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Beauregard

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Submitted By deliachuchi
Words 1437
Pages 6
RESOLUCIÓN CASO
Autores: Pere Pou, Delia Toro y Maria Ángeles Díez

Descripción de la situación de la Empresa

Beauregard Textile Co., es una de las mayores empresas en su segmento de la industria textil.
Factura unas ventas anuales de 82 millones de dólares.

Los precios (en este caso para el último trimestre de 1990) una vez aprobados y enviados a los clientes se consideraban firmes para todo un trimestre.

Los comerciales de la empresa estaban en nómina y por tanto, no iban a comisión.

En Enero de 1.990 habían aumentado el precio del producto Triaxx-30 de 3 a 4$/unitarios, para igualar su margen de beneficio con el de otros productos de la empresa. El objetivo de este aumento era compensar el aumento de los costes, y a la vez, reforzar el capital circulante de la empresa, pues tenían pensado modernizar y ampliar a largo plazo sus plantas de fabricación.

Las ventas de Beauregard habían descendido un 40% (75.000 unidades en el último trimestre de 1.990, contra 125.000 unidades promedio vendidas trimestralmente en 1.989), como resultado del aumento de precio.

El precio de venta (3$) estaba por debajo de los costes.

Descripción de la situación del Mercado y la Competencia

El único proveedor alternativo al producto Triaxx-30 de importancia era Calhoun&Pritchard Inc., que no había subido el precio, sino que lo había mantenido a 3$/unitarios.

Los comerciales de Beauregard decían que si mantenían el precio a 4$/unitarios, la demanda total se reduciría un 20% más.

Beauregard tenía una cuota de mercado del 55% sobre la demanda total de 225.000 unidades/trimestrales en el año 1.989, mientras que para el año 1.990 sólo abarcaban un 33% de participación.

La demanda del producto Triaxx-30 es elástica, pues ante pequeñas variaciones de precios hay grandes variaciones en las cantidades demandadas.

Calhoun&Pritchard Inc. Se encontraba en una difícil situación financiera.

Preguntas

1- ¿Hay algún error de concepto en los anexos? Arguméntalo.

Más que un error de concepto hay un error de método.

Están utilizando el sistema de costes “Full Cost” que imputa todos los costes del producto para calcular los márgenes brutos.

El problema surge, por ejemplo, cuando la producción es superior a las ventas. El margen obtenido en “Full Cost” es superior al estimado por “Direct Cost”, pues una parte de los costes fijos se acumulan en el inventario de productos terminados.

En cambio si se utiliza el sistema “Direct Cost”, el margen de contribución siempre va ligado con el volumen de ventas, independientemente del volumen fabricado. De esta manera, podremos calcular de una forma más clara el margen de contribución de un producto.

Se trata de comparar el precio de venta que tenemos menos los costes variables unitarios (costos relevantes) y poder tomar decisiones a corto plazo sobre la cartera de productos que tenemos.

Nota; Hemos asumido que los “Gastos departamento directos*” son gastos directamente imputables al producto, a pesar de que la descripción de los mismos a pie de página es erronea (Mano de obra indirecta,…). En el caso de que fueran indirectos no deberían considerarse en este caso, aunque impactaría en las conclusiones del caso.

2- ¿Qué precio debe fijar Beauregard Textile Co, en el próximo trimestre?

Para tomar esta decisión debemos calcular el margen de contribución unitario, tomando como unidades vendidas, las estimaciones del Departamento de Marketing para el próximo trimestre (75.000 unidades) a un precio de 4$ la unidad y compararlo con el margen de contribución unitario que existiría si se redujese el precio a 3$ /unidad y por tanto la demanda aumentase a 125.000 unidades. Todo esto considerando los costes relevantes para la fabricación de Trixx-30.

| |Expresado en $ |
|Precio unitario |4 |3 |
|Mano de obra directa |-0,800 |-0,760 |
|Materiales |-0,400 |-0,400 |
|Desperdicio materiales |-0,040 |-0,038 |
|Gastos departamento directos: |-0,120 |-0,100 |
|Margen de contribución |2,640 |1,702 |
|Cantidades vendidas |75000 |125000 |
|Margen de Contribución |198.000 |212.750 |

Debería fijar el precio en 3$ / unitarios pues incluso disminuyendo el precio, al vender más unidades, el margen de contribución es superior que con un precio de 4$ / unitarios.

3- ¿Que herramientas de contabilidad de gestión utilizaríais para tomar la decisión?

Las herramientas de Contabilidad de Gestión que resultan oportunas de analizar, para la toma de decisiones en este caso son: en primer lugar el cálculo del Margen de Contribución Unitario a través del método analítico “Direct Cost”, el cual nos permite conocer la contribución real de un producto tomando en cuenta los costes relevantes de su producción (Pregunta 2).

En segundo lugar, las cuentas de resultado elaboradas mediante los métodos “Direct Cost” y “Full Cost” a través de las cuales podemos comparar los beneficios obtenidos en un periodo, partiendo de la variación en la forma de imputar los costos según cada método.

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Otra herramienta a la cual recurrimos fue al cálculo del punto muerto, con el fin de conocer cuantas unidades de T30 debe vender la empresa para cubrir sus costos.

[pic]

Finalmente, calculamos ratios de rentabilidad para conocer que precio de venta genera mejores beneficios.

[pic]

Una vez analizadas todas las herramientas de Contabilidad de Gestión, concluimos que es preferible bajar el precio a 3$, a pesar de que los ratios, el punto muerto y las cuentas de resultados reflejan cierta ventaja cuando el precio del Triaxx-30 es 4$.

Esto se debe a que el margen de contribución unitario con Direct Cost muestra el aporte real del producto sin cargarle costes que no son relevantes. Además, al mantener el precio en 4$ es posible que el número de clientes continúe bajando, pues como ya hemos dicho la demanda es sensible al precio.

Al bajar el precio a 3$ se podría recuperar cuota de mercado, posicionando a la empresa nuevamente como líder.

4- Si cambiáramos las reglas de juego y ambas empresas fijaran sus precios simultáneamente, llegaríamos al mismo punto de equilibrio?

No forzosamente, pues partimos de la base que para calcular el punto de equilibrio los ingresos deben ser iguales a los costos.

Nosotros no dispondríamos de información de nuestros competidores sobres sus costes variables: materias primeras, mano de obra directa, otros gastos directos,etc…Suponiendo que fueran parecidos a los nuestros, debido a que los salarios se estipularan con el mismo convenio colectivo y la antigüedad del personal fuera parecida. Que los materiales los comprásemos a los mismos proveedores y que tuviésemos precios similares.

Tenemos que pensar en los Costes Fijos y que por la conversación mantenida por el Director Comercial y el controller, nuestra competencia había sufrido una OPA hostil recientemente y se encontraban en una situación financiera difícil.

Lo cual nos podría sugerir que los costes financieros se les habrían disparado y por tanto, a priori, nos deberíamos encontrar nosotros en una mejor situación, con un punto de equilibrio más pequeño que no el de nuestra competencia.

Por ultimo hemos simulado los diferentes escenarios en los que podríamos encontrarnos para el cuarto trimestre, asumiendo que los costos son similares en ambas Compañías y con una sensibilidad en la totalidad de la demanda a la baja del 20%, en el supuesto de que establezca un precio de $4.

Supuesto Calhoun & Pritchard establezca un precio de $4 y Beauregard establezca precio de $3. Daría una contribución para Calhoun & Pritchard de $62.500 y para Beauregard de $332.000. Sería una situación inviable viendo el histórico de esta situación (1998). La demanda de Calhoun & Pritchard es mucho mas sensible al precio además de estar en una situación financiera más delicada.

Supuesto Calhoun & Pritchard establezca un precio de $3 y Beauregard establezca precio de $4. Nos parece también inviable puesto que daría una contribución para Calhoun & Pritchard de $258.300 y para Beauregard de $198.000. En esta situación Beauregard estaría cediendo cuota de mercado a Calhoun & Pritchard.

Supuesto en que ambas partes utilicen el precio de venta de $3, nos parece desde un punto de vista prágmatico la situación a la que llegará el mercado, dándose un margen de contribución para Calhoun & Pritchard de $166.800 y para Beauregard de $212.750.

Por ultimo en el caso de que se llegara a un acuerdo, algo ilegal por ir contra la libre competencia, de un precio de $4 los márgenes de contribución serían de $266.800 y $211.200 para Begaregard y Calhoun & Pritchard respectivamente, asumiendo una rebaja de un 20% en la demanda total del producto.

Ver en anexo-1, los cálculos realizados para los supuestos comentados.

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