...One of the most prominent issues in professional sports is in more of a social aspect, which is the selling of alcohol at stadiums. Alcohol is the primary source of money that stadiums get, making up between 60 and 75 percent of the stadiums total earnings (Steinbach) This is most likely the reason why stadiums do not regulate the amount of alcohol they sell per person. Alcohol causes the problem of fan violence at games. Harvard did a study on binge drinking in colleges, coming to the conclusion that those who watch sports binge drink more often than those who do not (Wechsler) Binge drinking is typically drinking five or more drinks for men, and four or more drinks for women, or having over the legal limit of alcohol of 0.08 ("Drinking Levels Defined.") When under the influence of alcohol, people seem to have a higher confidence level, which is...
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...The Long-Term Effects of Binge Drinking on University Students Sociology Abstract Binge drinking on university campuses poses a concern for serious health issues and negative social implications. Education and awareness, about the non-gender specific short and long term effects associated with binge drinking, provides a mechanism for students to make informed decisions about the alcohol consumption levels they will indulge in. This report illustrates the risks associated with binge drinking and offers an info graphic for observation, and consideration by students that challenges them to stop and think before they engage in risky drinking behaviours. The information for this report is drawn from the research findings of studies carried out by a variety of academics and professionals. The objective is to alert or reiterate, to the entire university student population, the risks associated with binge drinking, and the hope is that students will be oriented toward making choices related to their optimal health and wellbeing and avoid binge drinking. For many students, relaxing after a difficult week of study and research is complemented by drugs and alcohol, and sometimes way too much of either or both. Evidence of imbibing plentifully can be witnessed on campus after wild nights, reminders of excess that lead binge-drinkers to unhealthy mornings and possibly to poor exam or paper results. The “What’s Your Cap?” initiative has presented...
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...Simrat Dhaliwal English 202A March 20, 2013 The Effects of Binge Drinking on the Restaurant Industry : A Qualitative Study on College Students Behavior while Intoxicated Introduction The act of binge drinking in college has been around for many years. It is also a widespread social norm around the world, college students all over the world engage in binge drinking. Numerous research studies and programs that relate to the danger of alcohol follow the amount of alcohol that is consumed by college students. The hypothesis for this particular study states that the act of binge drinking by college students makes them more likely to behave rudely and aggressively towards restaurant employees. Previous research studies that have explored binge drinking and alcohol abuse have primarily been concerned with domestic violence and assaults. A research study conducted by Anderson and his colleagues focused violence against women (Anderson et al, 2009), and another study by Hughes and colleagues aimed to find out the act of binge drinking and nightlife (Hughes et al. 2007). What these studies have not focused on is effects of alcohol-induced aggression and how it is related to the restaurant industry. Through thorough research and observations, this study hopes to help educate college students as well as restaurant managers on the effects of alcohol. With information found in this study, restaurant owners can create a new training process that also includes information on what to...
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...| How Old is Old Enough? | Drinking Age | | | 11/11/2011 | How old is old enough to have an alcoholic beverage? | How Old is Old Enough? The legal drinking age is a topic that has come up for, and will continue to come up for, many years. The main question that needs to be answered is what is it that determines when a person is able to drink. Should we continue to base the drinking level on age or should we look at other characteristics. Those enrolled in the military have special benefits when it comes to drinking. In the year of 2011, the legal drinking age in the United States for all non-military people is 21 years of age. There is research for both sides of the spectrum. Some believe that the age should be lowered from 21, while others believe 21 is the perfect age. Then there are the people who say that the drinking age should be taken even higher than 21. Some want the drinking age to be as high as 25. Will lowering the drinking age stop teens from binge drinking? If we take the drinking age higher, will it simply cause rebellion in the teen world? Many feel as though the law of 21 before drinking saves 1,000 deaths per year. The numbers of teens killed in alcohol related accidents have dropped somewhere from 11-16 percent since the 21 law have been implemented. Taking on higher drinking ages allows for a low intoxication level. For instance, in Georgia, where 21 is the legal drinking age, the blood alcohol level to be considered intoxicated is...
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...In order to provide academic insight into the issue of youth binge drinking; the following essay will present an overview of the issues associated with youth binge drinking, compare relevant statistics, discuss the relevant economic model and present a critical analysis on the effectiveness of an alcopops tax. The term binge drinking is defined as the consumption of a sufficiently large amount of alcohol, which places the drinker at increased risk of experiencing alcohol related problems and to places others at risk of second hand effects (Wechsler & Nelson, 2001). Binge drinking is measured as the consumption of five or more drinks, in a row at some stage, within a two-week period for men and four or more drinks in a row for women (Wechsler & Nelson, 2001). Youth binge drinking is perceived to be an issue from a societal perspective due to the dose-related adverse consequences. The inappropriate consumption of alcohol by youths is directly linked to a range of problems to society, including health issues, lower life expectancy, accidents, reduced workplace productivity, drink driving, violence and other forms of crime (Collins & Lapsley, 2008). Hospital records of alcohol related harm to youths show an increased of up to 70% when drinking alcopops (University of Queensland, 2013). The economic costs to society for binge drinking in 2010 was estimated to be in excess of $14 billion (Figure 1) (Australian Institute of Criminology, 2013) (Manning & Smith, 2013). Figure 1: Cost...
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...Will changing the Australian legal drinking age be the demise of youth music festivals? | Stage Two Research Paper | | Maya Burvill 16568 | 4/twenty-one/2011 | Academic Research Paper – Stage Two | Will changing the Australian legal drinking age be the demise of youth music festivals? Abstract: Binge drinking and alcohol incurred road accidents by youth are a growing concern in Australia; issues which governments are looking for strategies to control. One solution that is currently being debated is to increase the minimum legal drinking age from eighteen to twenty-one. This option would create some unintended consequences that will adversely impact Australia’s youth and the Australian events industry. Alcohol is integral to the success of any large scale licenced event as it encourages attendance, is a key profit source and often is the main source of sponsorship. This paper evaluates the beneficial and detrimental effects of changing the legal drinking age in Australia, focusing on the potential detrimental impact such a move would have on youth and Australian music festivals. It was concluded that whilst there are significant health benefits, changing the minimum legal drinking age in Australia would ultimately have a negative impact on youth as it will encourage them to participate in illegal behaviour and seriously threaten the financial viability of Australian music festivals. Will changing the Australian legal drinking age be the demise of youth music...
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...Oracle: The Research Journal of the Association of Fraternity/Sorority Advisors Vol. 4, Iss. 2, September 2009 THE EFFECTS OF FRATERNITY/SORORITY MEMBERSHIP ON COLLEGE EXPERIENCES AND OUTCOMES: A PORTRAIT OF COMPLEXITY Ashley M. Asel, Tricia A. Seifert, and Ernest T. Pascarella This study estimated the effects of fraternity/sorority membership on a wide range of college experiences and outcomes for first-year and senior college students at a large, public, Midwestern university. The findings suggest a complex portrait of the relationships between affiliation, engagement, and learning outcomes. Fraternity/sorority membership appeared to facilitate social involvement during college but may have limited the diversity of relationships. It was associated with higher levels of community service, but also increased the odds of excessive alcohol use. In the presence of controls for important, confounding influences, being a fraternity/sorority member had little consistent influence on grades or perceived impact of college. There was little support for gender differences in the impact of affiliation. Finally, implications for student affairs professionals in their work with undergraduate fraternity/sorority leaders and members were considered. Most institutions of higher education hold student learning and success as parts of their primary missions (Kuh, Kinzie, Schuh, Whitt, & Associates, 2005; Kuh, Schuh, Whitt, & Associates, 1991). Faculty members, staff members, and administrators...
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...Abstract Kowalski, R.,& Westen. D. (2005). Psychology (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley This paper will examine basic concepts of human interaction from a psychology perspective. It will describe at least two examples of how human behavior changes based on social situations. The two behaviors that this paper will examine are teenagers who drink in a crowd of their peers but don't drink when they are alone and taking part in bullying in a group but not alone. In both of these scenarios the individual who participates in the behaviors to fit in are “changing their attitudes or behavior to accommodate the standards of peers or group by a process called conformity (Kowalski & Westen, 2005).” The paper will also discuss precursors and consequences of both of these behaviors. Next, the paper will analyze and identify any associated phenomenon like social facilitation, social loafing , or groupthink. Last, there will be some discussion from the NIMH on whether or not these behaviors necessitate intervention. Social Influences Paper Introduction “Sociologist and philosophers have recognized that people behave different in crowds than they do as individuals and that a crowd is more than the mere sum of its parts (Kowalski & Westen, 2005).” Human behavior changes based on the social situations they encounter. This paper will examine basic concepts of human interaction from a psychology perspective. It will describe at least...
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...more current view of alcohol related issues in the United States. What facts or statistics stood out or surprised you after reading it? Explain why. week 2 Please answer the following discussion question in at least 200 words. This question is based of the reading material assigned for this week. Also, respond to at least 2 of your classmate's discussion question responses. While answering the discussion question and responding to 2 of your classmates would give you full credit for this week, I encourage you to go above that and have numerous open conversations and dialogs with me and your fellow classmates beyond what is minimally required. Discussion Question Two: Chapter 4, Drinking: A Primer, includes a detailed analysis of populations and drinking patterns. Cook deciphers the rates of “any drinking” and...
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...stated in each research source that hazing and particularly binge drinking is the most serious problem affecting social life, academic life, and health on college campuses today. The journal article pertaining to this issue, How Harvard’s College Alcohol Study Can Help Your Campus Design a Campaign Against Student Alcohol Abuse (CAS: Campus Alcohol Study for short), focuses more heavily on binge drinking and prevention than it does on the Greek system itself. The authors, Wechsler, Nelson, and Weitzman, contend that binge drinking is a nationally recognized problem but has not been studied efficiently enough to warrant effective prevention plans. The purpose of this article is to share with the public the results of a survey representing 50,000 students in 140 colleges, in 39 states. This is the first nationally representative survey of its kind and the analysis of its outcome by the authors of this article has resulted in seemingly sound prevention ideas. To begin interpreting the binge drinking phenomenon, a solid understanding of the term must be presented. Binge drinking is defined by all the articles as consuming five or more drinks in rapid succession (four or more for women) at least once in a two week period. Shockingly, the College Alcohol Study (CAS) found that two out of every five college students binge drink. The authors of this article argue that binge drinking has negative effects not only on the drinkers, but also on the entire student body. The binge drinker might...
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...Name: Benjamin Porter Student Number: n9380159 Assignment Name: Research Essay – Assignment 2 Unit Code: BSB1133 Tutor: Thamarasi Kularatne Word Count: 1214 Due Date: 8th May 2015 Research Essay BSB113 - Economics May 2015 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 The Context 2 3.0 Economic Analysis 3 4.0 Critical Analysis of Alcopops Tax 4 4.1 Success of the Tax 4 4.2 Limitations 5 5.0 Alternative Policies 6 5.1 Floor Price 6 5.2 Education 6 6.0 Conclusion 7 Reference List 8 1.0 Introduction The British Medical Association notes that alcohol is a psychoactive preparation that, when misused, can cause significant harm to individuals and society (2008). Similarly,...
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...is whether or not the national drinking age should be lowered to 18 years old. Evidence will be presented for both sides to determine if lowering the drinking age would lower dangerous underage drinking also. This research paper will be presented to our Iowan Representatives in Congress to decide whether of not having a minnimum drinking age of 18 would benefit the U.S. Background There are some states that have considered petitioning the drinking age. The 1984 National Minimum Drinking Age Act requires that States prohibit persons under 21 years of age from purchasing or publicly possessing alcoholic beverages as a condition of receiving State highway funds (“The 1984 National”). South Dakota, a state that permitted persons 19 years of age to purchase alcohol, challenged the law (“South Dakota v.”) In a 7-to-2 decision, the Court held that Congress, acting indirectly to encourage uniformity in states' drinking ages, was within constitutional bounds (“South Dakota v.”) Twenty-three years after raising the legal drinking age to 21, Vermont lawmakers are revisiting the issue, despite the threat of losing highway funding if they lower the age minimum (“Vermont Considers Lowering”). Typically, when states flirt...
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...portray them; everybody’s drinking, smoking, and partying, with very little studying and barely any homework. The realities of college don’t set in until students encounter the coursework that presumably consume their time. Until then, college students tend to have more fun than they usually would back home because of the lack of parental supervision. During the first few weeks of college, students, especially freshmen, are at the highest risk of alcohol-related harm. With the pressures of classes and social acceptance, freshmen feel more anxious about making their way into the college life. "We see a spike then because anxiety is high, and the rigors of coursework haven't yet taken hold” (Cleveland). The drinking problem starts with the way college is portrayed—as a life that revolves around alcohol. Freshmen come in expecting it to be that way, so behave that way, the excessive drinking and reckless behavior are all mirrored from movies and media. According to national surveys conducted by Harvard School of Public Health, 44 percent of all college students binge drink and many suffer alcohol-induced blackouts. Scott Walters, professor of behavioral health at University of North Texas Health Science Center, looked at data gathered from surveys of 77,000 incoming freshman. The students were questioned about their drinking behavior during the two months before college started and during their first month of freshman year. Not only were freshman drinking more in the fall than...
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...the minimum legal drinking age should be twenty one or eighteen. In the year of 1980 a law was passed that changed the minimum legal drinking age from eighteen to twenty one in order to decrease the amount of car crashes and fatalities and to keep alcohol out of the hands of an "irresponsible" age group (Ruth Streeter). Since the raising of the drinking age, more harm has been done than good and the drinking age should be lowered back down to eighteen, given some restrictions and changes. While each state was given the option of whether or not to support this act, the government threatened to cut highway funds if the states kept their drinking age to eighteen. It is strange that an eighteen to twenty year old can vote for our Nation's leader, risk their life fighting for our freedom, and be viewed as an adult, yet still cannot sit down and have a few drinks. At the age of eighteen one is considered an adult. This title of "adult" basically gives people the opportunity to make life changing decisions like voting, buying tobacco products, getting married, signing contracts, serving on juries, having abortions, and being drafted into or joining the military. Scientists claim that the pre-frontal cortex of the brain in which controls judgment is not fully developed until the mid twenties, which then leads to people against lowering the drinking age to claim that opportunities new "adults" take on are not necessarily needing full judgment like unsafe drinking would. So voting for...
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...Essay 2 Rough Draft Writing 123 Enthymeme: The minimum legal drinking age in the United States should not be lowered from 21 to 18 because the legal drinking age is in place to protect young people at a time when irresponsible behavior is prevalent. The Minimum Legal Drinking Age Debate Since 2008, 136 college chancellors and presidents have signed the Amethyst Initiative, asking that the United States reconsider the minimum legal drinking age-21 (MLDA-21) laws that have been in place in all 50 states since 1984. The Amethyst Initiative argues that the MLDA-21 laws simply do not work, create a culture of binge-drinking, and that a policy of legalization and education would be more effective in protecting the safety of American adolescents. Elisabeth Muhlenfeld, the president of Sweet Briar College in Virginia and Amethyst Initiative signatory writes that 70 percent of the student population is underage. Teaching abstinence to students that blatantly ignore the MLDA-21 laws, or urging responsible behavior while drinking underage and breaking the law, are both hypocritical positions for the college administration to be in (Muhlenfeld 2). The Amethyst Initiative position is that current MLDA-21 laws have created a culture of heavy alcohol use by making drinking clandestine and extreme (Saylor 1). The statistics seem to back up this claim. Recent survey's of the 18-20 year old population by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services show that a full 72 percent report...
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