...Romanticism Papel HUM/266 March 6, 2013 Romanticism was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, it was also a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature. It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography, education and the natural sciences. Its effect on politics was considerable and complex; while for much of the peak Romantic period it was associated with liberalism and radicalism, in the long term its effect on the growth of nationalism was probably more significant. Romanticism era is the revolution of writers, painters, and dancers. The well-know writer in romanticism era is Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. His first novel, The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774), about a young, sensitive artist, was popular throughout Europe. Goethe also used myth and local folklore as subjects for his poetry, inspiring a sense of German nationalism in the decades before a unified Germany. The American and French Revolutions in the late 18th century added to the popularity of such Romantic ideals as freedom, liberty and national pride. Ballet began to lose steam after the death of Louis the XIV, despite a slight boom in participation...
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...M5RW 1. Identify the distinctive stylistic features of Romantic music. The romantic era (1800-1850) in music is made by large pieces of work that start to make bigger orchestras with bigger sounds. This music places a strong point on “stirring emotions” within the listener, and doesn’t have to do with the emotion of “love”. Romantic composer made this by writing more complicated music. They use key changes, dissonance, and chromatics a lot. This was done by improving instruments that was played in music theory and teaching how to write music. Beethoven played a major part in bringing music into this new style, and his 3rd symphony is a prime example. Few Romantic composers were Schumann, Chopin, Rossini, and Tchaikovsky. Few characteristics of Romantic music are intense expression of emotions, more freedom in the structure (form) of the music, more complex use of tone and rhythm, larger orchestras/developments in wind instruments, greater technical virtuosity, sense of “nationalism” in musical styles, and links music with other art forms. 2. Discuss the romantic orchestra, program music, nationalism, and exoticism. Romantic orchestra has a wider range of instruments and pitches. It has many more players than a classical orchestra. Romantic orchestra was used in different ways. For example, composers start to use more adventurous techniques like flutter-tonguing on the woodwind instruments and col legno on string instruments. Romantic orchestras have larger...
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...Moldenhauer Archives at the Library of Congress | Table of Contents Music History from Primary Sources An Introductory Essay Alfred Mann A vellum leaf, 22 by 17 cm., from a prayer book. The letter forms of early Gothic script suggest the twelfth century, or a period even earlier. Neumes (marked in red) are placed above the first four lines of the Latin text. The entire page is richly illuminated in black, red, and blue, with a heavy gold layer decorating the initial A for the phrase beginning "Adoro te." The leaf was obtained for the Moldenhauer Archives from the music dealer and publishing firm Schneider, Tutzing. The Art of Musical Notation In its primary sources, music merges with the representational arts. Oral tradition has played a fundamental role in all ages, but in its formal sense, history--and the history of music--begins with the visual record. Musical notation, having emerged on a wide scale in all civilizations, produced in itself a highly individual record of artistic endeavor. The medieval monks who compiled the missals and other liturgical books for the service of worship rose from their function as scribes to artists in their own right; among the greatest documents of Baroque art are the holographs by Bach; and an entirely novel phase in artistic musical score design was initiated in the twentieth century. The primary sources of music reproduced in this volume rely on various aspects of the graphic arts, but foremost among them stands the representation...
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...international fame. Now a successful and celebrated composer, Dvorak toured Great Britain and America, composing some of his greatest works while there. Of those works, his Cello Concerto, American Quartet, and New World Symphony were and still are considered among his best works. All three reflected his emotional state during his stay. For example, the New World Symphony, composed in New York, mixed Dvorak’s awe of American innocence and energy with nostalgia for his Bohemian heritage. And it was this nostalgia that prompted him to return to Europe, creating the acclaimed opera Rusalka. By now, he is the jewel of the Czech musical world and dominated the festivals of his home country. At age 62, Dvorak died after five weeks of undiagnosed illness, leaving many unfinished works but also a legacy for his beloved Bohemian nation. As a composer, Dvorak derived his inspirations from Wagner, Beethoven and Schubert. His style is unique for its strong melodies and fresh Czech characteristics, regardless of the genre of music he composed. This is evident in perhaps one of his most famous works – Symphony No.9. Popularly dubbed as the New World Symphony, it incorporated African American spirituals and Czech influences, creating a fresh and emotional classic. In the symphony, the influences of Beethoven and Schubert were especially evident. Following Smetana, Dvorak heavily used traditional folk melodies of Moravia and Bohemia as the base of his works, and that is most evident in his...
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...1.The Change from English to American When the American Revolution started in 1775, around two and a half million people lived in the thirteen colonies. The vast majority had emigrated from England or were descendants of English settlers. Most called themselves English and still felt a strong bondwith the customs and traditions of their faraway homeland. When war erupted, this connection was put to the test. Many saw the colonists’ reasoning behind their revolt but could not bring themselves to lift a hand against mother England; therefore, they tried to remain neutral. Others were so fiercely devoted to England that they instead formed loyalist groups that aided the English military forces. 2 Before the revolution, there was one major difference between an Englishman in England and one in America. Men with property in England had the right to vote for representatives in Parliament. Their grievances were heard, and they had the power to effect changes. This was not so in America as the American colonies lacked representatives in Parliament. The colonists had their own legislatures as well as some measure of autonomy, but even this power was subject both to British law and the rule of a local British governor. Thus men who considered themselves Englishmen in America were treated as American colonists by their counterparts in England. Many American colonists were of the opinion that they possessed rights beyond what their supposed rulers in England were willing to grant them...
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...NCFE-AUD-405 MUSICIANSHIP & THE MUSIC INDUSTRY NCFE LEVEL 4 IN AUDIO & MUSIC PRODUCTION WESTERN MUSICAL ERAS ESSAY Name : Abel Varghese ID No. : AAT/MPDN/00029/BLR Starting Date : 08/05/2016 Submission Date : 13/05/2016 Assessor : Raemus Casterlino Content Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..03 Medieval Music……………………………………………………………………....04 Renaissance…………………………………………………………………………..05 Baroque...…………………………………………………………………………….06 Classical……………………………………………………………………………...07 Romantic……………………………………………………………………………..08 20th Century music…………………………………………………………………...09 21st Century………………………………………………………………………….10 Introduction Music is said to be present in the ancestral period and it was first evolved from Africa and was later spread to the west, which later on became a fundamental constituent of life. Each era existed for a period of time, such as the pre-historic music, ancient music, biblical period , western musical period etc. The western musical era of music will be mentioned in detail below. This period consisted of the medieval music, renaissance music, baroque, classical, 20th century music, and 21st century music. Medieval Music The western music is popularly known for the Gregorian chant also known as the plain chant. This was during years 500 – 1400. It was more of the vocal religious practices of the roman catholic church. The plainchants had very little pitch change and had consisted of only a single melody and lacked harmony. There...
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...Student’s name Professor’s name Course name Date Mozart Introduction According to Fisher (15), Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a powerful Austrian composer whose success can precisely be dated from his childhood. The composer was born in Salzburg in 1756 and died in 1791 having written over 600 pieces of work of which many remain popular to date. Mozart could play clavichord at the age of three and began writing short compositions at the age of four. When he was 5, he gave his first public performance at Salzburg University. Between 1763 and 1766, Mozart, Nannerl, his sister who was talented in music, together with their father who was a musician as well toured Europe. They visited Paris, London among several other places where Mozart gave several successful concerts, even performing before royalty. This research paper examines the crucial role Mozart played during The Enlightenment. It further highlights the contribution made by the Austrian composer in the transition to romantic from the Enlightenment. Before and during the time of Mozart, composers served the royal courts or church as highly-skilled servants. In the same manner, he began his carrier by working for Salzburg’s Archbishop. Notably, his travels to France as well as England gave him an exposure to the ideals of equality and independence as well. This exposure prompted him to sever his loyalty to the master who employed him to offer services in a very rigid manner. He left for Vienna where he...
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...The Influence of Music on Self and Society - Values in Music in Eastern and Western Cultures David Eaton July, 2003 Throughout history the unspoken but highly evocative language of music has exerted powerful influences on individuals and societies alike. Felix Mendelssohn once remarked that music is more specific about what it expresses than words written about those expressions could ever be. That music has the power to express, convey and illicit powerful emotions is without question, however the issue of music's moral and ethical power, and how that power affects individuals and societies, is one that receives too little attention in our post-modern world. Ancient cultures held strong beliefs in the moral and ethical power of music and as such it was imperative for artists within those cultures to exercise a certain moral and ethical responsibility in their creative endeavors. As a professional musician for over thirty years I concur with that premise and it is primarily from the axiological, rather than a theoretical or aesthetic viewpoint that I approach this discourse. The responsibility of artists to the social environment in which they live and work is something that I have always had strong sentiments. As we now find ourselves beginning a new millennium, questions with regards to music's origins, its spiritual, religious and mystical properties, its moral and ethical power, its transcendent qualities, the role of the arts and artists and the importance of art in general...
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...Chapter 22 – Life in the Industrial Age. (1800-1914). (1) The Industrial Revolution Spreads. (2) The World of Cities. (3) Changing Attitudes and Values. (4) A New Culture. First Belgium. Factories. 1807. Daguerre Perfects. Photography. 1839. Darwin. Publishes. 1859. Wright Brothers. Fly. 1903. (1) The Industrial Revolution Spreads. Setting the Scene. The second Industrial Revolution is marked by the spread of industry, the development of new technologies, and the rise of big business. By 1880s, steel replaces steam as symbol. New Industrial Powers. In first Industrial Revolution Britain stands alone as world industrial giant. Britain tries to protect its lead through laws against export of inventions (or inventors). By mid-1880s, others challenge Britain dominance. In Europe. Elsewhere. 1807. Belgium becomes first European nation outside Britain to industrialize. British mechanic (William Cockerill) opens factories to make spinning, weaving machines. 1871. Germany unifies into powerful nation. Becomes Europe’s leading industrial power. 1900. USA emerges as world’s leading industrial power. Some nations in southern and eastern Europe (sans resources) are slower to industrialize. Japan industrializes rapidly after 1868 to become leading industrial power in Asia. Technology and Industry. In first Industrial Revolution inventions (like steam engine) are work of gifted tinkerers. In second Industrial Revolution professional chemists and engineers create new products. Early inventors...
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...their compositional styles by investigating in to some of the structures they used and the meaning and thinking behind their movements and symphonies. Gustav Mahler (July, 1860) was a late-Romantic composer and was a huge influence on modern music both with his music and his conducting. One piece of music that he is forever recognised by is his Song of the Earth (Das Lied von der Erde) composed in 1907-1908. This was first performed later on, unfortunately not conducted by Mahler himself as it was performed after his death. It was a huge piece of work written for two soloists, which was very rarely done, and an almighty orchestra. This would have been his ninth symphony but ‘Mahler refused to call it No.9 out of superstitions dread: Beethoven and Bruckner had got no further than nine, and he half seriously hoped to cheat death by stopping his numbering at eight’. (Cooke 1980, p.104) However others say this isn't the whole truth and that it wasn't named No.9 because this song meant a lot more to him. The song was separated into six separate movements, each of these became their own individual song. However it is the first movement - Drinking song of the Earths Wretchedness, I will be analysing. Throughout Mahler’s song of the earth there was completely full of a range of colour and different moods and emotions. In his first movement, Drinking song of the Earths Wretchedness, it started off with such a great display and sense of alcoholic bravado as it begins with this fanfare...
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...“Discuss the circumstances that led to Arnold Schoenberg’s revolutionary break with tonality. Address the musical context in which Schoenberg was working. Give an account of the break itself through relevant examples, and discuss some of the compositional problems Schoenberg encountered and his solutions to them.” Jordan Roche Perhaps the single most influential composer of the 20th century, Arnold Schoenberg was born into a modest, lower middle-class Jewish family in Vienna on September 13, 1874. Though his mother was a piano teacher, for the most part he taught himself music and only took counterpoint lessons with the composer Alexander von Zemlinsky. As a young adult, he made a living primarily by orchestrating operettas while composing his own works. During this early part of his career, his works were a fusion of the divergent styles of Brahms and Wagner, and he gained the support of both Richard Strauss and Gustav Mahler. Though Strauss would later denounce Schoenberg's music, Mahler took him under his wing and continued to support him. This essay will cover Schoenberg’s break from tonality from a musical perspective, the problems he faced with this new harmonic language, and his solutions to them. Schoenberg was in his mid-thirty’s when he made the break from tonality. This means there is a time period of about 15 years where he explored, thought about and expanded his relationship with tonality. As previously mentioned, Schoenberg was influenced by Gustav Mahler...
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...Top 100 Essay Upon examining the world, one will find many great people who have shaped the one we live in today. Despite the significance of them all, it is important to be able to narrow them down to a list of one hundred or so. From there, the true test is to be able to tell which person had a bigger effect on our state of being than the other. Starting with a list that has already been compiled, this essay will rank each historical figure by their impact on the world. (Please note that this list was compiled based on a western perspective.) Topping the list at #1 is Muhammad. As the Prophet of Islam, Muhammads, s.a.w, teachings have reached and inspired many societies and their people. His teachings also indicate the best way to think and therefore live. At #2 is Jesus Christ, whose place as the central figure of Christianity has impacted the lives of his believers, all 2 billion of them (give or take). His existence has lead to the many holidays and churches that occupy mainly, western society. At #3 is Gautama Buddha, who is the spiritual teacher and founder of Buddhism. Lord Buddha has played a large role in the growth of many people of asian descent and offers a religion to the world that can be seen as very peaceful. At #4 is David, King of Israel or rather the Biblical King of Israel. As the founder of Jerusalem, he has empowered the Jewish nation to take on a large amount of influence in various aspects of the world, including the entertainment industry. At #5 is...
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...GRADE 9 Learning Module MUSIC (Qtr 1 to 4) Compilation by Ben: r_borres@yahoo.com MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 To the illustrator: Using the blank map of Europe, place pictures of ALL the composers featured in EACH UNIT around the map and put arrows pointing to the country where they come from. Maybe you can use better looking arrows and format the composer’s pictures in an oval shape. The writers would like to show where the composers come from. I am attaching a file of the blank map and please edit it with the corresponding name and fill it the needed area with different colors. Please follow the example below. (Check the pictures of the composers and their hometowns in all the units.) Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 1 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 Time allotment: 8 hours LEARNING AREA STANDARD The learner demonstrates an understanding of basic concepts and processes in music and art through appreciation, analysis and performance for his/her self-development, celebration of his/her Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and expansion of his/her world vision. key - stage STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of music and art of the Philippines and the world, through appreciation, analysis, and performance, for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision...
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...ARTS TEACHERS’ GUIDE Grade 9 ARTS Teacher’s Guide Unit I WESTERN CLASSICAL ART TRADITIONS GRADE 9 Unit 1 ARTS TEACHERS’ GUIDE GRADE 9 Unit 1 WESTERN CLASSICAL ART TRADITIONS LEARNING AREA STANDARD The learner demonstrates an understanding of basic concepts and processes in music and art through appreciation, analysis and performance for his/her self-development, celebration of his/her Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and expansion of his/her world vision. key - stage STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of music and arts of the Philippines and the world, through appreciation, analysis, and performance, for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. grade level STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of Western music and the arts from different historical periods, through appreciation, analysis, and performance for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. CONTENT STANDARDs The Learner: demonstrates understanding of art elements and processes by synthesizing and applying prior knowledge and skills demonstrates understanding that the arts are integral to the development of organizations, spiritual belief, historical events, scientific discoveries, natural disasters/ occurrences and other external phenomenon ...
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...THE RULES OF THE GAME: NOUVELLE EDITION FRANCAISE/THE KOBAL COLLECTION DEEP FOCUS CANON FODDER As the sun finally sets on the century of cinema, by what criteria do we determine its masterworks? BY PAU L SC H RA D E R Top guns (and dogs): the #1 The Rules of the Game September-October 2006 FILM COMMENT 33 Sunrise PREFACE THE BOOK I DIDN’T WRITE I n march 2003 i was having dinner in london with Faber and Faber’s editor of film books, Walter Donohue, and several others when the conversation turned to the current state of film criticism and lack of knowledge of film history in general. I remarked on a former assistant who, when told to look up Montgomery Clift, returned some minutes later asking, “Where is that?” I replied that I thought it was in the Hollywood Hills, and he returned to his search engine. Yes, we agreed, there are too many films, too much history, for today’s student to master. “Someone should write a film version of Harold Bloom’s The Western Canon,” a writer from The Independent suggested, and “the person who should write it,” he said, looking at me, “is you.” I looked to Walter, who replied, “If you write it, I’ll publish it.” And the die was cast. Faber offered a contract, and I set to work. Following the Bloom model I decided it should be an elitist canon, not populist, raising the bar so high that only a handful of films would pass over. I proceeded to compile a list of essential films, attempting, as best I could, to...
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