...Interpretation of the Pleas of Mary Fisher Mary Fisher’s speech “A Whisper of AIDS” is, for all intents and purposes, a persuasive speech. She offers no information in the speech—only commentary. She does not offer a bevy of facts or numerical figures as she orates to the crowd (presumably the Republican Party, based upon the text of the speech), and she does not cite scientific studies. She talks about her experiences as a woman with HIV, and her observations of the world as it reacts to others who are infected with HIV or AIDS. She is trying to persuade her audience to be mindful of the issue at hand, essentially. Analyzing the speech won’t be too difficult as long as we have an operative understanding as to her rhetoric, which stems from an understanding of the rhetorical modes. John Locke offered my favorite definition of rhetoric: “[Rhetoric,] that powerful instrument of error and deceit.” It is important to bear this definition in mind as we survey anything. It is, perhaps, a very cynical way to look at the world—but only in being a skeptic can one avoid misinformation. With that in mind, what are the rhetorical modes? Bill Stifler wrote the following on the subject, which sums them up very well: “Rhetorical modes are patterns of organization aimed at achieving a particular effect in the reader. Narration and Description are modes whose primary purpose is stirring the reader's emotions. Process, Cause/Effect, Comparison/Contrast, Illustration, Definition, and Classification/Division...
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...English 472 Spring 2007 Herrick Notes Herrick, James. A History and Theory of Rhetoric: An Introduction. 3rd edition. New York: Allyn and Bacon, 2005 Chapter Eight Enlightenment Rhetorics • late 17th – early 18th century known as the Age of Enlightenment • periods marks a transition in western thought when the questioning of the received truths of Christian tradition, the elevation of rationality over other sources of truth, looking for solutions to social problems by means of the scientific method, and perceiving the universe as governed by inviolable physical laws • 18th century marks a period in which rhetorical theory turned away from its traditional concern for the invention of arguments and toward aesthetic matters of style and good delivery • change influenced by Ramus and Descartes who moved argument and proof out of the domain of rhetoric and into the domains of logic, dialectic, and math • a rhetorical theory that distinguished the discovery of knowledge through reasoning from the communication of that knowledge • thus invention is subordinate to concerns about style, taste, delivery and the imagination • rhetoric again moved to the forefront of education but less concerned with inventing/producing public discourse and more concerned with consuming public discourse Vico on Rhetoric and Human Thought • Giambattista Vico 1668-1744 • Italian philosopher, Lawyer, historian, student of ancient Rome, rhetorician ...
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...How Was Adolf Hitler So Persuasive? by Josh Wilmoth accessed at http://joshwilmoth.hubpages.com/hub/Adolf-Hitlers-Tremendous-Persuasive-Ability on 7 March 2014. [pic] Hitler gives a speech at the Kroll Opera House Source: Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-1987-0703-507 / unbekannt / CC-BY-SA 3.0 [CC-BY-SA-3.0-de, Wikimedia Commons all 4 photos Why Study Hitler's Persuasive Method? Adolf Hitler is considered to be perhaps the most villainous man of the twentieth century. His vile and ruthless deeds are common knowledge. In fact, the name Hitler has now become synonymous with evil. What many often forget, however, is that Hitler was not only a coldblooded tyrant but that also a brilliant persuader of men. He personally oversaw the deaths of millions of people, including the near extermination of the Jewish race while maintaining the full support of the German people. The entire German population was certainly not as heartless and cruel as Hitler was, so it stands to reason that Hitler must have been a masterful propagandist in order to persuade the Germans that his policies were necessary and just. However, one must remember that Hitler was not born the cruel, vicious tyrant that he became. His life was governed by both his choices and his life experiences, so it is important to examine these along with his persuasive method to gain a comprehensive understanding of why he used his gift of persuasion in the way that he did. [pic] Hitler during World War I. Can you identify him...
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...Convince Me Not What strikes more in the heart of the people, fear or freedom? Patrick Henry writes, “Give me Liberty, or give me Death!” (4) He speaks at the Virginia Convention to convince the delegates that the war with Britain is inevitable and they should not wait to act. He appeals to the people mainly through biblical allusions, something heavily waited in the hearts of the Americans and greatly persuasive in his points. He uses rhetorical questions to make the people reflect on their future based on the actions they decide on today. Jonathan Edwards pushes at a different angle in “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,” he is not passionately fighting for what he wants; he speaks calmly with warning of the terrible fate sinners have...
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...change the perceptions of their audience. Politicians throughout history have used the power of rhetoric to get their views across, whether it was for a political election campaign or a speech for freedom and equality. Dr Martin Luther King Jr’s (MLK) Washington speech was one of the most important in the history of racial equality and sparked the world wide battle for racial equality. During the 2008 election campaign for presidency Barack Obama delivered his ’Yes we can’ speech, addressing all Americans to tell them that change was possible. Both men were black and wanted change and achieved it by delivering effective...
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...Martin Luther King Jr. was an activist for desegregation of the south in the early 1960s and overcame much adversity to attain incredible gains on the segregation issue in the United States. King uses effective persuasive appeals of logical evidence, emotional appeal, and author credibility to win over his audience in “The Letter from Birmingham Jail.” MLK’s writing shows the effects of segregation in Birmingham with clear direct language and heart wrenching examples. Imagine being put in his position. If your family and friends were being treated cruelly and unjustly would you not help them in any way possible, especially if included in the mistreated group? After reading MLK’s letter, maybe you would see things in a different way with his convincing examples of logical and emotional appeal. Martin Luther King proves his credibility by several factors. The first way King proves he is a credible author is the fact that he is in the Birmingham jail. He is arrested while protesting in the city. The reader can believe that MLK is writing about something that he is well versed in because he shows that he has experienced it firsthand. Another way that Martin Luther King shows he’s plausible is by stating “I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference,” (654) which has many affiliates across the southern United States. King leads protests for his affiliates that need help in the national struggle for human rights. He has personally protested...
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...Areopagitica is a written condemnation of pre-publication censorship that has paved a way for the establishment of free speech and the freedom of the press in modern day era. However, this book caused a “lively controversy” in the English public back in 1644, where it challenged the English government, Parliament, on the morality of the licensing law in effect (Sabine viii). Milton displays his skills and knowledge as a Cambridge scholar, by expertly attacking Parliament’s religious belief, empathy, and logic with the use of subordinating styles. The subordinate styles that Milton uses are causality, temporality, and precedence. To help identify these subordinate styles the use of Stanley Fish’s book, How to Write a Sentence and How to Read One, will be critical, as it breaks down and describes each subordinate style. According to Fish, the following are the descriptions of the subordinate styles: causality is when “one event or state is caused by another;” temporality is when “events and states are prior or subsequent to one another;” precedence is when “events and states are arranged...
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...Critical Thinkers Jesse Dominguez PHL/458 Dec 02, 2013 DR. Critical Thinkers The Twentieth Century, the year 1901, ended up being a period of progress, splendor, devotion, and newly discovered innovation. From plume pens to ink pens, horse-attracted carriages to gas controlled motors, subjugation and isolation of Blacks and Whites to the Civil Rights development, and from penmanship on tablets to saving imperative data in a Pc; the Twentieth Century made a gigantic measure of positive commitments to social order. The commitments made in the Twentieth Century are frequently over-searched and underestimated. Americans specifically have come to be sort of ruined with that is "just there." What is overlooked and might as well regularly is; without the honesty and commitment inside the imaginative personalities of the Twentieth Century, the United States might be existing as though it were still 1901 as opposed to 2012. Numerous people are answerable for the development of this time. Two of the most powerful, however every had a differentiate goal, are Martin Luther King and Bill Gates. Both men helped a noteworthy sum, and will be remembered for all time as people who changed the way the America worked directly, socially, and politically. Martin Luther King was a standout amongst the most persuasive social liberties activists and speakers of all time. Consistent with a Newsday article, King's mission was to lead America into an all the more tolerating place with the...
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...Jordan Beard Mrs. Laney English III 10 April 2014 “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” Research Paper Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s speech “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” is considered to be one of his most powerful and effective speeches, considering that it gave not only the black community of Memphis, TN, but all supporters of the nation, the courage to continue a long journey for freedom. His figure as a speaker and a leader had a positive impacting effect on the nation as a whole. On February 1, 1968, during a heavy rainstorm in Memphis, two black sanitation workers, Echol Cole and Robert Walker, were crushed to death by a faulty garbage truck compactor to stay out of the rain (“Martin Luther King Jr”). The City of Memphis, under Mayor Henry Loeb, in order to preserve money in the economy, had continued to use this old and outdated machinery in the Public Works Department when it should have been discarded (Honey). “The city paid most of its 1,300 sanitation workers a minimum wage of one dollar and sixty cents per hour; they worked until their routes were done, often putting in sixty hours a week at forty hours of pay” (Honey). The wages of these workers were so low that they were forced to live on welfare as well as food stamps to simply live day to day and feed their families (“Sanitation Workers Strike”). The city provided unskilled black workers with no job benefits, no access to supervisory jobs, no rights or respect and minimal health coverage. The families of both...
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...A BRIEF CONTENTS PART 1 • GETTING STARTED 1. Becoming a Public Speaker 2. From A to Z: Overview of a Speech 3. Managing Speech Anxiety 4. Ethical Public Speaking 5. Listeners and Speakers 1 2 8 1 4 23 30 PART 2 • DEVELOPMENT 6. Analyzing the Audience 7. Selecting a Topic and Purpose 8. Developing Supporting Material 9. Locating Supporting Material 10. Doing Effective Internet Research 1 Citing Sources in Your Speech 1. 36 37 49 57 64 73 83 PART 3 • ORGANIZATION 1 Organizing the Speech 2. 1 Selecting an Organizational Pattern 3. 1 Outlining the Speech 4. 92 93 103 1 10 PART 4 • STARTING, FINISHING, AND STYLING 15. Developing the Introduction and Conclusion 16. Using Language 1 22 1 23 1 31 PART 5 • DELIVERY 1 Choosing a Method of Delivery 7. 18. Controlling the Voice 19. Using the Body 1 39 1 40 1 44 1 48 PART 6 • PRESENTATION AIDS 20. Types of Presentation Aids 21. Designing Presentation Aids 22. A Brief Guide to Microsoft PowerPoint 154 155 161 164 PART 7 • TYPES OF SPEECHES 23. Informative Speaking 24. Persuasive Speaking 25. Speaking on Special Occasions 1 74 1 75 188 21 7 PART 8 • THE CLASSROOM AND BEYOND 230 26. Typical Classroom Presentation Formats 27. Science and Mathematics Courses 28. Technical Courses 29. Social Science Courses 30. Arts and Humanities Courses 31. Education Courses 32. Nursing and Allied Health Courses 33. Business Courses and Business Presentations 34. Presenting in Teams 35. Communicating in Groups 231 236 240 243 246 248 25 1 253 258...
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...DRAFT! Rule in Bensalem: Francis Bacon’s Island “Utopia” in his New Atlantis Evan M. Lowe University of North Texas Abbreviations The following abbreviations for Bacon’s works have been employed for in-text citations in the name of textual cleanliness. Each work refers to the cited publication in the bibliography. In cases where applicable (eg. New Organon, Advancement), I have also indicated the place in the text by markers common to all editions -- book number, chapter, section, aphorism, essay number. The page number in the cited edition follows a comma where such information is helpful. AL The Advancement of Learning DA de Dignitate et Augmentis Scientarum Essays Essays or Counsels Civil and Moral (1625) GI The Great Instauration ;NA New Atlantis NO Novum Organum PFB Philosophy of Francis Bacon Preface Preface to the Great Instauration PW Plan of the Work (in Weinberger 1989) WA Of the Wisdom of the Ancients INTRODUCTION Understanding political judgment in Baconian terms necessitates an investigation of the question of who rules in Bensalem, Bacon’s island “utopia” presented in his New Atlantis. Only by answering this question might one know where to look for one who either possesses or is in a position to exercise such judgment. By locating the individual(s) who exercise political power, one might begin to come to an understanding of the qualities, disposition, and capacity – both moral and intellectual – of one who exercises judgment...
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...resolved. In this paper I will try to present first the rich beginning of communication theories and in light with this development context follows my presentation on the varied problems confronted the field of communication theories as well my personal views on the matter. Historical Beginning There are two insights into how communication theory came into being – the religious view and the philosophical aspect. Although most of communication theories book do not include the religious view, I find it necessary to take into account the dogmatic view to present the variations of its origin. The religious view is demonstrated in the Holy Bible especially in Genesis when God communicated with man and man had the ability to communicate with Him and with each other. It is no wonder then that other writers of Bible theorize about communication. Notably, the Old Testament portrays the usage of communication through figures of speech, especially through metaphors. Metaphors were widely used to intimate deeper meaning in speech and writing. This attribute is well observed in the books of Proverbs and Psalms. As such, the pre-Christian era was well founded in communication through language use and mastery. Aside from the religious views of the communication...
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...Sikhism: all people are made of the same god. Universal brotherness. Forbids exploitation of others, direct opposition of the caste system. No force unless no choice. The first Guru was Guru Nanak-founder/father of Sikhism. Came out of two prevalent religious forces of his time: Hinduism & Islam. The last Guru: Guru Gobind Singh: 10th guru bestowed the guruship forever to Sikh Holy Scripture, the Guru Granth Sahib. (11th guru: living text: Adi Granth)Guru: teachers/masters. Spiritual person or divine inner voice. Langar: Communal meal served to everyone in Gurdwara. Despite gender and caste. Gurdwara; Place of worship “the Guru’s door” 5 K’s: all outward symbols of the divine word. Kes (unshorn hair means spirituality) Kangha (wooden comb means order) Kirpan (miniature sword, meaning divine grace and order. Kara (Steel Bracelet means allegiance to the guru.) Kachh: short breeches means restraint. Role of women: More egalitarian, but still expected to conduct themselves with family. Still a patriarchal society. Women have contributions to the panth. They can seek initiation into the Kahlsa but must have male counterparts with them. Will participate in langar also. It is egalitarian (democratic, classless, unrestricted). 4 notions of guruship: Eternal guru-god as the true guru/ Personal guru- teacher is guru, channel through which the eternal guru speaks (spiritual successions), not always sons but who is worthy/ Guru Ganth- scripture as guru, scripture...
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...Prayer in School Katrina, Anthony, and Tab October 5, 2011 BCOM/275 Prayer in School Throughout our society, prayer in school has become extinct. Prayer is a form of communication or a way of talking to God or other saints (Richert, N.D.). Although prayer in school may focus on religion, violate the first amendment, and separation of church and state, there are both advantages and disadvantages of prayer in our schools. Being that we are a diverse society and everyone has his or her own personal opinion on prayer in our schools; it still remains one of the most controversial issues today. The decision to take prayer out of public schools has become one of the most controversial issues throughout our society. The argument of whether or not prayer should be allowed in public schools is still misunderstood. When determining whether or not prayer should be allowed in public schools, it is important to consider both the advantages and disadvantages. In our society, 90% of America’s youngsters attend public schools. The children that attend public schools come from homes that espouse a variety of religious and philosophical beliefs (www.au.org). The pros and cons of prayer in public schools are not a cut and dry issue. There are many avenues to this matter. Pros arguments that have been expressed by people that approve of prayer in schools argue to banish prayer takes away the student’s freedom and molds them to be like non-religious students (www.religioninschools...
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...be attributed to people simply on the basis of their race and that some racial groups are superior to others. Racism and discrimination have been used as powerful weapons encouraging fear or hatred of others in times of conflict and war, and even during economic downturns. Racism is also a very touchy subject for some people, as issues concerning free speech and Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights come into play. Some people argue that talking about supporting racial discrimination and prejudice is just words and that free speech should allow such views to be aired without restriction. Others point out that these words can lead to some very dire and serious consequences (the Nazi government policies being one example).Race: Are We So Different, Understanding Race, American Anthropological Association (AAA), July 8, 2009 In a short video the Understanding Race project from the American Anthropological Association says race is a powerful idea and an enduring concept, invented by society. It has also fostered inequality and discrimination for centuries, as well as influencing how we relate to other human beings. Curses of Racism in History Racism did not originate from a single source, but rather from a combination of several strands of historical development...
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