...Finance Theories Taxonomy 1 Finance Theories Taxonomy 2 Finance Theories Taxonomy This document presents a taxonomy of selected finance theories developed in past 5 decades by academics, practitioners and scholars in the United States, Europe, Asia and Latin America. A total of 14 theories and models are synthesized in this work, organized in five tables with the same structure: Theories of capital structure; capital budgeting and cost of equity; asset valuation, financial behavior and international finances. Each table contains theories organized alphabetically with an indication of its germinal or current character. The description of the theory is accompanied by current examples of empirical research that updates or contradicts the theory and additional information about limitations, scope and opportunities of research. Finance Theories Taxonomy 3 Table 1 Finance Theories Taxonomy: Theories of capital structure Theory General description Current examples of the theory Other attributes Modigliani and Miller Germinal theory of corporate finance A review of the theory by Criticism against flaws of M& M theory Theory of investment proposed by Miller and Modigliani Miller himself, offers a new (Ball, 2001) (1958) argues that “the value of a firm view about the so called ‘junk 1. Market perfection. M&M assumed is independent of its capital structure” bonds’ which were considered information was...
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...Steven W. Simmons Sr. University of Phoenix Business Structures Fin/571 – Corporate Finance Oscar Lewis August 16, 2014 Business Startup When making important business decisions, the concepts of corporate finance tend to be the best model to use. These concepts offer proven methods, which improve the financial success. Discussed below are basic corporate financial concepts, which can be applied and yield positive results. Principles of Corporate Finance When dealing with business investments most commercial entities have used corporate financing in the company. The principle of self-interested behavior is the principle which creates a financial advantage for all parties involved when the playing field is equal or all components associated with the deal are equal. As we strive to gain a deeper comprehension of business transactions through human behavior we find that each of the 12 principles carry invaluable weight to the success or failure of the company. Comparative advantage, diversification, options, risk-return tradeoff, signaling, and valuable ideas are some of the principles used in business dealings. Financial principles, financial markets, and business ethics form a foundation for the financial decisions that managers routinely make. Accounting Net Income and Cash Flows Changing a business from one process or industry to another will completely alter the process of recording business...
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...Business Structures Alan FIN/571 1/21/16 Afredo Alpeaz Business Structures Business Startup When making important business decisions, the concepts of corporate finance tend to be the best model to use. These concepts offer proven methods, which improve the financial success. Discussed below are basic corporate financial concepts, which can be applied and yield positive results. Principles of Corporate Finance When dealing with business investments most commercial entities have used corporate financing in the company. The principle of self-interested behavior is the principle which creates a financial advantage for all parties involved when the playing field is equal or all components associated with the deal are equal. As we strive to gain a deeper comprehension of business transactions through human behavior we find that each of the 12 principles carry invaluable weight to the success or failure of the company. Comparative advantage, diversification, options, risk-return tradeoff, signaling, and valuable ideas are some of the principles used in business dealings. Financial principles, financial markets, and business ethics form a foundation for the financial decisions that managers routinely make. Accounting Net Income and Cash Flows Changing a business from one process or industry to another will completely alter the process of recording business transactions. For a company to be considered profitable or successful...
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...Guillermo Furniture Store Concepts FIN/571: Corporate Finance Guillermo Navallez, owner of Guillermo’s Furniture Store (GFS) experienced diminishing profit margins as operating costs increased and prices decreased steadily during the late 1990s. Two factors triggered the aforementioned. One, a new competitor started using computer programmed machinery to make high quality, but less expensive furniture. Two, improved infrastructure and new businesses created jobs, creating an influx of workers and substantial increases in labor costs. The purpose of this paper is to explain 12 finance principles and concepts learned in week one and discuss how Navallez can apply said concepts to maximize his company’s value (University of Phoenix, 2009). The scope of this discussion encompasses the 12 concepts foundational to corporate finance. The 12 principles are self-interested behavior, two-sided transactions, signaling, behavioral, valuable ideas, competitive advantage, options, risk-return trade-off, diversification, capital market efficiency, and time-value-of-money (Emery, Finnerty, & Stowe, 2007). Principles and Concepts Self-interested behavior dictates that people tend to act in their best financial interest. For Navallez, selling or another company acquiring GFS was not in his best financial interest. Conversely, he believed that transforming his company into a distributorship was financially viable and would allow him to maximize family time. GFS and its Norway competitor...
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...Steven W. Simmons Sr. University of Phoenix Business Structures Fin/571 – Corporate Finance Oscar Lewis August 16, 2014 Business Startup When making important business decisions, the concepts of corporate finance tend to be the best model to use. These concepts offer proven methods, which improve the financial success. Discussed below are basic corporate financial concepts, which can be applied and yield positive results. Principles of Corporate Finance When dealing with business investments most commercial entities have used corporate financing in the company. The principle of self-interested behavior is the principle which creates a financial advantage for all parties involved when the playing field is equal or all components associated with the deal are equal. As we strive to gain a deeper comprehension of business transactions through human behavior we find that each of the 12 principles carry invaluable weight to the success or failure of the company. Comparative advantage, diversification, options, risk-return tradeoff, signaling, and valuable ideas are some of the principles used in business dealings. Financial principles, financial markets, and business ethics form a foundation for the financial decisions that managers routinely make. Accounting Net Income and Cash Flows Changing a business from one process or industry to another will completely alter the process of recording business...
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...challenges the basic premise built into corporate finance theory, teaching and practice. Corporate finance theory, teaching and the typically recommended practice are all built on the premise that the primary goal of a corporation should be shareholder wealth value maximization. Extant theoretical and empirical research in financial economics also generally accept shareholder wealth maximization as the normative and ideal goal on which all business decisions should be based. This paradigm assumes that there are no externalities and all the participants engaged in transactions with the firm are voluntary players competing in free, fair and competitive markets. A very different view is offered by what is loosely called stakeholder theory. The stakeholder theory posits that the focus on shareholders and firm value is misplaced and managers should be concerned with all stakeholders of the firm. The paper attempts to address what is felt as a lack of dialogue between the two camps. INTRODUCTION Corporate finance theory, teaching and the typically recommended practice at least in the US are all built on the premise that the primary goal of a corporation should be the maximization of shareholder value. Extant theoretical and empirical research in financial economics also generally accepts shareholder wealth maximization as the normative and ideal goal on which all business decisions should be based. A quick survey of several corporate finance textbooks reveals this approach...
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...Customer Insights and Analytics group uses new research methods and, more importantly, has the ability to measure and interpret the data to gain insight into customer needs and behavior. It’s just another way Walmart is committed to pushing the limits of technology to accelerate our vision of helping people save money and live better – all across the globe. As a steward of our brand promise, "Save Money. Live Better,” our Marketing team works alongside some of the most talented people in the world to communicate with the millions of customers who shop our stores, clubs and walmart.com every week. Accounting & Finance In Walmart’s Finance and Accounting departments, your insights go further, impacting business and communities in 27 countries, under 69 different banners and in every corner of the business, from Enterprise Risk Management to Sustainability. For instance, our Global Shared Services group aggregates and streamlines much of the financial and payroll services for Sam’s Club and Walmart in North America, while Global Internal Audit helps ensure that each store operates in the most cost-efficient way. And our Global Integrated Processes team reduces redundancies, maximizes efficiencies and simplifies our back-office processes. These are just a few of the many groups within Accounting & Finance, each responsible for vital services that impact our entire company. Our projects range from...
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...M Finance Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam - Fac. der Economische Wet. en Bedrijfsk. - M Finance - 2012-2013 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam - Fac. der Economische Wet. en Bedrijfsk. - M Finance - 2012-2013 I Inhoudsopgave Vak: Institutional Investments and ALM Vak: Valuation and Corporate Governance Vak: Thesis Vak: Asset Pricing Vak: Derivatives and Asset Management Vak: Empirical Finance Vak: Research Project Finance Vak: Financial Markets and Institutions Vak: Private Equity and Behavioral Corporate Finance for Finance Vak: Financial Risk Management (Quantitative Finance) Vak: Real Estate Management Vak: Adv Corporate Finance 4.1 Vak: Valuation and Corporate Governance for Finance Vak: Institutional Investments and ALM for Finance 1 2 3 3 4 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam - Fac. der Economische Wet. en Bedrijfsk. - M Finance - 2012-2013 II Institutional Investments and ALM Course code Credits Language of tuition Faculty Coordinator Teaching staff Teaching method(s) E_FIN_IIALM () 6.0 English Fac. der Economische Wet. en Bedrijfsk. prof. dr. C.G.E. Boender prof. dr. C.G.E. Boender, prof. dr. T.B.M. Steenkamp Lecture Course objective Achieve advanced knowledge of the investment process of institutional investors, like pension funds and insurers. The main objective is to fully understand the most important theoretical concepts in the institutional investment process and the way these concepts are used in practice. After following the...
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...Guillermo has researched and used financial concepts to aid his thought process to turn business around and continue to remain open. Some of these concepts will be related in this paper. Self-Interested Behavior Guillermo, as a business owner follows one of the first principles of finance that the decisions made in his business are made in his own self-interest. “This principle says that when all else is equal, all parties to a financial transaction will choose the course of action most financially advantageous to themselves” (Emery, Stowe, & Finnerty, pg. 20 2007). Guillermo has kept his operation small over the years and enjoyed his modest success by choice. As a business owner every decision made effects his life. When faced with new competition Guillermo considered expanding through acquisition. He chose not to do so, as “that could affect his time with his family in ways that he will not enjoy” (University of Phoenix Student Portal Corporate Finance, par. 3, 2012). Behavior Principle Based on Guillermo’s decision to remain local and independent, he conducted research into his competition to understand how they operate and what made them successful. This was done not only to aid in continued competition but also to see what he could do differently. Guillermo is using the behavior principle by looking at what others are doing...
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...MP A R Munich Personal RePEc Archive The Pecking Order, Trade-off, Signaling, and Market-Timing Theories of Capital Structure: a Review Anton Miglo University of Bridgeport 2010 Online at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46691/ MPRA Paper No. 46691, posted 6. May 2013 19:07 UTC The Pecking Order, Trade-off, Signaling, and Market-Timing Theories of Capital Structure: a Review Anton Miglo Associate professor, University of Bridgeport, School of Business, Bridgeport, CT 06604, phone (203) 576-4366, email: amiglo@bridgeport.edu. This version: 2013 Initial version: 2010 Abstract. This paper surveys 4 major capital structure theories: trade-off, pecking order, signaling and market timing. For each theory, a basic model and its major implications are presented. These implications are compared to the available evidence. This is followed by an overview of pros and cons for each theory. A discussion of major recent papers and suggestions for future research are provided. Introduction The modern theory of capital structure began with and the famous proposition of Modigliani Miller (1958) that described the conditions of capital structure irrelevance. Since then, been changing these conditions to explain factors driving capital many economists have structure decisions. Harris and Raviv (1991) synthesized major theoretical literature in the field, related these to the known empirical evidence, and suggested promising avenues for future research. They argued...
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...Islamabad Campus, Pakistan Abstract: This study measures the relationship between organizational performance and financial management practices like capital structure decision, dividend policy, investment appraisal techniques, working capital management and financial performance assessment in Pakistani corporate sector. Sample of the study consisted of forty companies operating in Pakistan, related to different sectors and listed at Karachi Stock Exchange. The finance executives and financial analysts of the companies responded to questionnaire that identified through company profiles and references. The questionnaires were self administered to collect the data from respondents. The results show a positive and significant relationship between financial management practices and organizational performance in Pakistani corporate sector. Key words: Corporate sector % Financial management practices % Karachi stock exchange % Organizational performance INTRODUCTION The corporate sector plays a vital role in the economic outlook of any country. Financial literature suggests that capital structure has a greater impact on the economic system [1] and managers should identify the ideal corporate structure for the company [2]....
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...This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Asymmetric Information, Corporate Finance, and Investment Volume Author/Editor: R. Glenn Hubbard, editor Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press, 1990 Volume ISBN: 0-226-35585-3 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/glen90-1 Conference Date: May 5, 1989 Publication Date: January 1990 Chapter Title: Investment, Financial Factors, and Cash Flow: Evidence from U.K. Panel Data Chapter Author: Michael Devereux, Fabio Schiantarelli Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c11476 Chapter pages in book: (p. 279 - 306) 11 Investment, Financial Factors, and Cash Row: Evidence from U.K. Panel Data Michael Devereux and Fabio Schiantarelli 11.1 Introduction Most empirical models of company investment rely on the assumption of perfect capital markets. One implication of this assumption is that, in a world without taxes, firms are indifferent to funding their investment programs from internal or external funds. However, there is a rapidly growing body of literature examining the possible existence of imperfections in capital markets and their effects on firms' financial and real decisions. In this paper we provide some econometric evidence on the impact of financial factors like cash flow, debt, and stock measures of liquidity on the investment decisions of U.K. firms. These variables are introduced via an extension of the Q model of investment, which...
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...repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. http://www.jstor.org Sun Oct 21 09:10:16 2007 Journal of Economic Perspectives-Volume 15, Number 2-Spring 2001-Pages 81-1 02 Capital Structure Stewart C. Myers he study of capital structure attempts to explain the mix of securities and financing sources used by corporations to finance real investment. Most of the research on capital...
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...Persistence and Cross-Section Of Corporate Capital Structure in Indonesia Angelia A. Ananda Clinton M. Yosua Fahressi Fahalmesta Fariz Muhamad Nanda R. Aditya Rio Nugroho Oktober 2013 1. Angelia.ananda@student.ssb.ac.id 2. Clinton.josua@student.ssb.ac.id 3. Fahressi.fahalmesta@student.ssb.ac.id 4. Fariz.muhamad@student.ssb.ac.id 5. Nanda.aditya@student.ssb.ac.id 6. Rio.nugroho@student.ssb.ac.id Abstract Introduction Capital Structure is a factor which essentially needed by a corporate. It is about how a firm finances the overall operations and growth using its combination source of fund. DER (Debt to Equity Ratio) is most likely ratio when talks about capital structure because it related to firm’s leverage. The interpretation of the relationship is when a firm increase the debt and holding the equity constant, DER will goes up. It will be followed by increase in levered value and attractiveness of the firm even though become riskier. Otherwise, there also another beneficial reason of using debt to do the operation and activity of the firm which is the presence of tax shield. Firm will be more profitable because the income will be taxed lower unless; in one condition tax could be zero. Moreover, there was a big question about “How do firms choose their capital structures?” Proportion of capital structure should be made based on calculation and analysis of a company needs. When the measurement is not critical or without good analysis...
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...Chapter 1 An Overview of Financial Management LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, students should be able to: • Explain the career opportunities available within the three interrelated areas of finance. • Identify some of the forces that will affect financial management in the new millennium. • Briefly explain the responsibilities of the financial staff within an organization. • Describe the advantages and disadvantages of alternative forms of business organization. • State the primary goal in a publicly traded firm, and explain how social responsibility and business ethics fit in. • Define an agency relationship, give some examples of potential agency problems, and identify possible solutions. • Identify major factors that determine the price of a company’s stock, including those that managers have control over and those that they do not. • Discuss whether financial managers should concentrate strictly on cash flow and ignore the impact of their decisions on EPS. LECTURE SUGGESTIONS Chapter 1 covers some important concepts, and discussing them in class can be interesting. However, students can read the chapter on their own, so it can be assigned but not covered in class. We generally spend much of the first day going over the syllabus and discussing grading and other mechanics relating to the course. To the extent that time permits, we talk about the topics that will be covered in the course and the structure...
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