...performance of their employees. As organisations grow and mature, managements try to adopt measures to improve the performance of their employees and a lot of questions arise on the best way to go about. Managing Director of Green Curve Interiors, an established interior design and build company, aims to implement an organizational behaviour aimed at ensuring improved job performance of their employees. This paper tries to answer one of his question, ”How does personality affect job performance among various occupational groups?”, by investigating the relation of the “Big Five” personality dimensions (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness) to job performance for three occupational groups (Mangers, Skilled Workers and Sales). Office based employees at Green Curve Interiors were administered a widely acknowledged Big Five personality online test to obtain their personality trait score. Regression line and scatter charts were the tools used in our study to find the relation between the results of personality test score and job performance ratings. In our study we categorised green curve employees according to their occupational groups. From our analysis we found that conscientiousness was the best predictor for overall job performance among different occupational groups. We also found that extraversion and openness traits did not predict overall job performance, but they did predict success in specific occupations like managers and sales staff. We conclude...
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...Personality & Values Organizational Behavior By: Rajitha Fernando Personality • The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others • Most often described in terms of measurable traits that a person exhibits, such as shy, aggressive, submissive, lazy, ambitious, loyal and timid. (Personality traits) 2 Jungian Personality Theory • Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung • Jung proposed four main functions of consciousness: 1. Two perceiving functions: Sensation and Intuition 2. Two judging functions: Thinking and Feeling 2 • Each of the functions are expressed primarily in either an introverted or extraverted form • From Jung's original concepts, Briggs and Myers developed their own theory of psychological type, described below, on which the MBTI is based. 3 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assessment is a psychometric questionnaire designed to measure psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions. Dichotomies Extraversion (E) – (I) Introversion Sensing (S) – (N) Intuition Thinking (T) – (F) Feeling Judging (J) – (P) Perception 4 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Extroversion versus introversion • Extroverted individuals are outgoing, sociable, and assertive. Introverts are quiet and shy Sensing versus intuition • Sensing types are practical and prefer routine and order. They focus on details. Intuitives rely on unconscious processes and...
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...Abstract (120words) This experiment studied how perfectionism could be corelated to particular personality traits (Conscientiousness and neuroticisim) and gender, basing it’s hypothesis on data collected from a population of psychology undergraduates in the form of a survey. The students answered a series of questions that helped determine their level of perfectionism, personality trait according to The Big Five Personality Inventory and gender. The findings indicated a moderate pattern of correlations between certain personality type and perfectionism, which proved to be consistent with the theory that people with the personality trait of conscientiousness or neuroticism were more likely to display higher levels of perfectionism compared to others. Gender on the other hand, showed to have no significant impact on levels of perfectionism. Body Mankind have always been on a pursuit of accomplishing great things throughout history. There is almost an obsession for breaking records, achieving the seemingly impossible and achieving success. Whilst it is this desire to be perfect that can be attributed to the development of human achievements, it can have detrimental effects if it develops into perfectionism. Perfectionism is personified by the pursuit of unblemished accomplishments and the tendency to set unrealistically high goals, often combined with the need to be hypercritical of self-behavior (Flett & Hewitt, 2002). Perfectionism involves unrealistic high...
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...Personality Traits Yasmin Peralta, Gennifer Powell, Daymeonta White, Robin Goolsby PSY/250 October 2, 2013 Dr. Rosalyn Williams Personality Traits Today’s world is full of interesting and unique individuals due to the different types of personality traits they possess. There are several types of assessments that are used to determine a multitude of traits that one may have. These assessments include the Big Five Personality Test. These assessments also measure a person’s strengths and weaknesses in a particular category. The reliability and validity of these assessments are measured on an individual basis. Utilizing the Big Five assessment tool located in Chapter 8 of the text, Yasmin discovered a multitude of things about her personality, some in which she both agrees and disagrees. First, the assessment show that Yasmin a seven in the extroversion category which is considered high. This particular category Yasmin agrees with this because she views herself as a dominant, outgoing person who can associate well with other people in any setting. In the agreeableness category, Yasmin scored a four, which is low, meaning that she is considered to be quarrelsome and unkind. Despite what the assessment shows, Yasmin disagrees that she is unkind and considers herself to be quite friendly and personable. In the conscientiousness category, Yasmin scored a six, which is medium high, indicating that she reliable and responsible. In the emotional stability category, Yasmin scored...
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...The Big-Five Trait Taxonomy: History, Measurement, and Theoretical Perspectives Oliver P. John and Sanjay Srivastava University of California at Berkeley Running head: Big Five Trait Taxonomy Final draft: March 5, 1999 Author's Address: Oliver P. John Department of Psychology University of California, MC 1650 Berkeley, CA 94720-1650 W: (510) 642-2178; H: 540-7159; Fax: 643-9334 Email: ojohn@socrates.berkeley.edu; sanjays@socrates.berkeley.edu To appear in L. Pervin and O.P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford (in press). 2 Taxonomy is always a contentious issue because the world does not come to us in neat little packages (S. J. Gould, 1981, p. 158). Personality has been conceptualized from a variety of theoretical perspectives, and at various levels of abstraction or breadth (John, Hampson, & Goldberg, 1991; McAdams, 1995). Each of these levels has made unique contributions to our understanding of individual differences in behavior and experience. However, the number of personality traits, and scales designed to measure them, escalated without an end in sight (Goldberg, 1971). Researchers, as well as practitioners in the field of personality assessment, were faced with a bewildering array of personality scales from which to choose, with little guidance and no overall rationale at hand. What made matters worse was that scales with the same name often measure concepts that are not the same, and scales with different...
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...ESSAY “Biological theories of major personality traits have been highly speculative with at least as much disconfirming evidence as confirming” The first who attempt to describe personality traits was the ancient Greek philosopher- Aristotle, he identified three personality traits such as, modesty, bravery and vanity. He was followed by Hippocrates who provided the idea that physical illness it is caused by the balance of bodily fluids; such as blood, black bile, phlegm and yellow bile. He argued that if a person had an excess of black bile than that person would have a melancholic temperament; underlined by the feeling of depressed mood. Those with phlegmatic temperament were described by being very calm and those with sanguine temperament were confident ant optimistic. Another great philosopher who wrote about personality traits was the German Immanuel Kant, who argued the fact that there are four types of personality and those personality traits were underlined by how active the person was and his individual's feelings. These philosophers were focusing about types of personality and not the personality traits. Trait theorists are aiming to find the basic structure of personality and to produce reliable ways of measuring personality differences. Gordon Alport identified 18000 words of which 4500 described personality traits. Alport conceptualised human nature as normally being rational creative, active and self-reliant...
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...What are Personality Theories? Michael J Falls PSY/405 June 23, 2014 Bernard Wakley There are several different personality theories that attempt to explain how people act and who they are. Theories categorize people on characteristics or traits, and then try to describe the effect that this has on a person’s behavior in certain situations. Personality theories are supposed to focus on how people differ from one another; theories select behaviors or characteristics to determine their taxonomies or categories. Biological theories of personalities focus on genetics as well as biological relationships in physiological arousal and the neurochemistry in our brains. The biological approach to studying a person’s personality would be the differences in brain chemistry in extrovert and introverts. Theorist use biological processes to fill in the gap between personality and genetics by theorizing biological effects with behaviors. This anatomical approach examines the functions of brain structures. One of the biggest pioneers in the field was Eysenck; he attempted to relate personality to biology. Eysenck theory is complex, but it has grown over the years, one basic assumption is the brain has excitatory and inhibitory neural mechanisms. The balance between these two produces levels of psychological arousal at any given time. The dispositional theory is the classic or traditional way of psychological study of personalities. Since the early Greeks, maybe even longer it has been recognized...
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...Mieke Christiani (01120119287) Everybody have different personalities. What is personality? The word personality is derived from a Latin word “Persona” which means mask. About 2000 years ago Greek actors used to wear mask in theatres so that they may resemble characters whose roles they used to enact on the stage before the audience. Thus, according to the concept of mask, personality was conceived to be the effect and influence, which the actors wearing a mask left on the audience. Nowadays, the term of personality has been defined in various ways by the psychologists who had worked on the problem of personality and the variables influencing its development. "Personality can be broadly defined as the total quality of all individual behavior” (Russell 222). “In the words of Boring, personality is the integration of those systems of habits that represent an individual’s characteristic adjustments to his environment” (Goldberg 224). “Personality is an individual of is the entire mental organization of a human being at any stage of his development. It embraces every phase of human character: intellect, temperament, skill, morality, and every attitude that has been built up in the course of one's life." (Harris 333). Personality is the characteristic patterns thoughts, feelings and behaviors that make a person unique and different with others. The various definitions of personality state above can be grouped into categories of definitions that are related to social value, summatic...
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...It is an obvious observation that different personalities within the workplace make a difference in the environment. We spend the majority of our waking hours with the people that we work with and the different personalities within the workplace can make it enjoyable or unbearable. The articles that I will discuss in the essay focus on the types of personalities and the cultural fit of those personalities in the workplace. The first article titled Why Personality Matters in the Workplace by Michael Woody focuses on the types of personalities and refers to them as the Big Five. The Big Five include Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion/Introversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. Openness to Experience describes personalities that are open to experiencing new things and are flexible on how they approach situations and new ideas. Conscientiousness are the personalities that are meticulous in the way they approach situations as well as work; people that are on the other end of this spectrum see the big picture and do not get lost in the details. Extraversion is someone that is social and enjoys being around others; introversion is just the opposite of extraversion and tends to work best alone and prefers to work alone or in a small group. Agreeableness easily interacts with others and are generally more trusting of others. Finally, Neuroticism tend are the types of personalities that tend to be negative and are more frequently stressed making them difficult...
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...Trait Theories of Personality Accordingly, to Psychologist Gordon Allport (1897-1967) developed the Traits Theory in which he believed that personality is a combination of characteristics and qualities. These traits are influenced by the societal experiences lived throughout the course of life he stressed on the concept of self-distinctiveness and unique of each individual. Allport emphasized the interaction of personality with the societal influences and circumstances (Samuel & Ellen Green Wood, 1997, p450). Allport’s theory of traits stresses the differences between the individuals. Gordon Allport theorized that traits are of three types: cardinal, central, and secondary traits. The cardinal traits are persistent, shape the individual’s behavior and attitude, and therefore determine his /her personality. Central traits are general traits that are common in so many people. Secondary traits are less pervasive, and ineffective in shaping the personality. However, they are seeing in certain circumstances. In another hands, the psychologist Hans Eysenk proposed that personality traits are of three types: antisocial, introversion-extroversion and emotionally stable. Meanwhile, the psychologist Lewis Goldberg developed a new theory in which he proposed a five-dimension personality model known as the Big Five. The Big Five theory includes the important and crucial traits of the personality. Openness to experience, versus Reticence. Conscientiousness versus, Disorganized...
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...Introduction Personality in psychology has defines as the unique pattern of thought, behaviour and feelings that are relatively stable over a consistent period of times and across various kind of situation. In other words it also defines as the characteristic or unique way of how an individual thinks, feels and acts. There are three theories in personality which are psychodynamic, humanistic and trait. Psychodynamic in personality is defines as the interactions of unconscious and conscious processes and the processes that affect our thoughts, behaviours and feelings. Besides that, humanistic is also one of the theories in personality where it defines and belief that people are born good and they try to reach their goals throughout their life....
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...PERSONALITY "Personality is the entire mental organization of a human being at any stage of his development. It embraces every phase of human character: intellect, temperament, skill, morality, and every attitude that has been built up in the course of one's life." (Warren & Carmichael, 1930, p. 333) "Personality is the essence of a human being." (Hall & Lindzey, 1957, p. 9, characterizing statements by Gordon Allport) An individual's pattern of psychological processes arising from motives, feelings, thoughts and other major areas of psychological function. Personality is expressed through its influences on the body, in conscious mental life, and through the individual's social behavior." (Mayer, 2005) PERSONALITY TYPES Personality typing is a tool of great importance to recruitment managers. It's especially helpful in the areas of growth, self-development and recruitment. Developing understanding of personality typology, personality traits, thinking styles and learning styles theories can be a powerful and a rewarding experience, if it is used as a tool for discovery, rather than as a method for putting people into boxes, or as an excuse for behaviour. PERSONALITY THEORIES There are many different personality models and theories, and each one offers a different perspective. Some of the personality theories are Carl Jung’s personality types, David Keirsey's personality model and the 'Keirsey temperament sorter', Eysenck's three factor model, Type A and Type B personality...
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...People - Individual differences Approach Personality Intelligence Values and Beliefs Individual differences Approach Personality Definition Defined as an individual differences in feeling, mood, attitude, thinking, and behaving FACT: Personality forms generalized pattern Explaining Personality Trait Perspective of Personality Biological Perspective of Personality Cognitive Perspective of Personality Trait Perspective of Personality Personality is a set of traits Thinking, Behaviour or Feeling enduring over time (don’t change Quickly) Funny adventurous Talkative Introvert Extrovert Trait Perspective of Personality Enduring over time Disposition (Acting in a particular way in certain situation) Trait 1 Trait 2 Trait 3 Trait 4 Trait 5 Personality Generalized pattern Trait Perspective of Personality FACT: All people have same traits but with different degree -FACT: There Are 3 Types of Trait Cardinal Trait Secondary Trait Central Trait Trait Perspective of Personality Trait Types Cardinal Trait Dominant Trait Secondary Trait Trait Exhibited in a certain Situation Central Trait Characterize an individual’s daily interaction Trait Perspective of Personality - almost 18,000 different traits - Eysenck grouped these traits into 4 Main Traits Extroversion Introversion Neuroticism Stability - Big Five Personality Traits There are five trait dimensions that are stable across time...
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...using the information from the Big Five assessments and the underlying principles of trait theories. In today’s job market, team work or groups have become very popular. Most workplaces put together teams, and this allows different personality types the opportunity to brainstorm and come up with ways to improve business. Personality is one thing that distinguishes one person from another. Psychologists argue that personality attributes are inherited from family members, and different cultures. No matter the situation, personality differences are among people at work. In team settings it is important that each member has and keeps respect for one another, or the team will fall apart and the task at hand will not reach full potential. The Big Five personality assessments show that the impact of group personalities would be more creative at brainstorming and have a greater chance of finishing the tasks at hand. According to Buchanan, at the group level, it was predicted that teams with personality patterns consisting of moderate levels of Extraversion, high levels of Openness to Experience, and high levels of Conscientiousness (optimal pattern) would perform significantly better on an innovative task than teams with personality patters that varied from this type of pattern (Buchanan, 1998). One solution for working together would be to get the person or persons in the group with extreme personality traits to come to terms with their personality. Getting the group member to...
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...the organisation can become blurred. Robins et al., describes the worst case scenario being when 'ego-driven' charismatic leader put their own interests ahead of the organisation, or when they use the organisational resources for their own personal benefit or gain (Robbins et al.). It is clear that Carly became impressed with herself and her importance, placing her portrait next to those of the HP founders and failing to heed the warning issued by HB board members to change her style (Robbins et al.). Prior to joining HP, Carly undertook a 900 question personality test. Personality testing is used to predict performance in the workplace (Hoffman 2000). It was recognised that Carly had charismatic qualities including the vigour, enthusiasm, forward thinking vision, drive and aggressiveness, all considered necessary for the position of CEO (Robbins et al. 2008). One universally applied personality measurement is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), which consists...
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