...BACKGROUND Biological psychology, also known as behavioral neuroscience, is defined as the application of the principles of biology to the study of physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of behavior in human and non-human animals. It usually looks in at the level of nerves, neurotransmitters, brain circuitry, and the basic biological processes that run hand in hand with the body's normal and abnormal instincts. Most of the time, experiments in this field of work involve non-human animal models such as rats, mice, and primates which contributes to evidence-based practice, which i suppose is somewhat rare in the general title of psychology. Biological psychology also has a strong history of contributing to the understanding of medical disorders including those that fall under the category of clinical psychology, and abnormal psychology. This certain field has contributed important therapeutic data on a variety of conditions such as parkinson's disease, huntington's disease, alzheimer's disease, clinical depression, schizophrenia, autism, and anxiety. CAREER INFORMATION: Studies in genetics, depth psychology, sociology, or environmental science may all contribute to a fundamental preparation of the field. Those hoping to enter the career should begin training at the undergraduate level, pursuing an associates or bachelors degree in any number of related fields, including biology, chemistry, physics, psychology, or pre med. Graduates of these programs may find...
Words: 330 - Pages: 2
...another debatable topic is the moral and ethical issues faced with this expanding sect of marketing. Neuromarketing: What is it? Neuromarketing is a new field of marketing research that studies consumers' sensorimotor, cognitive, and affective response to marketing stimuli. According to some, neuromarketing will change market research and marketing fundamentally. This new form of research is derived from the argument that people don't and can't really know what motivates them, because much of our mental processes are unconscious. However, the truth is that most decisions do involve both automatic, instinctive reactions, and elements of control and consideration. Tools of Neuromarketing: There are many tools used in the study of neuroscience to determine specific chemical changes as well as neurological changes in the human brain. It is the understanding that the researcher’s use of these tools can measure various levels of change in the human body when visually confronted with images and/or video clips. The results of these changes are then compared to the scientific theories of where these changes took place in the brain and what that part of the brain it correlates to. Many studies have shown that specific areas in the brain evoke emotions, such as anger, excitement, intenseness, sadness, feelings of self, reward, and happiness. Two main areas of focus are the Ventral Putamen, which is thought to process...
Words: 2850 - Pages: 12
...BNCS311 INTRODUCTION TO BRAIN AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES Electroencephalography (EEG) Brain Imaging: Function, Pros and Cons Submit To: Prof. Dr. Christian Wallraven Cognitive Systems Lab Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering wallraven@korea.ac.kr Done by: Dk Norhaziratulbillah Pg Hj Hashim 2015951229 Visiting Student Program (VSP) Spring 2015 One of the most complex systems that researchers are continuously demand to understand is the human brain. The human brain consists of billions of nerve cells or neurons connected via electrical and chemical activities (NeuroPro). In the early 20th century, German physiologist and psychiatrist named Hans Berger was the first to record these electrical activities in the brain and this was the birth of the electroencephalography (EEG) (Collura, 1993). The EEG is a brain imaging technique used to evaluate and diagnose brain disorders that affect brain activity for example, epilepsy, brain’s lesions, Alzheimer's disease, certain psychoses and a sleep disorder (Johns Hopkins Medicine). Berger’s first application of EEG was on the 6th July 1924 in a neurosurgical operation of the 17 years old boy who suffered from brain tumor (Collura, 1993). Since then, this technique had been increasingly practiced in many research as it can be seen that the EEG was mentioned in 3,950 research papers in 2000, 5,330 and 10,600 in 2005 and 2010 respectively. The basic components of the EEG machine include electrodes with conductive media...
Words: 1236 - Pages: 5
...Ian Gilbert Words by Sylvia Plath is a powerful poem that strikes at the very meaning of words and their potential. At first glance, feelings of strength and energy wash over the reader. When reading it out loud its almost impossible not to picture an overdramatic actor clenching their right hand and looking up to the sky. The use of the word indefatigable makes this poem quite self evident in the power and emotion spewing from that word. The emotion throughout the poem is almost direct pain. This is shown immediately with the first word “Axes.” After reading it a few times this word is still the most striking because words are like axes. They can be very painful. This pain can also be seen in the lines “Wells like tears” meaning more pain caused from words. From this the reader can infer that Plath was probably recently struck down by words. The next striking visual comes from the use of sound and the way sound acts. “Echoes traveling off the center like horses” giving the reader a great sense of indirect onomatopoeia and a stunning visual. A rock dropping into water gives a similar visual with the use of circles, making another reference to the way sound can have an impact. The final three words of the poem sum up at least some of the meaning within the poem. “Govern a life.” This is very accurate for the majority of us. We try not to, but we live the majority of our lives according to what we hear people say about us and what we should do. All these things that she described...
Words: 298 - Pages: 2
...The sin bin or Lucy’s heart I can see Lucy walking straight in my direction. She looks a little nervous, but focused on the same time. It has been a while since I have talked to her. It was before she became Bethan’s best friend. I miss her sometimes, but when I see her with Bethan, she is not the same Lucy I knew. She has changed a lot. I do not hope that she is pretending to be someone she is not. “Penny!” Lucy catches me in my way out of the door. “Oh. Hi Lucy” I am a bit confused. What does she want from me? “Please meet me down the subway after school” Lucy sounds nervous too. I cannot look her in the eyes, because she keeps looking in different directions. I can feel my face turning into a grimace you only see in a scary movie or something like that. I am not scared, but I think I look quite stupid or maybe just really choked. Now she hurries back to Bethan who is waiting for her at the other side of the schoolyard. It is all really confusing at that point. The time before my meeting with Lucy goes too slowly. I cannot wait to see what she wants from me. After school I walk down the subway to look for Lucy, but I cannot find her. Is this just a stupid joke? I cannot stop thinking that, until she appears out of nowhere. She comes straight to me with no sense of hesitation. Suddenly her hand hits my face, and a pain spreads through my whole body. I do not think it is just physic pain, because it really hurts that she could do that. The hitting part just reminds me of...
Words: 401 - Pages: 2
...Abortion: Death of an Innocent Abortion is a topic that is frequently discussed about and fought over as being truly immoral or moral thing to do. Many people view abortion as a way to get out of a sticky situation or merely as an option to get rid of something that they don’t need in their lives at the moment. Abortion is the procedure that directly goes into the mother’s stomach and kills the fetus from and inside and then is retrieve and thrown away. This procedure is just absolutely immoral and is killing an innocent unborn child. They say that the fetus is not alive until it is fully grown but in fact it still has a heartbeat and everything that makes it truly a living being. Abortion doctors claims that it is not living and nothing is wrong with killing it. I believe that abortion is wrong and should be outlawed in the state of California because the mother is affected emotionally and physically, it could endanger the woman’s body, and it is act of murder to an innocent unborn child. First I believe that abortion is wrong and should be outlawed in the state of California because the mother is affected emotionally and physically. Abortion takes a lot out of the mother during and after the procedure. While in the procedure the mother goes through physical pain when the doctor directly cuts the fetus from the mother and pulls it out to be merely thrown away like waste. There are possibilities that the doctor could miss during the procedure and damage or scar something...
Words: 386 - Pages: 2
...Journal #1 My speech wasn’t as bad as I thought it was going to be, but it could have been better if I put more time into getting more information from my partner. The body paragraphs needed to give more information and go into more detail. Although it wasn’t that bad of a speech giving the thought that we met up for about thirty minutes. Back in high school when someone was giving a speech, we, the audience always tried to make them laugh, or simply just didn’t pay attention to the speaker and did something else. Now the audience was paying attention and being respectful which calmed me down when giving my speech. As the speaker I needed to be more enthusiastic while giving my speech, because how is the audience going to be interested if I don’t even seem interested. I noticed very few people glancing at their phones or just with a blank look in their face; this made me relax a little more for some reason. Even though I could have had more information and gone more into detail, my speech did flow from the thesis statement to my conclusion paragraph. I was getting more nervous as the names kept getting closer to mine, once my partner Aldo, brought me up when he gave his speech, which calmed my nervousness down a bit because it wasn’t that bad being in front of the class and having everyone’s eyes looking at you. Once my turn came to speak, I took deep breaths as I made my way to the front of the classroom, and once there I paused, and took one last deep breath, and then...
Words: 388 - Pages: 2
...Brilliant Public Speaking XXXXXXXXXXX BCOM 275 June 30th, 2014 Dr. Rankin Brilliant Public Speaking After watching the “Brilliant Speaking Video”, I believe that I have so much more knowledge when it comes to speaking. I felt as if I kind of built more confidence especially with the tips that I’ve learned and never paid attention to before until I seen the video in this week’s chapter. In this week’s chapter, the video related to how language is important. Connecting with your audience emotionally is something that can persuade your audience on your beliefs. The video related to the chapter as to the benefits that you could receive from speaking. Being able to speak to people and make an impact by having them listen and believe in what you are saying and you have grabbed there attention is a start for a brilliant speaker. One of the best practices that were discussed in the video in which was more relevant to me was the timing. At times, I tend to make things too long and not just enough. This can make my speech very boring and uninteresting especially when trying to keep the audience’s attention. Learning to keep the audience interested by throwing a little sense of humor is definitely something that I will take with me. I believe that putting my emotions into some things will also benefit me in the end because that’s a way that the audience can connect with me. Another thing that interested me was staying hydrated. Drinking lots water the night before a speech...
Words: 447 - Pages: 2
...Question 1 Why is beer flavor important to Coors' profitability? People are ready to accept and try new flavors. The companies are in high competition to make new flavors to fulfil the customer needs and satisfaction. Most of the companies are making new flavors considering the customer trend and taste. Drinker’s choice depends on various factors, including mood, venue and occasion. Coors goal is to ensure that the customer select the Coors brand no matter what the circumstances. To be the customer’s choice brand, Coors needs to be creative and anticipate customer changing moods. There are different flavors and each have a particular flavor and these are detected through a panel tests. As this test take time, to achieve the customer satisfaction Coors have to understand the beer flavor based chemical composition. This may help to satisfy the customer taste and may help to increase the profitability of the firm. The people are ready to accept the new products in the market if it is reasonable and affordable price with the quality. Question 2 What is the objective of the neural network used at Coors? Neural networks was used to create a link between chemical composition and sensory analysis. The neural network was designed to understand the relationship between the input and output. The neural network consists of a MLP architecture with two hidden layers. Data were normalized within the network and enabling comparison between the results for the various sensory outputs....
Words: 574 - Pages: 3
...Biopsychological research uses images of the organs to study the brain. X-Rays were used to see the imaging of the organ, however, it was useless to use for visualizing the brian. Contrast X-Ray techniques involves injecting into one compartment of the body a substance that absorbs X-Rays either less than or more than the surrounding tissue. (Pinel, JJ 2011). A contrast X-ray technique is called cerebral angiography; it is to visualize the circulatory system. This X-Ray is useful for localizing vascular damage, but the displacement of blood vessels from their normal position also can indicate the location of a tumor. The standard X-ray that is used is the X-ray computed tomography (CT). The CT is used to visualize the image of the brain. An MRI is also used to visually see the brain. The MRI has more resolution and is a three dimensional image. It is able to see things a lot clearer than the CT. The PET is one of the first imaging techniques that was used to see the image of the brain activity. For example if a person was concentrating on a specific item for a few seconds, in a few seconds the portion of the brain that was active will then enlarge in the imaging. Functional MRI is shows the increase in the oxygen flow in the blood. The fMRI has several advantages over PET such as PET has to have an injection and fMRI does not. The fMRI shows both functional and structural of the brain on the same screen or image. The spatial resolution is better on the fMRI then PET and...
Words: 423 - Pages: 2
...Monique Sosa HLT 205 May 10, 2012 Dr. Roberts The Role of Eye Movements in E.M.D.R There are eight phases of treatment to E.M.D.R. throughout phases 4 through 6 of EMDR clients concentrate on their disturbing or desired occurrences at the same time as they attend to a dual attention stimulus. Eye movements dual attention stimulus are the most commonly used, but tapping, tactile stimulation, and auditory tones are used as well. These are generally offered in an alternating bilateral fashion – e.g., first to one ear, then the other, then the first ear, etc. It is believed that the dual attention component of EMDR aids information processing but, as with all methods of psychotherapy, the basic neurobiological motive for these results are unidentified even though some neurobiologists have suggested mechanisms of action. Presently there is research support for working memory philosophies and the direct response. A number of studies have suggested that the eye movement decreases emotional distress and memory intensity or enhance recall. Although eye movements are frequently thought of as its best distinct component, EMDR is not an easy procedure controlled by the practice of eye movements. It is a difficult psychotherapy, including many components that are reflected to add to treatment effects. Eye movements are used to hold the client’s attention to an external stimulus, while the client is concurrently concentrating on internal distressing material. Shapiro defines...
Words: 306 - Pages: 2
...published a book titled “The Organization of Behavior”, this is what helped open the eyes of many to the idea of biopsychology. Hebb’s theories on how the brain’s activities could be related to several different complex psychological phenomena’s (Pinel, 2009). 3. Name one to three important theorists associated with biological psychology. I believe that one of the most important theorists associated with biological psychology would have to be D.O. Hebb. His book being published opened up more minds to his therioies. It opened up the advancement for biological psychology and made it a major neuroscientific discipline. 4. Describe the relationship between biological psychology and other fields in psychology and neuroscience. With any subject of research most will not stand on their own, but will need other...
Words: 425 - Pages: 2
...Lauren's Story: "Recovery Takes Courage" At only 21, Lauren has been through more than most people twice her age. She has shown so much courage and her story is so inspiring. I think other girls struggling with eating disorders or body image issues can learn a lot from her. From a young age, Lauren struggled with anorexia and bulimia. Her eating disorders became much worse in high school and college when her weight dropped to a dangerously low level. She isolated herself from the world because of her fear of being forced to eat. At it's worst point, Lauren's eating disorder became so bad the she was having significant memory loss and could barely walk. It had gotten so bad that her therapist told her if she didn't get help she would die. After hearing this she checked herself into a treatment center to get help for her eating disorders. She had to re-nourish her body which was just as physically painful as it was emotionally. Lauren also had to confront her struggles with body image and learn to love her body as it is. While in treatment, Lauren learned that being raped and emotionally abused as a child significantly contributed to her eating disorders. A year and a half after leaving treatment, Lauren still struggles with body image issues, but she has made huge process and she accepts her body as it is. She relies on her coping mechanisms to help her through and is bravely facing everything that comes her way. So, to tell you why she is courageous I think is because it takes...
Words: 290 - Pages: 2
...peoples minds? 05/04/2014 Special accessories that can gather specific brain waves and tell us how people’s minds react to certain things have been amongst us for decades but new technology can now tell us more precisely which certain parts of the brain activate as people have to buy products, make certain brand choices or have to watch advertisements. Today, every neuroscientist’s dream of being able to have a look into the brain while it’s active has become possible! Rita Carter, a science writer, uses a perfect quote to describe this new achievement: “Brain-scan machines are opening up the territory of the mind, the same way the first ocean-going ships once opened up the globe.” Neuromarketing is the application of neuroscience into marketing to improve the ways of selling products. The application of brain-scan technology to marketing, especially the use of fMRI, a new device that captures images of the brain while it processes information, gave importance to this event. Ale Smidts, professor of marketing research, is who have gave the name to this new application in 2002 and Gerry Zaltman, professor at Harvard, is the first marketing specialist to introduce fMRI as a marketing technique. However, the idea of neuromarketing has been around for about forty years, even if no one had given a name to it until today. Neuromarketing is an improvement on the way that scientists a look inside people’s heads with devices. In the late 1960’s people were already using...
Words: 736 - Pages: 3
...Expectations and the Fear of Not Being Good Enough In a 2007 study of parental expectation, it was shown that 74.4% of foreign born parents expect their children to seek at least a bachelor’s degree (U.S. Department of Education). Particularly in international families, parents tend to have high hopes for their children. This can often be harmful for the children’s development due to the high amounts of pressure to succeed. Children often develop what is called atelophobia, or the fear of not being good enough or imperfect (Atelophobia Organization). Similar to people with OCD, as described in The Brain That Changes Itself, people with atelophobia have comparable troubles: “the more he thinks about his fear, however, the more he worries” (Doidge 165). Intrigued by this information, I shall be exploring the psychology of high expectations and the fear of not being good enough. Specifically, I intend to relate this to my own fears. In my experience dealing with this type of stress, I have found that my anxiety over the possibility of failure is amplified by the fact that I was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at the age of 5. By delving into the psychology of atelophobia and examining unique strategies for coping, I hope to implement a change in my own life. My end goal is to be able to lead a healthier life with less self-detriment and stress while coping with ADHD. Born in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Catharina Reinholz Sabó, my great-grandmother...
Words: 1775 - Pages: 8
