...refer to ecology) and and « COVOI » (which refer to covoiturage which means carpool in french). Ecovoit company is a website, we don’t have any shops. This website permit to users to find or post carpool advertisements where and when they want. Carpool consists in sharing his car during one ride and thus, share toll and petrol costs. This phenomenon has taken an large sweep and continues to grow because of the economic crisis and the decline of purchasing power. Today the price of petrol and the car maintenance, which can be added with the potential costs of tolls are so high that owning a car has become a luxury. Carpooling allows drivers to cushion their costs, and passengers traveling to attractive price ; it’s win-win. We have chosen this type of company for many reasons : First of all, many peoples don’t have car and use the train or other transportation ways but they are often very expensive and their...
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...necessity for most people: demand will be so inelastic that drivers will not alter their behavior. The second is that only people likely to be affected are low income drivers who have no choice but to travel by car.” Carefully evaluate this statement. The criticism is that this charge will be made redundant as this charge will fail to reduce congestion by a significant amount and people will rather pay the charge than find an alternative form of transport. This lack of behavioral change indicates the charge doesn’t do what it’s set out to do, and the only real benefit is the revenue gained for TFL. Using the graph we can see demand is very inelastic and even an increase in price of the charge, from p1 to p2, will only reduce quantity from q1 to q2. This small reduce in quantity is the reason why this is a criticism as congestion will reduce by a relatively small percentage The criticism is that this charge will be made redundant as this charge will fail to reduce congestion by a significant amount and people will rather pay the charge than find an alternative form of transport. This lack of behavioral change indicates the charge doesn’t do what it’s set out to do, and the only real benefit is the revenue gained for TFL. Using the graph we can see demand is very inelastic and even an increase in price of the charge, from p1 to p2, will only reduce quantity from q1 to q2. This small reduce in quantity is the reason why this is a criticism as congestion will reduce by a relatively...
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...frightening situation. Exposition: It’s a sunny and warm afternoon on my way home from work. I am tired and worn from working all day. My route home takes me through several intersections, one of which has a railroad crossing. As I approach this particular intersection, I am stopped by a red signal light, which leaves me two or three cars behind the crossing. The signal light finally changes from red to green and the line of cars starts to progress. Conflict: For some unknown reason the beat-up pick-up in front of me decides to stop, leaving the tail end of my car sitting on the railroad tracks. The truck appears to have clearance to move and the light is still green. As if on cue, I hear the dinging of the warning bell and see the crossing arms start to drop. I can see the approaching train getting closer to where I am sitting. It is blowing its horn several times to get me to move off the tracks. I am terrified and start to panic I can’t move forward because of the truck; I cannot move to the right or left either. I’m not sure how to remove my self from this location. The dented truck in front of me has two men sitting in the cab. The young man in the passenger seat turns around and looks at me. He shrugs his shoulders and holds up a can of what I think is beer as if to tell me there is nothing he can do. My anxiety level is at a high and I start to blow my horn hoping that this man will come to his senses and move out of the way. Climax: The train is continuing down the tracks...
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...Are you sick and tired of having your life endangered by drivers who feel they are too important to put their phones down and pay attention to what is going on around them while they are driving? Well many people are? There are already many distractions that a person has to avoid while driving, or even when they are walking down the street, let alone texting and cell phone use. Anything can happen at any given moment in this life. What would you do if it was you driving and you were the one who hit your family member of someone you knew? It would be very devasting and your life would go on even after the short period of grief, but you would have to live with that for the rest of your life. Once information is presented why cell phones are a big distraction, one should be convinced not to use their cell phone while driving and remember to “to drive now and talk later”. We all need to take a stand, because we risk not only our lives, but the lives of others. Could you imagine getting a phone call that one of your family members had been hit by a driver that was texting, or answering a phone call while they were trying to operate their vehicle? Most of us would probably say: “Oh that will or could never happen to me”, But, when it does it makes you sit back and start thinking about what you can do different in order to avoid any type of accidents. Phone technology has come a long way from when it was first invented back in the 1800’s. Technology has had a major impact...
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...Jacob Baker ECON 210 Microeconomics Economics Research Paper Abstract: This paper will look at the work market for truck drivers in the United States. The effects of a shortage and/or surplus of drivers and how the work market effects the country's economy, and the workers way of life will be broken down. This paper will look at how adding more jobs to this career also effects the supply and demand of goods, problems of finding qualified workers, and the chances of an individual getting a job with others competing for the same job. Trucking in the United States Introduction It is widely known that logistics is the life blood of anything major. The logistics and transportation industry in the United States itself equates for $1.33 trillion in 2012, and represented 8.5% of annual gross domestic product.(SelectUSA) From major military operations, to the factory floor; aircraft, trains and trucks are relied upon to bring food, medicine, and building supplies to the people that require them. But many of the logistical options out there have limitations. Airplanes cant land at your local grocery store, and building railroads to every store is incredibly costly and inefficient. Trucking and it's effects That is where the trucking industry comes into play. According to The American Trucking Associations reports, in 2012 alone, trucks moved 9.4 billion tons of freight or 68.5% of all freight tonnage transported domestically, and collected $642 billion...
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...PART A View on MRT Breakdown The SBS Transit North-East Line 10 hour’s breakdown on 15 March 2012 is a severe issue that affects thousands living in Singapore. We feel that this is understandable as breakdowns would definitely occur even though it had brought about inconvenience to the commuters. This issue will not only affect ones judgment on SBS Transit Link, as well as the government’s ability to cope with the situation. However, SBS Transit Link had worked well together with the government to cope with this issue in a smooth manner by providing free bus services for those who were affected. Also, alerting passengers about this issue through media and the internet was successful. Through the study of Organizational Behaviour (OB), we are able to understand how situation like this would impact the organization and at the same time understand the actions and attitudes of people in the organization who are handling this issue. Possible causes of behavior Individual Level – Perception Through this video, we have seen many different points of views from the commuters and the SBS Transit Link staffs. The two concepts that we applied to this case study are Factors influencing perception and Perception errors when judging this matter. Factors influencing perception: * The Perceiver The perceiver is an individual who loos at a target and attempts to interpret what he or she sees. The perceiver for this case is the commuters. Interpretation of this breakdown is being influenced...
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...Essay 2b Topic - Job Specialisation uses standardised work procedures to have workers perform repetitive; precisely defined and simplified tasks. Explain why companies use this approach to job design. Using the Job Characteristics model, describe how specialised jobs can be modified to eliminate the boredom and low job satisfaction associated with them. (Chapter 9) According to the management text book Williams & McWilliams, 2010, job specialisation reflects the degree to which tasks get broken down and divided into smaller tasks. Benefits include worker proficiency, decreased time between task transfer and the ability to develop specialized equipment for a specific function. So why do organisations employ such a technique? It’s because they want to leverage these advantages and indeed some of the world’s biggest organisations employ their staff in such a way because it help workers become experts in their assigned job responsibilities. For example, Subway fast food restaurant have a systematic way to prepare food for customers by dividing into few segments that have workers in charge of it so that it is efficient and productive. Production cost can also be cut down by using job specialisation. Low wages and salaries are paid to employees due to the simple and easy nature of the work and employees can replaced easily too. The companies do not need to hire professionals who are higher experienced and educated so that they can maximise their profit. Job design is defined...
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...competitor for land line companies. In fact, most people don’t have a land-line phone. More and more drivers are becoming distracted on the road, be it the radio, other motorist, or children. As mobile phones become more common people are questioning how to deal with this distraction and does it pose the same danger as drunk driving? In 1908 the first wireless telephone was released as a “cave radio”. By 1910, Lars Magnus Ericsson installed a mobile phone in his car, this was not a radio telephone. 1926 first class passenger trains in Europe first used radio telephones. In the 1950's the first generation of mobile phones were introduced. Hand held phones have been available since 1973. Mobile phone were very expensive, large, had poor quality, and was used mostly as a status symbol then a tool. During the 1980's mobile phones were advanced to the 1G network featuring international roaming. The second generation mobile phone in the 1990's known as the 2G network, allowed mobile phone to send and receive text messaging, accessing media content, and downloading ring tones. The 2G phone became widespread and people starting using the mobile phone as apart of their daily lives. The demand for data services and speed prompted the 3G network by the 2000's, and now the 4G network. Driving and Mobile Phones 3 Being attentive, vision and hearing are the most important factors of safe driving....
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...Plastered Driving Defense Who else on the planet has vehicular inebriation issues that require the administrations of plastered driving attorneys? The response to that question is that intoxicated driving is an issue on landmasses far and wide. Here are a couple of illustrations of worldwide issues with respect to unreasonable admission of mixed drinks. * Britain is understood for its bars and wonderful pints of brew. It's not only for the basic society either. There was as of late a capture of the sweetheart of Queen Elizabeth's granddaughter who had brought down a couple an excess of pints and wound up being punished with an expensive fine and the loss of his driving benefits. * Canada has innovatively thought of an one of a kind moderation check point: fast food drive through windows. Disguised policemen work the drive through windows of fast food eateries now and...
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...structure we must first consider what constitutes right from wrong. We must try and answer the question, is there really such a thing as an absolute right or wrong? If so, who decides what’s right vs. wrong, and can anything we do or say against another be held against us? In order to try and find the answers to these simple questions we must understand the essences of the term crime. According to the dictionary, crime is an act or action of a negligence nature that is deemed harmful or hurtful to the public, be it voluntary or involuntary, as in the case of a drunk driver hitting an innocent bystander could possible end in manslaughter charges being leveled against the drunk driver. Because the drivers actions could have caused serious or even deadly consequences for the victim who was hit while standing on a corner, crossing a street, or on his way home from a long hard day’s work, even if the driver does not leave the scene of the incident, because the action was negligence in nature and could have been detrimental to the victim, this could be considered a crime. Another example of wrongdoing or sinful actions would be that of a person, committing a seemly harmless act against mankind such as exposing himself in public. Although not harmful in a sense that would cause another party physical harm, it is still considered a senseless and foolish or shameful act by which the public is engaged involuntary in witnessing the insulting or abusive nature of an seriously offensive...
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...Wharton1 David Wharton Dr. Northcutt ENG 1020-04 April 10, 2012 “What a Beautiful Bridge” In the writing of A Farewell to Arms, Ernest Hemingway employs symbolism in many forms. Hemingway uses water in various states throughout the progression of the novel such as the use of rain and rivers to symbolize life and love as well as death and danger. Hemingway uses symbols to allude to the events that will occur in the coming chapters of the novel if the reader is keen to heed them. Hemingway’s use of the “bridge” and the rivers they cross, represent the lives of people and the hazards people encounter when they approach and cross a bridge in an effort to reach what is waiting on the other side. The novel opens with a beautiful description of life and of living our lives. “In the late summer of that year we lived in a house in a village that looked across the river and the plain to the mountains. In the bed of the river there were pebbles and boulders, dry and white in the sun, and the water was clear and swiftly moving and blue in the channels”(3). Life’s river bottom is littered with small problems and with large problems. When things are going well, our lives are blue skies and sunshine and we are eager to have life pass rapidly. Hemingway is making a stand on the political atmosphere that was prevalent in America in the late 1920’s and one which can be applied in contemporary America as well. I must Wharton2 disagree with Thomas P. McDonnell, who wrote in an article for the...
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...and economic growth (Kumares, Sinha & Labi, 2007). This paper however will move away from highways and most common types of transit systems to focus on high speed rail and its potential economic development impacts in the United States. By examining additional resources such as World Bank analysis, papers from the MIT library, and reports from non-profit advocacy groups, this paper seeks answers on why a project with tremendous economic benefits has not yet happened in a country known for always being first when it comes to leading in innovation and economic development. Introduction In Kumares et al.’s. (2007), two types of transportation impact on economic development are listed. One is the impact on the overall economic development, driving income and jobs, for instance, and the other is the positive effect on investment, property appreciation and tax revenue. All of this correlates with higher wages and better communities. At the same times, when looking at other developed and emerging countries, like countries of the European Union and China for example it’s quick to notice that they have invested in high speed rails, something the United States has not yet embraced. Which is somewhat of a paradox considering that United States is a nation of technology innovation and economic excellence. The following line will assess the economic developments impacts of high speed rails in China and Europe, then examine the status of the US high speed rail...
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...IN YOUR VIEW, DISCUSS HOW MARKETING COMMUNICATION CAN SERVE A STRATEGIC AND TACTICAL ROLE IN A MARKETING CAMPAIGN. PROVIDE EXAMPLES Marketing campaign are specific activities designed to promote a product, service or business through marketing communication. Marketing communication are co-ordinated promotional messages delivered through one or more channels such as print, radio, television, direct mail and personal selling. Marketing communication can have either a strategic or a tactical role depending on the marketing tool use and the effects it has on consumers. A tactical role is one that implies ‘Short-duration, adaptive, action-interaction realignments that opposing forces use to accomplish limited goals after their initial contact’ (Quinn, 2003). Therefore, a tactical role is to be quick and fix in action expecting a limited or no result in the future; like for example a sudden sales promotion in response to concurrence Marketing strategy. In contrast a strategic role implies long term plans and consequences involving many of the organization’s activities and resources, and which could shape the company’s competitive position in order to fit some environmental change (Johnson et al, 2005). Marketing campaigns can be used for various reason, however so as to give my view on how marketing communication can serve a strategic and tactical role we will focus on five uses of marketing campaigns which are Introducing new product, build brand image, increase sales of product already...
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... Stop... start... stop... start. If you make a habit of driving in city traffic, you'll know it can be a huge waste of time. What's less obvious is that it's also a huge waste of energy. Getting a car moving needs a big input of power, and every time you hit the brakes all the energy you've built up disappears again, wasted in the brake pads as heat. Wouldn't it be good if you could store this energy somehow and reuse it next time you started to accelerate? That's the basic concept of regenerative brakes.What are they? How do they work? Let's take a closer look! Why does braking waste energy? [pic] If you get about town on a bicycle, it's very obvious that braking is a huge waste of energy. You have to peddle to get yourself going, and each time you brake and come to a standstill you waste all the momentum you've gained. Next time you want to move off, you have to start from scratch all over again. Put your hands anywhere near the brake pads on a bicycle and you'll know exactly where the energy goes: each time you brake and the rubber pads clamp on the wheel, friction between rubber and metal converts the energy you had when you were moving into heat, which disappears uselessly into the air, never to be seen again. (WARNING: Be very careful if you try this because brakes can get really hot!) Car drivers are pretty much oblivious to the energy that braking wastes because driving doesn't require any real, physical effort. Not only that, but car brakes are hidden...
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...- wouldn't be very good at GPS. But before you answer that, let me just remind people I'm Paul Raeburn. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR News. All right… Dr. NASS: Okay… RAEBURN: …so why would Dylan be a bad idea? Dr. NASS: The problem is that our brains are built that when we hear a voice, we associate with that voice - especially if it's a person's voice we know - all the characteristics and benefits and negatives associated with that voice. Now when it comes to navigation, we want someone who's known as being very precise, who's careful, who is alert and attentive to detail, and that's certainly not the image that Bob Dylan portrays. So generally, in fact, the idea of using famous people - unless those people are famous for exactly the things we would want in a GPS. So, if anyone knew what Hiawatha's voice sounded like… (Soundbite of laughter) Dr. NASS: …that would be a great voice for a GPS. But Bob Dylan is best served in other ways. RAEBURN: Now, tell us just a little bit more about - just briefly tick off a few of the other things you've done in machine-human communications. Then, we can talk about one or two. Dr. NASS: Well, we have a lot of recent work in the car space, having to do, for example, showing that the voice in the car as being about Bob Dylan. But for happy drivers, they drive much better with the happy voice in the car. But depressed voice - depressed people and sad and upset people actually drive more safely when the navigation system has a subdued...
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