...“Forgotten Patriots who supported the American Struggle for Independence” Elizabeth Zane, better known as “Betty Zane,” is hailed as a heroine of the Revolutionary War for her defense of Fort Henry in the wilderness of West Virginia. She was born near the Potomac River in Berkeley County, Virginia on July 19, but the year is indefinite, with historians placing it between 1759 and 1766. In any case, Betty moved with her family at an early age to the area that now is Wheeling, West Virginia. The Zane family and a few others established Fort Henry in 1774. Living there was a testament to the family's boldness. Betty's older brother, the famous Ebenezer Zane, pioneered this area in the turbulent Ohio Valley, and the land was hardly “child-friendly.” Surrounded by thick woods, it was the home of Native Americans who became increasingly hostile because of encroachment on their lands. Beyond that, their move was illegal, as the colonists were defying a royal order that reserved land west of the Appalachian Mountains for natives. The treat of attack increased as the American Revolution Began back east. The tribes who lived beyond the Appalachians understandably wanted the British to put down the rebellion, and almost all of them allied themselves with the British.While living with the daily reality of a terrifying attack, the women of Wheeling also were busy with cooking, washing, sewing, weaving, and other household tasks without the supplies that most housewives could take...
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...Betty Friedan's Feminine Mystique Angelina C. Cosentino JRNL B1 Media and Society – Professor Garcia April 9th 2014 In 1957, Friedan was asked to conduct a survey of her former Smith College classmates for their 15th anniversary reunion; the results, in which she found that many of them were unhappy with their lives as housewives, prompted her to begin research for The Feminine Mystique, conducting interviews with other suburban housewives, as well as researching psychology, media, and advertising. She originally intended to publish an article on the topic, not a book, but no magazine would publish her article. In Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan wrote about women's inequality from men to women's equality to men. She also wrote about women accepting the inequality to women fighting for equality. Friedan comes across as a woman with strong beliefs that filled her book with a lot of effort and information. Her writing style proves that she has been in a feminist movement and that she has a passion for every word she put into this book. She also writes in a way that makes a person interested in what her beliefs are. Friedan has a mass amount of information to prove every point she has. She once stated that “Feminine Mystique” was her favorite work to write about. Her writing style proves each point she responds to. In Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan is attempting to persuade the reader to understand what she is trying to say. She wants people to know exactly what occurred...
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...Women and America During the 19th century, women in America were considered second class citizens. They were looked down upon by men, both physically and intellectually. Although they lived in a free country, women often were confined within their own homes. Women were stereotyped as being weak, delicate and frail and any type of “unconventional work” was deemed hazardous for them. A woman’s main responsibility in life was to be subordinate to her husband and maintain the duties of the home. Women’s rights, as one could imagine, were almost nonexistent. They could not own property, maintain their wages, sign contracts, hold political offices or vote. However through the turmoil of the Women’s Movement, new leaders began to emerge. After reading Ida B. Wells “The Southern Horrors" one sees the effect that her words had on shaping our country during the critical time of reconstruction. Slavery no longer existed in the south and African Americans were supposed to be equal citizens. However, they faced one of the cruelest practices any race has faced in America. Lynching and mob violence came into practice by white southerners after slavery had ended. Wells picked up her pen and began to show the world the true southern horrors that she and her people faced every day. The main justification for mob violence and lynching was to protect the white women's virtue. If they had any suspicion to believe that an African American man was with a white woman, they would not...
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...From Rosie the Riveter to I Love Lucy 1) Describe the post-WWII frustrations felt by women such as Betty Friedan Betty Friedan and other women were frustrated about their roles as women in society and in the household. Many women weren’t satisfied being the average housewife, they wanted to be someone and have their own personality. When women started working during WWII they found the role they wanted for themselves. After the war, most women stopped working and went back to being housewives. Betty Friedan was frustrated at this and didn’t understand why women stopped working. 2) During the era of “Rosie the Riveter”, what gains did women make in the workforce? How did these women feel about themselves and their contributions? What did society as a whole think? While most of the men were off fighting in the war, women were the only ones left to the work the men had left behind. Propaganda at one time discouraged women from competing with men for jobs, but when all the men went to war, women were then encouraged to join the workforce. These women felt they were greatly contributing to their country and families. While their husbands were earning low military pay, the working women were earning an additional income to help their families. Society believed that women should contribute to the war as much they could to help their men survive overseas. 3) What role did mass media play during the 1950s and 1960s in regard to supporting or undermining the “feminine mystique”...
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...Abigail Slekis Mr. Jacobs Research Paper May 24, 2016 Betty Friedan and the Women’s Rights Movement For many years, women in the United States were trapped within a strict set of social norms: they were expected to marry young and have children, not attend college, and quit their jobs in order to care for their children. It was not until the mid-1800s that women began to break away from this norm, but even then they were cautious not to disrupt society’s rules. Betty Friedan, a graduate of the University of California Berkeley and Smith College, was a key revolutionary whose involvement became a turning point in the women’s rights movement. Born Elizabeth Naomi Goldstein, Friedan was the daughter of former journalist Miriam Goldstein and...
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...have dictated that women should focus on domestic work. However, these women have deviated outside the norms of society. Through their dedication and determination, they have changed the way women are perceived – making them all incredible and extraordinary women who shaped America. Over the years women have been pushing for the same equality as men. Women are typically looked down upon and are ignored when it comes to standing up for their rights. In the 1960s an organization called the National Organization for Women was established. This main focus of the organization is to eliminate discrimination in the workplace, secure abortion, birth control and reproductive rights for all women, and end all forms of violence towards women. Betty Friedan wrote NOWs official mission statement which says, “…to take action to bring women into full participation in the mainstream of American society now, exercising all the privileges and...
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...World War II was an epic time for everyone and women were no exception. Men felt in control and believed they could do everything. Women were believed to stay at home, do the house work and take care of the children. But they had a different perspective toward things, they wanted to have rights and be able to work the same way men would to have more to look forward to in life while there husbands were away. In the Feminine Mystique Betty Friedan felt unhappy just like the women. She felt that women were only encouraged to be housewives and they wanted more than that. Physically and mentally the women were a wreck because they had to support there family psychically and mentally as well as dealing with their own depression and situations at home. During the Rosie the Riverter era women worked in factories which was viewed as a more masculine job. The women gained income from working in the factories and were able to support their family while their husband was away. The women felt good about their contributions because they felt equal now to men because they can work and do the same job any men would do. They were not depressed any more and when their husband would return from the war they were doing financially alright rather than struggling and feeling saddened until their arrival. Society's opinion towards women working masculine jobs viewed by some as something temporarily and when the husband's returned from the war it would be over and the women can just go back to being...
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...passed the Equal Pay Act. This made it illegal to pay men more than women for equal work. This was a great achievement in the Women’s Rights Movement and gave women the pay they deserved. See in those days, people viewed women as home makers and stay at home moms, when in reality most had already entered the work force to help provide for their families. One year later, Congress amended the Civil Rights Act and extended equal rights to women. This gave women the same rights that had been extended to black men. This was also a great achievement. Later in 1966, the National Organization for Women or NOW was created. This organization has been influential in the feminize movement and is still around today. This organization was created by Betty Friedan and other feminists. Friedan was journalists who traveled to interview women that graduated from her college. Her findings were that these women were playing the role they were given as house wives and mothers, despite the fact that they were miserable and unhappy. With these findings she wrote The Feminine Mystique. I feel that the changes that have been made for the rights of women have made life better. I cannot imagine being treated poorly because of my gender. In today’s society most of the population is on board with equal...
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...Miss representation” Carol Pardun writes, “Is advertising a mirror of society? Or an agent of change? The basic premise is something like this: if advertising is a mirror of society, then the advertising industry is not really to blame for all the problems associated with bad advertising. We’re to blame.” Introduction Advertising is the process of communication whereby a person or group of people are persuaded to take some form of action, usually to make a purchase or participate in a particular behaviour. Studies undertaken by the Media Awareness Network estimate that on average, the typical North American will see 3000 ads per day (2010). With such a high level of advertising around consumers every day, is it likely that advertising shapes society, or that it merely mirrors pre-existing social trends? This is important because should advertising shape society, the high numbers of advertisements in existence could have a substantial impact to society’s wellbeing, as well as the ethical issues surrounding the messages and behaviours advertisers are trying to achieve. The question of advertising as a mirror vs. creator of culture is one of the most debated issues of the relationship between advertising and society. Does the image of woman represented in advertising shapes society or mirrors already prevailing social trends? Hypothesis The advertising media produces messages,images and ideas of woman, which therefore affect the process of social change. Conclusion ...
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...1) Describe the post-WWII frustrations felt by women such as Betty Friedan. 2) During the era of “Rosie the Riveter”, what gains did women make in the workforce? How did these women feel about themselves and their contributions? What did society as a whole think? 3) What role did mass media play during the 1950s and 1960s in regard to supporting or undermining the “feminine mystique”? 4) Which television heroine -- Alice, Lucy, or Miss Brooks -- came the closest to TRULY overcoming the feminine mystique, and elaborate on that heroine’s situation and relationship to the men in her life. 1)Describe the post-WWII frustrations felt by women such as Betty Friedan Betty Friedan and other women were frustrated about their roles as women in society and in the household. Many women weren’t pleased being the typical housewife, they wanted to be someone and have their own identity. When women started working during WWII they found the heroine they wanted for themselves. After the war, most women stopped working and went back to being housewives. Betty Friedan was frustrated at this and didn’t comprehend why women stopped working. 2) During the era of “Rosie the Riveter”, what gains did women make in the workforce? How did these women feel about themselves and their contributions? What did society as a whole think? While most of the men were out in the field battling war, women were the only ones left to the do the work the men had left without employment. Advertising at one...
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...Marketing task As I stated on the phone, nominal marketing will be a peripheral aspect of the position. While I do not expect a formal marketing proposal, I am looking for someone that can think outside the box and help me to grow the practice through various marketing tools, as well as manage the day to day scheduling and office duties more typical of an administrative assistance. I recognize that I am asking the person that assumes this position to wear multiple hats, mostly because I have been wearing those multiple hats myself for the past 9 years of my independent practice. I have included some basic information about my practice, applications of my services, as well as typical fees for service. Think outside the box and be creative in developing a few potential marketing strategies that you think might work well for my practice. Please recognize that I am critiquing you more on work product (accuracy of information and thoughtfulness of proposals, along with your creativity) in addition to your writing and organizational skills on this exercise. I look forward to seeing what you develop and to meeting you during our interview time next week. My practice is typically composed of 10-12 sessions per week. Sessions are a mixture of individual, couples, and family sessions. I am looking to develop a greater basis for psychological evaluations and potential forensic involvement in custody evaluations for divorcing families. I have developed evaluations that focus on...
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...Betty Friedan – The Mother of Feminism Betty Friedan was born as Bettye Goldstein. She was born in Peoria, Illinois on February 4, 1921. Harry Goldstein, her father, emigrated from Russia in the 1880s in which he built himself a successful jewelry business in the United States (Parry, 2010). Miriam Horwitz, his wife and her mother, was the daughter of Hungarian Jewish immigrants, who actually was unable to attend Smith College due to her parents’ refusal (Parry, 2010). At the fact that her mother was not able to complete her dream of school and education, her mother would continually push for her to do well in her academics because she knew the potential her daughter had. However, even though she saw her potential, she knew that her daughter’s Jewish upbringing would be her hindrance, but she continued for her to strive on and was not ready to give up and surrender to how things were. Therefore, Betty’s rebuttal was always there from the beginning. Her Jewish upbringing caused Betty to experience many blunders along her way. In her high school located in Peoria, Illinois, Jews were not welcome in sororities or fraternities, which had truly played a detrimental effect on her because they played a big role at her school (Selle, 1998). Even though her academic successes were stellar, she was continually shunned upon due to her ethnicity and background. Not only was Betty a spectacular student, but also she was also a writer, poet, and the founder of a literary (Selle, 1998). But...
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...Feminism by Elaine Tyler May, May examines the impact of political changes on American families, specifically the relationship of a Cold War ideology and the ideal of domesticity in the 1960s. May believed that with security as the common thread, the Cold War ideology and the domestic revival reinforced each other. Personal adaption, rather than political resistance, characterized the era. However, postwar domesticity never fully delivered on its promises because the baby-boom children who grew up in suburban homes abandoned the containment ethos when they grew up. They challenged both the imperatives of the cold war and the domestic ideology that came with it. The first to criticize the status quo were postwar parents themselves. In 1963, Betty Friedan published her exposé of domesticity, The Feminine Mystique. Friedan was a postwar wife and mother who spoke directly to women and lived according to the domestic containment ideology. In...
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...A Women’s Civil Right The speech ”A Women’s Civil Right” was written in 1969 and the feminist author Betty Friedan delivered it. Betty Friedan was a proponent of the modern women’s movement and claimed that women in 1969 and onwards should not be trapped in the stereotypical housewife role. Friedan was convinces that social barriers in the society kept women imprisoned in “the housewife trap”. She wanted women to have better career opportunities, introduce equality with men and to eliminate the illusion of “the happy housewife”. This specific speech announces that abortion should be a part of a women’s civil right. Betty Friedan singles out women to be the invisible minority in America. The invisible women in the American society are the ones who take an active share in the important resolution of the government and not the women who take care of the domestic duties. Friedan compares the invisibility of forward-looking women to the Afro-American permanent residents in America. For many years, the Afro-American people in the U.S. have been the invisible section of the population in the Southern states. Racial segregation in America became a crucial part of life until the segregation legally ended in 1964 because of the Civil Rights Act. The blacks were in those days invisible according to their voting rights. The voting rights of blacks were systematically restricted because the black’s voting papers did not manage to be registered. Many Afro-American were killed because...
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...The counter cultural movement began in 1960s in the wake of Vietnam war. The young people were frustrated due to racism, gender issues, consumerism, and the conservative nature of society in general. They were looking for a change and found it in the emerging counter cultural movements of 1960s. The youngsters began to question the traditional values and culture of the Orthodox American society. They welcomed sex, drugs and pop music. The counter culture movement reached its heights in 1969, when the young people attended the Woodstock Music and Art Festival at Newyork. The festival became a symbol of anti-war movement. The festival was a mixture of hippie, pop and drug culture. One of the notable feature of the counter culture movement was the sexual freedom and rise of feminism. There was a steep rise in abortions, orphans and divorce. Political activism on the part of women resulted in the formation of National organization for Women (NOW). Other than women, homosexuals were also raised their voice for equality which was later included the Civil Rights issue. Stone Wall Inn riots in 1969 and the establishment of Gay Liberation Front were important steps in their struggle for civil rights. The counter cultural sentiments were also expressed in movies and arts. The movement did not limit in North America alone, but spread to Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand. An international rock and roll group from Britain known as the Beatles was widely popular. The counter culture...
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