...RESEARCH PAPER 2 THE PAPACY Jonathan Waters February 18, 2013 CHHI 301-B12 During the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the Bishop of Rome became a very influential and powerful figure in the church. Many different men held this position and were very successful. Although many of the effects of the papacy were positive, the overwhelming power they held, combined with the age of obscurantism, superstition, and credulity in which they lived, allowed many false claims and doctrines to come about. Some of these doctrines are still existence today. They have caused many dissentions throughout the centuries following the rise of the Papacy. The historical beginnings of the Papacy are somewhat hard to uncover. Due to the decline in power of the Western Emperor, the Bishop of Rome, or Pope, became the primary political leader of Italy. The word “pope” is derived from the term pappa, which originated in the ancient colloquial Greek as an endearing term for “father.” It was a common title applied to most of the Eastern clergy. However, in the West the term was only common in Rome and in the later eleventh century was made the official title for the Bishop of Rome by Gregory VII. The term “papacy” (papatus), meant to distinguish the Roman bishop’s office from all other bishoprics (episcopates), also originated in the later eleventh century. However, this position was more than just a political position. The papacy was a unique sort of monarchy in that it claimed jurisdiction...
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...Biblical Worldview Essay Instructions Rationale for the Biblical Worldview Essay Every person has a worldview whether he realizes it or not. What is a worldview? James W. Sire defines a worldview as: [A] commitment, a fundamental orientation of the heart, that can be expressed as a story or in a set of presuppositions (assumptions which may be true, partially true or entirely false) that we hold (consciously or subconsciously, consistently or inconsistently) about the basic constitution of reality, and that provides the foundation on which we live and move and have our being. Stated more succinctly, "…[A] worldview is simply the total set of beliefs that a person has about the biggest questions in life." F. Leroy Forlines describes such questions as the "inescapable questions of life." Life's inescapable questions include the following: "Is there a God? If so, what is He like? How can I know Him? Who am I? Where am I? How can I tell right from wrong? Is there life after death? What should I and what can I do about guilt? How can I deal with my inner pain?" Life's biggest, inescapable questions relate to whether there is a God, human origins, identity, purpose, and the hereafter, just to mention a few. Satisfying answers to the "inescapable questions of life" are provided by the Holy Scriptures. The Holy Scriptures, consisting of the Old and New Testaments, form the starting point and foundation for the biblical worldview. More specifically related to our purposes...
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...Biblical Worldview Essay Christina Roberts L27520522 September 30th, 2015 INFT 101 Thesis In the book of Romans chapters 1-8, Paul vocalizes truths that are the foundation of a biblical worldview. Paul addresses certain components relating to the natural world, the human identity, human relationships, and culture. In this essay, I plan to compare and contrast Romans chapters 1-8 as it applied in Paul’s tie and mine. I believe Paul’s teachings encourages us to seek the truth of scripture as it influences the way we live and view the world today. Biblical Worldview Essay The Natural World One views the natural world in a way that is very negative. Paul’s depiction in Romans 1; 18-32 leads one to believe that this is unchanged since creation. The world remains a very dark place, filled with sin, sexual immorality, perversion, and selfishness. Believers and unbelievers alike do not dispute this depiction. Even with all of our growing technology, we are no better off than those that lived in Paul’s day. In Romans 1; 20, man is told that even creation speaks to God’s qualities and divine nature. This verse warns that there will be no accepted excuse for denying God as their creator. People live in the flesh and worship everything except God. In Paul’s time, he struggled with seeing the same abominations (Romans 1; 18-2; 3). People in Paul’s day, just like today, were divided by their beliefs on false gods or in some cases, no gods at all. Paul warns about God’s anger...
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...235/ESCHATOLOGY/SOTERIOLOGY Semester: One Diploma: Three Year: 2013 Due date: March, Lecturer: Rev. Fox Mark CONTENTS Page 1) Introduction 1 2) Definition of Eschatology 1 3) Traditional Belief to Eschatology in Isabel 2 4) Biblical Foundation to Eschatology in the Old Testament 3 5) Biblical Foundation from the New Testament 3 a) Eschatology from Saint Paul b) Eschatology from the Gospels 4 6) Theological Reflection to Eschatology 4 7) Conclusion 5 8) Bibliography 6 1) Introduction In this 21st century people continue to wonder what their destiny will be after death; perhaps people have many definitions and explanation about it. Hence, people are struggling to reconcile to one common understanding. This questions I believe remain their and our question today. Now, having this understanding in mind I believe there is a great need for a clear and coherent explanation of Eschatology to my people. Therefore, in this essay I will begin to explore and try to instil to my people a clear understanding of eschatology by looking into our traditional belief about the last day. Then, later I will align this understanding to the Biblical texts of eschatology and my Theological reflection. Through these, I certainly believe that it will enrich the minds of my people to fully understand; what eschatology mean to them? Definition of Eschatology Perhaps it is appropriate for me to begin by defining;...
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...Faith Integration : Final Project Managerial Finance July 1, 2012 ABSTRACT This essay will provide a scriptural key to understanding the topics of finance in a Christian worldview perspective. The illustrations will be reflected through the events found in God’s word, providing a greater understanding into the relevance of the Bible in today’s economic world. It will show the importance of the integration of faith, as God has provided his wisdom for today in the illustrations of the Holy Word. Refer to II Timothy 3: 16 – 17; “All scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the servant of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work” (NIV, 2005), to understand that God’s word continues to apply today as it has maintained strength and reference to aspects of life and development. The topic of finance is addressed throughout the scriptures with suggestions for the proper practice. It is clear in the study of his word that finance is a part of the structural design that is to provide for the development of humankind and the world. INTRODUCTION TO FINANCE Stewardship How faith integration manifest itself within the practice of corporate finance can only be found when studying God's word within the Holy Bible and practicing its teachings. One important aspect of integrating ones faith within the context of finance...
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...LIBERTY THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY BOOK CRITIQUE: TWO VIEWS ON WOMEN IN MINISTRY A Paper Submitted to Liberty Theological Seminary Dr. Garry Graves In partial fulfillment of the requirements For completion of the course Systematic Theology II THEO 530 By Vernon L Langley July 26, 2012 Beck, James R. Two Views on Women in Ministry: Revised ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2005. ISBN: 978-0-310-25437-9. Thesis Statement: in view of the fact that my own outlook on women’s responsibility in ministry is in between social equality and Complementarian; however I will attempt to show that women have a part in ministry, through the assessment of these two differing points of views as offered in the principal book Two Views on Women In Ministry and as contrasted with other academic books. Introduction: Dr. James R. Beck has assembled four academic assessments which present the egalitarian and complementarianism / hierarchical analysis regarding women in ministry with unprejudiced supplementary counterpoints to completely enlighten the one who reads. The arrangement of analysis appear to evaluate and distinguish in a reasonable, impartial way that supply the one who reads with a good insight of the dispute, with opposing opinions offered at the conclusion of every article. However, the reasonable approach to the arrangement of both components regarding women in ministry do not completely disclose...
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...Macey’s and other name brand stores that are advertised widely. This particular chapter is anchored by three significant essays written by Charles Van Engen, Paul Hiebert, and Ralph Winter. Charles Van Van Engen discussed mission’s past in his essay, Paul Hiebert analyzes mission’s present in his articles, and Ralph Winter predicts mission’s future. As I reflect among all three essays I am more in agree with Paul Hiebert essay because it is always important to understand and acknowledge the present. In my opinion each writer has valid observations as it relates to mission. Paul Hiebert viewed mission in the present before his death. He viewed mission in the terms of contextualization. This term is most controversial because this is not the only thing going on in Evangelical missions today. Hiebert explains the foundation of contextualization in the history of missions. Early missionaries practiced minimal contextualization. They did little to contextualize the gospel. This was because of ignorance of cultural anthropology and a firm belief of the absolute truth of the bible and their theology. Though I believe that we must understand the present as it relates to missions, however the truth must be present with acknowledging biblical principles and standards. Ralph Writer essay expresses the future of missions. Before building the foundation of his belief he is influenced by the history of evangelism. I believe it is important to go back and make a full assessment...
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...BIBLE: REVELATION AND AUTHORITY 3/2/2014http://fae.adventist.org/essays/26Bcc_017 -055.htm Introduction I have not always held the view of Scriptural revelation and authority that I now maintain. Having journeyed through a different perspective on the revelation/authority of Scripture and then returning to the position that I now hold, I am convinced that this issue is basic to all other issues in the church. The destiny of our church depends on how its members regard the revelation and authority of the Bible. In the following pages I have summarized the biblical self-testimony on its revelation and authority. The major focus of the paper is biblical authority, but a short statement concerning revelation-inspiration-illumination introduces the subject, and other biblical testimony on the nature of revelation is subsumed under the discussion of biblical authority. The paper also includes a brief historical treatment of the Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment understandings of biblical revelation/authority and an analysis and critique of their basic presuppositions in light of Scripture. Following the conclusion, a selected bibliography of sources cited and other useful books and articles on the subject is provided. Appendices include: (1) a chart schematizing the two major modern approaches to the Bible's revelation and authority (Appendix I, A-D); (2) some of Ellen White's insights on biblical revelation/authority (Appendix I, E); (3) the Methods of Bible...
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...60 hermeneutics.92 Therefore, there is some urgency to restore for the Christian biblical interpreter a theological understanding of Scripture. C. M. Wood rightly points out, “As theological inquiry, theological hermeneutics is critical reflection upon Christian understanding.”93 Thus, in this section we will explore three aspects that nourish our theological understanding of texts: (1) Divine discourse, (2) Intertextuality, and (3) Canonical-linguistic approach: theo-drama. 92Stephen E. Fowl, Engaging Scripture: A Model for Theological Interpretation (Malden: Blackwell, 1998); idem, The Theological Interpretation of Scripture (Cambridge: Blackwell, 1997); John Webster, “Hermeneutics in Modern Theology: Some Doctrinal Reflections,” SJT 51 (1998):...
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...A worldview is the nature in which one interprets various aspects of the world. Through beliefs, opinions are formulated about subjects such as music, art, religion and politics. My grandmother raised me to believe in God, Jesus as our Lord and Savior. As a young adult I gave my life to Christ and continued believing the truths of God that I was taught as a child. As a Christian, I believe that the Bible is the word of God, and it stands as the lenses of how the world is viewed in a Christina/Biblical view. In Romans chapters 1-8, the apostle Paul writes about the views a Christian should have and how they should live. In the next paragraphs of this essay, it will be briefly discussed how the Bible guides us through tough life questions such as: Who we are? Where do we come from? What is the meaning/purpose of life, Relationships, and our Destiny? The Natural World A Christian’s Biblical world view of this world is seen in Psalm 139.16, the Psalmist describes how God personally created him in the womb of his mother. We are humbled at the fact that Good took the time to create us in His image. Since the creation of the world humans have been given the revelation of the truth (Romans 1:18) Gen1:1 shows God as the creator of all things. God in his all-knowing power formed the Natural world in detail to perfection. Human Identity Mankind was created in the image of God. Adam and Eve were tasked to be caretakers of the land of Eden (Gen 2:15). They were above the animals...
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...How faith integration manifests itself within the practice of corporate finance can only be understood when studying God's Word and practicing its teachings. One important aspect of integrating one’s faith within the context of finance is through stewardship. Stewardship is defined as;"1. the position and duties of a steward, a person who acts as the surrogate of another or others, especially by managing property, financial affairs, an estate, etc. 2. the responsible overseeing and protection of something considered worth caring for and preserving" (Dictionary.com, 2012). Stewardship in the context of faith integration is the act caring for and protecting the resources that God has entrusted us with and using them in a way that will bring Him glory and help to build up God’s kingdom (Porter, 2006, p. 817). This has an immediate inference to financial interactions. Luke 12:42(NKJV) states; “And the Lord said, “Who then is that faithful and wise steward, whom his master will make ruler over his household, to give them their portion of food in due season?” This passage of scripture continues in verses 43 and 44 to discuss how blessed that servant will be and how he will be made ruler over all that the possessions the master has. The individuals working in the field of finance who do their job well, will also be rewarded and/or compensated. When examining the goals and governance of the corporation, as well as, the financial markets and institutions, there are a number of individuals...
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...The foundation of Christian counseling which is based on bible teachings is guided by the American Association of Christian Counseling Code of Ethics. Christian counselors therefore study the bible as a helpful, insightful, and informative tool which can effectively be used to offer counseling services to people. According to Dr. Crabb, the Christian approach to problems is categorized as those resulting from either natural or physical causes like chemical imbalance or disabilities. The other category mainly consist moral problems. The Christian counseling approach believes that the bible speaks meaningfully to every area in human life. The bible principles give a sufficient comprehensive and a meaningful guide on facts about human personalities which enables Christian counselors to understand the dynamic approach of integrating theology and physiology. Unlike professional secular psychology which has no biblical principles tied to it, Christian counseling is basically based on scriptural understanding of human interaction with the environment. Christian counseling is therefore recognized as a redemptive and restorative work based on Christian faith. The counselors work to reconcile their clients with God to enable them find personal significance and meaning in their relationship with Christ. The reconciliation thus facilitates restoration of clients to both human and environmental relationships. The key goals of Christian counseling therefore includes; exploring client's problems...
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...Biblical Integration Paper: Group 1 Paul Cobb Anastasie Destouche Jennifer Kearns Paul Pirkle Mark Ricker Liberty University Abstract Servant-leadership is widely researched and discussed from a secular and Christian worldview (Fischer, 2010; see also Blanchard & Hodges, 2005). A Christian is called to follow God in all he does but life experiences can be conflicting in dealing with the spiritual and secular context; however, Christ wants his followers to operate within the context of the secular world. True servant-leadership is to emulate how Jesus led those around him - with complete selflessness and by serving others. Moreover, it is challenging for humans to be servant-leaders as they often desire personal recognition in life; yet, dedication to the Word and quiet reflection in God can help one to lead like Jesus. Larry Spears labeled Greenleaf a Grandfather of empowerment movement in business leadership (Greenleaf, 1996) because of his zeal toward servant-leadership. Greenleaf’s viewpoint, though commendable, conflicts with biblical principles. Thus, this paper analyzes Greenleaf’s work from a Christian worldview and institutes a biblical basis for servant leadership. Keywords: servant leadership, biblical perspective, gifts, loving, individual Introduction Servant-leadership is widely researched and discussed from a secular and Christian worldview (Fischer, 2010; see also Blanchard & Hodges, 2005). Paul encouraged believers to be imitators...
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...perspective that has influenced youth ministry in recent decades is summarised as doing mission and ministry as Jesus did mission and ministry. Gerali asks, ‘Would Jesus do youth ministry like we practice it?’ (Dean, 2001:291). The idea that results is that God became human and immersed Himself into a specific culture (Moynagh, 2004:43), so must the worker today - contextually and relationally - adapt themselves to bring the good news to young people (Gerali in Dean, 2001:290). This idea has proved contentious. Mark Senter III says ‘Incarnational theology has served as the foundation of effective youth ministry for nearly two centuries’ (1997:112), however, Todd Billings believes ‘at the core of most approaches to “incarnational ministry”, [there are] problems with biblical, theological, and practical...
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...Biblical Worldview Benjamin M. Phelps Liberty University Abstract My essay will explain the Biblical Christian worldview, as it is presented in the book of Genesis chapters one through eleven. A biblical worldview is based on the infallible Word of God. I will discuss what the Word of God teaches us about the natural world, human identity, human relationships, and civilization. It will answer some of life’s difficult questions: “Where did we come from? How did we get here? What is my purpose here? Who am I? Is there a God?” All of these will be answered with the Old Testament, which is where I derive my worldview from. Biblical Worldview Our worldview is the foundation for our values, morals, family structure, and life purpose. Worldview is defined by Merriam-Webster (2016) as “a particular philosophy of life or conception of the world.” Israel Wayne presents it as “a set of lenses which taint our vision or alter the way we perceive the world around us. Our worldview is formed by our education, our upbringing, the culture we live in, the books we read, the media and movies we absorb” (Wayne, 2016). I have a Biblical Christian worldview, which is based in The Bible’s book of Genesis. Let’s explore the book of Genesis, and find out what that means. You do not have to go far into The Bible to find where the Christians fundamental understanding of the natural world comes from. The book of Genesis chapter one, verse one, reads “In the beginning God created the...
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