|| [->1][->2]1865 map of Pilot Knob and its vicinity|| Date|September 27, 1864|| Location|Iron County, Missouri[->3]|| Result|Union[->4] victory[1]HYPERLINK \l "cite_note-1"[2]HYPERLINK \l "cite_note-2"[3]|| Belligerents|| [->5]United States[->6] (Union[->7])|[->8]CSA (Confederacy)[->9]| Commanders and leaders|| Thomas Ewing, Jr.[->10]|Sterling Price[->11]| Units involved|| Union garrison|Army of Missouri[->12]| Strength|| 1,500|12,000| Casualties and losses|| 184|1,500| [show] · v[->13] d ePrice's Raid[->14]|| || · [->15]· || [->16][->17] [->18][->19]One side of Fort Davidson as seen today. The crater from the powder magazine blast is visible on the far right. Pilot Knob is the hill at the back. The Battle of Fort Davidson, also known as the Battle of Pilot Knob, was the opening engagement of Price's Missouri Raid[->20] during the American Civil War[->21]. This engagement occurred on September 27, 1864, just outside of Pilot Knob[->22] in Iron County, Missouri[->23]. Although outnumbered by more than ten-to-one, the Union defenders managed to repulse repeated Confederate assaults on their works, and were able to slip away during the night by exploiting a gap in the Southern siege lines. The attacking Rebels took possession of the fort the next day, but Price's useless waste of men and ammunition ended his goal of seizing St. Louis[->24]...
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...advanced with 15,000 troops and gunboats into Fort Henry, Tennessee (Cayton 385). In February of 1862, Grant and his army rounded Fort Henry into surrender, before Union troops arrived. Next, In Fort Donelson, Grant and Union Army used gunboats and shelled Confederate Army for 3 days. He formed a perimeter surrounding the Confederate Army. When Confederate General Gideon Pillow decided not to retreat, Grant launched a fierce counterattack. Confederates were surrounded with backs to the Cumberland River, and Grant earned the nickname, “Unconditional Surrender” Grant. After 12,000 men surrendered, Grant announced, “No other terms than unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted” (qtd. in Cayton 385). Eventually, Fort Donelson fell to Grant in February of 1862. In the bloodiest battle on North American soil to that point, the Battle of Shiloh brought out the best of Ulysses S. Grant. At first, Johnston’s forces surprised Grant, and drove Union back to Tennessee River. When soldiers suggested a retreat, Grant fiercely responded, “No, I propose to attack at daylight and whip them” (qtd. in Cayton 386). The next day, Grant launched a successful counterattack, and defeated Johnston’s army. Among the dead was General Johnston himself. After this battle, Grant was noted as the first general to put the South in a defensive position during the Civil War. Like during the Mexican War, Grant astounded others who witnessed his calmness during battle. He puffed cigars while issuing clear and...
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...|[pic] |Syllabus | | |College of Humanities | | |HIS/115 | | |U.S. History to 1865 | Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides an overview of the social, political, economic, and global events that have shaped the American scene from colonial times through the Civil War period. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class...
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...| Course SyllabusCollege of HumanitiesHIS/115 Version 3U.S. History to 1865 | Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides an overview of the social, political, economic, and global events that have shaped the American scene from colonial times through the Civil War period. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Schultz, K. M. (2012). HIST2, Volume 1 (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: Contact, Settlement, Slavery | | Details | Due | Points | Objectives | 1.1 Describe the clash of cultures that took place in North America between the Native Americans, colonists, and Black slaves. 1.2 Describe the establishment of early colonies. 1.3 Describe the development of regional differences among the...
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...Audience: Philip and Nathan (my children) Purpose: To show them how precious life is, and never take it for granted. My Mother’s Eyes All of us have moments that happen to us. Some moments we want to forget, others remain seared in our minds and hearts forever. Such was a time for me 17 years ago. I was seven months pregnant with my second child. My mother was lying in Fort Sanders Hospital in a coma. She was diagnosed five years earlier with Multiple Myloma, a bone cancer. She fought hard against the disease, but in the end her body was failing her. This was the first time I had spent the night with her since she slipped into her final stage. I had been with her daily, but spending the night was difficult due to my condition. I knew I had to stay because I needed time with her alone, to tell her things and to say goodbye. Such as, the baby, and the family will stick together after she is gone. Most of all I felt like she needed me to give her permission to stop fighting. There I was beside my mother’s bed, sitting on her left holding her hand with my right hand, and my left hand was laying on my belly. We were finally alone. I could feel my baby moving and kicking. Then, the thought struck me here I am holding the hand of death and feeling life at the same time. What a bittersweet moment. “Mom”, I began, “I know you said you didn’t want to know the sex of the baby before the birth, but I’m going to tell you. I’m having a boy; his name...
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...Washington would prove worthy to become a true leader at a young age. George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 in Colonial Virginia and was the first child of his fathers’ second marriage. His father, Augustine Washington and mother Mary Ball Washington were owners of a tobacco plantation and gained a reputation as being moderately prosperous. As a young boy, George Washington suffered many family tragedies with the loss of several of his siblings and by the age eleven the loss of his father. George Washington would have his older step/half brother Lawrence, who was an intelligent man, an experienced soldier and the owner by inheritance of his fathers’ land and responsibilities; raise and guide him, until he too would lose a battle with tuberculosis in 1752. (Haworth, 8-9) George Washington received an education in his town school as a boy. It was a simple school of that which could be afforded by the neighborhood. There he would learn the basic skills; reading, and writing. His father Augustine seemed to have more of an impact on his mind intellectually teaching George moral culture, virtue and inspired him to appreciate justice, generosity and most of all a love of truth. During this period, George’s brother Lawrence was away getting his education in England, which was not uncommon for the more prominent families to do. George would have followed in the tradition if his father did not pass early in his life. On the arrival of his brother after finishing his...
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...Stay at Home Moms -Breaking the Stereotypes 9/13/2015 In today’s society, no longer is it common for a woman to make the decision to stay at home and school her children. There was a time when this was far from taboo, but in the year 2015, stay at home mothers have found themselves in situations where they have to prove their worth. Women in the SAHMs (Stay at home mothers) community are labeled as lazy, are said to have it easy, are dumb, moochers, and many other stereo types. In all actuality the life of a SAHM is quite the contraire. In the 20th century the term “house wife” was more so used than the term Stay at home mom. Now, in the 21st century we changed that term because it seemed as if we knew nothing but the walls inside our homes. We are married to our husbands, not our houses. Women in the 1950’s rose to the term house wife and wore it proudly. During this time, the women who worked outside of the home were looked at as some scientific phenomenon that we didn't understand. The role of women in the 1950’s was repressive and constrictive in many ways. Society placed high importance and many expectations on behavior at home as well as in public. Women were supposed to fulfill certain roles, such as a caring mother, a diligent homemaker, and an obedient wife. The perfect mother was supposed to stay home and nurture so society would accept them. (R.C.2005) “Most of the time, when people ask, I tell them that I work from home. Technically this is true, because...
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...that all these influences were really assimilated by the older ethnic base, which actually indigenized them. It is pointed out, for example, that the Spanish word for church, iglesia, never became fully accepted among the Filipinos, who used their own terms to denote a place of worship. Thus the Tagalog and Cebuano use simbahan, the Ilocano, simbaan, and the Pampango, pisamban. This process of indigenization was to characterize much of Filipino construction during the more than three centuries of Spanish colonization. The Beginnings The history of Philippine architecture under the Spanish regime begins with the arrival of Miguel Lopez de Legaspi’s expedition in 1565. In Cebu, Legaspi’s men founded a city, built a chapel, and erected a fort. The Spaniards then spent a short while in Iloilo, but because of promising reports they continued further north to Manila. In 1571 they took over the charred remains of the settlement of the city’s previous native ruler Soliman. Legaspi then traced the borders of the new Spanish city on the strategic tongue of land at the mouth...
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