...to identify the different arguments made in regards to the use of animals in behavioral and biomedical research and the benefits of facilitating classroom room discussions amongst psychology students concerning this controversial topic. 2. Introduction Herzog H.A, (1990) believed that since the publishing of Singer’s book, Animal Liberations, in 1975, public concern over the ethical treatment of animals has significantly risen (p. 90). According to Rollin (1981, as cited by Harold, 1990) experimental psychology was “the field most consistently guilty of mindless activities that results in great suffering.” This debate has caused psychology students to question the use of animals in behavioral research. According to this article there are three reasons why discussing animal rights is crucial to psychology students. First, students should be conscious of political and social concerns associated with psychology that could have an effect on their lives. Second, animal rights issues raise questions related to psychology such as, “can animals think?” or “What are the essential differences between humans and animals?” Third, the use of animals in laboratory courses has received lots of censure (p. 90). To facilitate students to think about these issues, the author has designed a classroom exercise that has students making decisions about whether or not a series of theoretical proposals, pertaining to animal research, should be carried out (p. 91). 3. Methodology Psychology...
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...out to ride. It is amazing seeing an unresponsive child get on a horse and 45 minutes later have a totally different personality. Some of the children are more challenging to work with than others. Their attention spans can be short so keeping them focused and entertained can be difficult. One patient we had was a girl about age 12. While on the horse she would talk in song, in a soft tone. She loved being on the horse. When the therapist would tell her left and right she would start to respond and move the reigns. Every child has their own personalities and their own needs. Each child is matched with a horse depending on those needs. This takes great patience for all the participants. Safety is essential. That is why I am there. I volunteer to walk next to the horse, to control the horse, and to monitor the rider through the lesson. The therapist gives the rider commands in which they are to make the horse do. I have to let them be in control however I coax the horse and gently lead it in the right direction. During the day I prepare the horses. I clean their stalls, feed and water them, groom and tack them, and give them a quick warmup before the patients arrive. Horses have existed for over 50 million years, and in many ways...
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...decision is right or wrong. In life, people are faced with ethical dilemmas on a daily basis. Many times, the situation can be so complex that people want to do the right thing, but do not always follow their instinct. It can be common to go along with what is unethical due to feelings of fear from the consequences that may arise. This can happen anywhere and at anytime. Ethical dilemmas are constantly arising especially with animal experimentation. Animal experimentation is a very popular and widely used method to develop new medicines and to test the safety of products. These experiments are conducted whether they cause pain to the animal or not. In addition to causing the animal pain, these experiments can greatly diminish their quality of life. Animal experimenters are to be made aware of this ethical problem, and are instructed to make the process as humane as possible. There are two opposing sides to this ethical dilemma. The first side would be that conducting these experiments can benefit human life. The second side argues that it causes suffering to animals, the benefits to human beings are not proven, and alternative testing could always be provided. Animal rights extremists believe that those that experiment on animals have zero moral standing. However, the argument is whether conducting these experiments is morally right or wrong. The BBC (2014) states, “The lack of ethical self-examination is common and generally involves the denial or avoidance of animal suffering...
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...Does Granting Animals Human Rights Make Sense? University Does Granting Animals Human Rights Make Sense? Throughout history, there has been any number of people belonging to various groups that for one reason or another were persecuted, oppressed, or otherwise denied equality with the rest of society. Over time, these groups have either formed their own activism or received sponsorship from another group with the goal of achieving equality in the eyes of society, if not in the eyes of the law. Workers, women, minorities, and homosexuals are examples of such groups where the pursuit of what we have come to call human rights has both made history and changed society. This document will explore the question: “does granting animals human rights make sense?” While it is understood that human beings, the species Homo sapiens sapiens, are members of the animal kingdom, for the sake of this discussion use of the term “animals” will refer to those that are non-human. Much of the rhetoric emanating from the animal rights debate is highly emotionally charged. By approaching the issue from the perspective of a reasonable person, it is possible to strike a balance by ensuring the humane treatment of animals where human culture and purposes intersect with the animal kingdom. Often, the animal rights debate is referred to as though there were only two sides to the argument. One side would grant rights to animals that are equivalent to the rights humans strive to afford one another...
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...that come from animals, and do not use animal products. Products that vegans avoid could include: leather, fur, silk, beeswax and castor oil (Is it Vegan?). Some people seem to be confused by the idea of a vegan lifestyle. Many benefits are proven by studies to be effective due to a vegan diet. These have shown us that eating animal fats and proteins causes human bodies a great deal of harm, however when these are eliminated from a diet, many health diseases decrease. Some of these diseases include: diabetes, heart disease and hypertension. Aside from the numerous health benefits, animal rights are another reason why someone may go vegan. People who claim to be vegan, tend to avoid places where animals are kept for the sake of entertainment for humans. Circuses, fairs, zoos, aquariums would all be avoided. Animal rights aside,vegans also believe that their non consumption of animal products helps the environment. Studies have shown that a person consuming a vegan diet will still get the same amount of nutrients than someone who is not. However, there are also reasons not to transition into a vegan lifestyle. Vegans take very careful note of nutrition labels and calories, this intense watching of what one eats may lead to an eating disorder, due to the restrictiveness of what one can and cannot eat. Others feel that the there are better ways to get meat products, such as Farmer’s markets or Organic Farms, these tend to be more humane with their treatment of animals. With that...
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...Loving Animals to Death The Food Movement: 1. The purpose of this section is to get the reader thinking about the where the food comes from that they eat. Many people care more about how that animal was taken care of, how it was grown, and what was pumped into it, rather than what part of the animal they eat. Individuals are wanting justice for animals and hoping for more local farms that treat their animals fairly. The goal of food movement is that it is healthy, accessible, and to eliminate the corporation farms. This paragraph raises some questions about how people should go about this, and even questions if farmers should stop raising animals for consumption completely. 2. The writer effectively makes his opinions clear by using the example...
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...what we wish, if it serves a purpose for us. Christian views have often be accused of placing an emphasis on human domination of the world and therefore not taking an individual moral responsibility for the environment. This belief perhaps comes from the Bible itself where, in Genesis it says that humans are given "dominion over the fish…the birds…over all the earth" dominion, being defined as having sovereignty or control over everything means that if humans have dominion then God's creation is anthropocentric and therefore a human must do what he needs to do if it betters his quality of life, despite what future repercussions it may have. These anthropocentric ideas are reflected by Aristotle when he states "she (nature) has made all animals for the sake of man", because nothing that is made by nature is made purposeless or in vain. Peter Singer is critical of this Christian tradition as he says it places humans at the moral centre of creation while the environment appears insignificant. Singer...
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...Animal Equality: Effects of Giving Animals Rights PHI 103 Informal Logic June 2, 2014 Argument When it comes to animal equality it can be hard to imagine a dog, cat, or even a hamster of having equivalence. When I think of animals, I picture our pets, wild animals, and even those in which are consumed. The question of what is and what is not ethically appropriate in the treatment of animals has is debatable. Peter Singer’s provides a utilitarian arguments for why animals with a certain level of perceptive justify equal moral attention with humans. Introduction Singer calls for the establishment of a “liberation movement” comparable to those that remained emerging up throughout the dated in which he wrote his essay and attentive on such problems as gay, women’s and African-American rights. Noting how previously “legitimate” forms of judgment and prejudice, over time, correctly came to be observed as unfairly and immorally damaging towards definite classes of people, Singer argues that the time has come for a similar pledge to the rights of species that walk on four legs instead of two. The animal liberation movement, which was essentially begun by Singer’s book, Slate.com (2001) argues “It is ethically wrong to use animals in such a way that we cause them suffering, either by deprivation of essential components of a happy existence, or by causing them pain.” (Slate.com, 2001) The animal liberationists would like to disallow most medical experimentation using animal...
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...Merissa Acuna Aretha Matt English 102 5 November 2014 Animals and the Exemption of Their Rights Almost every American grew up eating some kind of meat or wearing some type of fur, leather, or wool, we grow up going to zoos and circuses, and some people even have pets like birds and rabbits at home in cages. We unknowingly exploit animals in every way possible. The impact that our actions have on these animals is never taken into consideration. Due to animals serving us humans several different purposes, the animal is forgotten. The idea of whether animals should have rights is at a peak in controversy. Animal rights activist believe animals have legal and moral rights the same way humans do. On the other hand there are several corporations...
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...Abstract The contents of this paper will consist of the concepts of the ratio of the benefits and risk, and defining ethics of the use of animals in research. Animal research is a topic which is ethically sound and a concerning manner to researchers of the psychological field. There are issues of tests run on the animals which are controversial in manner and a part of the (APA) American Psychological Association ethical issue. The APA is a organization for psychologists in the United States, and designs rules and guides the profession of psychologists as well as other medical personnel. The impact of the testing of animals in the research of psychology will be included in the discussion. Ethics in Psychological Research Paper Animals in Research Ethics help guide researchers around ethical dilemmas that may arise when conducting research. Example questions would be is it acceptable to avoid telling the participant of a study as to what the researcher is looking for and testing about? In what instances is it acceptable and when is it not? The development of research ethics helps guide researchers to find the necessary answer to the different question types (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, & Zechmeister, 2009). Conducting a scientific research is when researchers look for facts, try to prove theories, and declare the findings the truth, and those conducting research must use the ethics guidelines (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, & Zechmeister, 2009). The research study or...
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...TOPIC SUBJECT HEADINGS For use in Online Catalog (OPAC) SUBJECT HEADINGS For Sample Database Searches Abortion Abortion; Pro-Choice Movement; Pro-Life Movement Abortion Acid rain SEE ALSO Pollution Acid Rain Acid Rain Adoption (interracial, unmarried persons, gays) Adoption; Gay parents; Interracial adoption Adoption AIDS AIDS (Disease); AIDS (Disease) in children AIDS (Disease); Pediatric AIDS (Disease) Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Anorexia and Bulimia SEE Eating disorders Athletes and drugs Doping in Sports Drugs and Athletes Banking Bailout (2008) Bailout Battered women SEE ALSO Wife Abuse Abused women Conjugal abuse Birth control Birth control; Contraception Birth control; Contraception Black Reparations Movement Reparations; Slavery--Law and legislation Reparations Body language Body language; Gesture; Nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication Bullying Bullying Bullying; Cyberbullying Business ethics Business ethics; Corporations - Corrupt practices Business ethics; Business enterprises, Corrupt practices Capital punishment (Death Penalty) Capital punishment; Death row Capital punishment Cancer Cancer--Prevention SEE ALSO types of cancer, such asBreast--Cancer Neoplasms--Prevention and Control;Cancer Treatment Censorship SEE ALSO Freedom of the Press Censorship; Prohibited...
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...How Plant-base food diet is benefit us more than animal based food Eating is a decision that determines the quality of personal life in short and long term. Human as an omnivorous is a complex creature that for so many years survived on different foods depends on what nature provided him. Today, the idea of we are what we eat, is arguing every tiny ingredients in foods and statics worldwide have been done to take the best choices and higher the health life standard in the long run. Theses researches standardize the health with the most overall benefit for human body, environment and animals. Evidences shows, plant base foods without any compromises, vouches the health standard promises, provides friendliest result to environment as resources and applies ethical policies toward animal rights. While the definition of pleasure and deliciousness will remain as we desire, plant base foods prevents so many diseases and help us to reduce Obesity. As an essence, plant base food movement must be initiated as a culture and supported by federal policies because plant-based foods contrary to animal based food improves individual health, environmental issues and animal rights. Some thinks we would die without some sort of animal-based product and it can never be a strict vegan society. They tend to believe that most of nutrition in plant-based diet should be supplemented by pills to survive; and, why not eating real food instead of taking pills? In the other hand also, there...
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...uttermost important section of your body it controls every little movement, heartbeat, and the blood flow in your body. There are two components of the brain and that goes for both humans and animals too, they are separated into left and right sides and or halves. The left and right side of the brain has two different tasks and characteristics. The left side of the brain is the logical side of the brain it works with the verbal, digital, symbolic, and mathematical parts of your thinking process and reactions. This side of the brain is the side people benefit in school or at work or even being a teacher, going shopping and many other daily tasks. This is the non creative and musical side. You typically use this side of the brain in more serious moments. Unlike the right side of the brain. “ The right side of the...
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...Animal Experimentation Over millions of animals are used in experiments every year. There has been a controversy between animal rights supporters and scientist; whether it is right to use animals in experimental research. The research are usually conducted inside universities, medical schools, pharmaceutical companies, farms, and commercial facilities that provide animal testing services. Most animals are euthanized after being used in an experiment. Therefore animal experimentation should not be done. It should be against the law. Supporters of animal rights believe that animals have an inherent worth – a value completely separate from their usefulness to humans. Animals surely deserve to live their lives free from suffering and exploitation. All animals have the ability to suffer in the same way and in the same degree that humans do. They can feel pain, pleasure, fear, frustration, loneliness and motherly love. Animal rights is not just a philosophy – it is a social movement that challenges society’s traditional view to all non-humans animals exist solely from human use. Causing animals to die for science, for the sake of trying to save human lives, may be considered to some extent if it will contribute advancement of science, and it will be to the benefit of humanity. People and animals are completely different in genetics, therefore it is useless to use animals in experiments to see the effects of some substance. An animal may react different to a substance than what...
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...0736 Date of Submission: 03 / 16 / 2014 Title of Assignment: Legal, Ethical & Social Values on Having Animals In Captivity CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledge and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas of words, whether quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me specifically for this course. Student Signature: ___________________________ ******************************************* Instructor’s Grade on Assignment: Instructor’s Comments: I. Introduction II. Legal Section A. Licensing Requirements B. Accommodation C. Nutrition D. Sanitation and Disease Control E. Veterinary Care F. General Welfare G. Safety and Security H. Operations III. Ethics Section A. Utilitarian Ethical Analysis B. Kantian Ethical Analysis C. Aristotelian Ethical Analysis IV. Social Responsibility Section V. Conclusion VI. References ABSTRACT Animals are one of the most important things in my life, I have dedicated and I will dedicate my life to animals. This is why this paper is so important for me, but I am sure it is also same as important to the world. Now a days Animals in captivity is something that people is staring at more, they are starting to realize that there is nothing moral or ethical...
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