...methods for such disorders? In this essay I will be discussing unipolar and bipolar disorders in detail; what is the difference between them, available treatment methods for individuals who suffer from these illnesses and signs and symptoms that might possibly happen. According to R.J Comer, (Fundamentals of abnormal psychology, 2005, 4th ed. Chapter 7) Unipolar is described as an individual who has “no history of mania and returns to a normal or nearly normal mood when their depression lifts. Bipolar is described as individuals who experience periods of mania that alternates with periods of depression.” Any kind of anxiety, stress, and/or depression can alternate a person’s ability to function in normal daily activities. Meaning an individual may or may not be able to get out of bed, go into public, or interact with others. What are the causes of such disorders? It could be that a person has been through a traumatic event in their life such as, a disaster, losing a job, divorce, rape, or substance abuse, etc. When such life’s events happen a person can withdraw themselves almost as if they have lost their way and cannot figure out how to deal with such crisis, that things just keep building up on top of each other and never truly heal the root cause. This cycle can go on allowing for the individual to get into more of a depressed state and anxiety causing abnormal behaviors, thoughts and feelings. An individual diagnosed with Bipolar disorder have extreme poles of emotion...
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...Essay Topic – PsychoEducation is a fundamental part of routine care for people with mental illness, using current literature, discuss the use of psychoeducation in mental health care under the following headings; Opportunities for psychoeducation in clinical settings Role of the nurse/therapist in providing psychoeducation Effectiveness of psychoeducation in enhancing mental health outcomes for people with mental disorders The current therapeutic model for the treatment of mental health disorders embraces a combination of pharmacological and psychological interventions. Psychoeducational methods are employed in clinical procedures for all mental health disorders and are critical to integrated health care (Bedell, Hunter & Corrigan, 2009). Creamer and O'Donnell (2008) refer to psychoeducation as education, which is specially targeted to psychological health and aims to produce changes in an individual’s knowledge, attitudes, and skills to improve health outcomes. This study is aimed at discussing what psychoeducation is, its role in clinical settings, its efficacy and how nurses figure in employing techniques attributed to psychoeducation. The study draws from evidence-based literature, including meta-analyses and research papers in the field. It is common practice to inform patients with any chronic disorder to be informed about their illness, prognosis and treatment. For instance, patients with diabetes will be educated on their...
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...This essay will explore a case scenario I attended whilst on placement. It will illustrate the fundamental principles of communication applied within inter-professional working. Furthermore, it will identify frameworks and communication tools used effectively in the collaborative of the MDT. The Gibbs' Reflective Cycle (1988) will guide me in my reflection. Although, newer models have since been produced, I believe this model will provide a clear and accurate evaluation of my case scenario. The scenario to be critical analysed is a ‘Manager’s hearing’. This takes place when a person, who previously received in-patient care under a section 3 of the Mental Health Act, is transferred into the community on a CTO. For the purpose of this text, I will not be using the names of those who attend the hearing, therefore, complying with the NMC code of conduct (2008), which enforces the rights to confidentiality for...
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...Larisa Litvinko Litvinko 1 English 100-Professor Dana J Kerrigan Essay #3: The Expository Essay 31 July 2012 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD- Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental health problem that can occur after one goes through a traumatic event in their life. Today, military people or people who struggled with challenges, such as injuries caused by the attack on September eleven, could have been experiencing the PTSD. Doctors, families, Psychologists, and scientists are very concerned about this disorder and are finding right ways to resolve this problem. Some scientific studies have been completed over the past few years. The studies were regarding the impacts of combat deployments and their relation to spouse abuse. Research in the article “Psychology of Violence” shows that numerous psychological and behavioral outcomes are related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The most common symptoms were depression, alcohol intoxication, and spouse abuse. The September eleven, terrorist attack, serving in military, and being deployed into a war has a direct impact on soldiers and their families. The article gives us three studies that examined the effects of deployment on spouse abuse. The first study discovered that returning Army soldiers report abuse rates that lasted longer than six months (McCarroll et. al.,2000). The second and third study found no association between deployment and self-reported spouse abuse during a post deployment period...
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...Depression There are many people all over the world who suffer with serious symptoms and issues that are caused from depression. One of the most surprising elements of depression is that it is not only a condition that affects a person mentally; however, it also affects a person physically. There are a significant amount of symptoms for people who are experiencing depression. Some of the most common symptoms for depression include feeling sad about something in particular, becoming tired and fatigued all of the time, finding it to be a challenge to get out of bed in the morning, procrastinating on important events, and finding it hard to get joy out of traditionally joyful events in life. These are just a few of the most common symptoms of depression. There are a number of reasons that people get depression. Sometimes people begin to feel depressed after a significant negatively charged event in his or her life. For instance, someone could begin to exhibit signs of depression after a death in the family. The signs of depression might not even be apparent right away. The sadness might start out as tears for the loss of a loved one; however, over time this sadness can begin to be translated in to a long-term depression for the person who lost a loved one. Other depressions might be started from having difficulty finding a career, or paying bills. Some people become depressed after a traumatic event, and others after having an argument with someone. There are tons of forms of depression...
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...China’s Peaceful Rise to Dominance The current state of the globe has seen many changes in the past few decades. The global political structures have shifted and turned to provide a new landscape where substantial evolution has and will continue to occur. The purpose of this essay is to argue and prove that China will rise to power in a peaceful manner throughout the 21st century. This paper will first explain the current situation, which has left China in position to become a global leader as the new century unfolds. The essay will also examine military, economic and social issues that may positively contribute to this change and lead this Asian country to a new significant posture within the geo-political realm of international relations. The Rise of China towards the 21st Century Technology and communication improvements have changed the world for good. With new developments in these areas, the world has become much smaller and navigable in many ways when discussing China and their current rise to global prominence in recent times. The end of the Cold War which saw a bipolar world develop into a unipolar world has created opportunity for other powerful nations to step in and play a key role in global events that are unfolding. China’s massive population and natural resources have continued to organize and be directed towards more powerful means. Chinese leaders have seen this coming for years as the country began opening up to global interests in the 1970’s. As America’s...
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...for this population (e.g., mental health courts) and they share an emphasis on one component as the foundation of the problem: mental illness. Focusing soley on psychiatric services inadequately tie in with the policy goal of reducing recidivism. The validity of mental illness being linked t criminal behavior points towards moderated arbitration techniques and the effect of mental illness on other “recidivism” is to some extent interceded by system impartiality and shame. The recognition of mental illness being tied to offenders been identified as a feasible tool to decrease the escalating level of offending amongst juveniles, and indeed has been implemented in varying forms as a diversion away from the criminal justice system. In this essay, the notion of people with mental health problems are not at increased risk of committing violence will be explored. Mulvey (1997) showed that in general, contrary to findings of earlier research, an association does appear to exist between mental illness and the likelihood of being involved in violent incidents however a dual diagnosis of mental illness and substance abuse markedly compounds the possibility pro violence, and the correlation concerning mental illness and...
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...Techniques in Performance Appraisal Encourage Discussion Research studies show that employees are likely to feel more satisfied with their appraisal result if they have the chance to talk freely and discuss their performance. It is also more likely that such employees will be better able to meet future performance goals. Employees are also more likely to feel that the appraisal process is fair if they are given a chance to talk about their performance. This is especially so when they are permitted to challenge and appeal against their evaluation. Constructive Intention It is very important that employees recognize that negative appraisal feedback is provided with a constructive intention, i.e., to help them overcome present difficulties and to improve their future performance. Employees will be less anxious about criticism, and more likely to find it useful, when the belief is that the appraiser's intentions are helpful and constructive. In contrast, other studies have reported that "destructive criticism" - which is vague, ill- informed, unfair or harshly presented - will lead to problems such as anger, resentment, tension and workplace conflict, as well as increased resistance to improvement, denial of problems, and poorer performance. Set Performance Goals It has been shown in numerous studies that goal-setting is an important element in employee motivation. Goals can stimulate employee effort, focus attention, increase persistence, and encourage...
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...Ashley Gibbons PSY-400:History and Systems of Psychology Final Paper January 22, 2015 The nature versus nurture debate has lasted for centuries because of the difficulty of separating genetic and environmental factors in human beings. Psychologists have been debating for years and years if genetics or your surroundings are more important in determining your personalities. It is truly fascinating to stop and ask your self some questions. What makes me shy or brave? What makes me smart and what makes me lack common sense? What makes me the way I am? Is it the way I was born and the genetics I have or is it because of the environment I grew up around and the behaviors I caught on to? Just thinking about all the questions you can stop and ask yourself about why you are the way you are can give you some idea as to why nature versus nurture is still such a big debate today. The coding in each of our cells determines the different traits that we are going to have, more dominantly like the eye color, hair color, ear size and height. “However, it is still not known weather the more abstract attributes like personality, intelligence, sexual orientation, likes and dislikes are gene coded in our DNA, too”(explorable.com). One of the hottest issues that people like to bring up today regarding looking at the nature theory is the gay issue. People like the say that there is an actual “gay gene” that exists and that gay people are born that way. Another issue that we face today would be the...
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...within these individuals. Schizophrenia has also been said to be a hereditary disease and many psychiatrists have to dig deeper into the patient’s family history for any correlation within the family. There are many aspects to take into consideration when dealing with someone who is suffering with delusions and a mixture of religious influence as it can create a lot of controversy. Many will argue this, but medical science throughout history has been solving these types of mysteries surrounding schizophrenia and their relation to exorcisms. Keywords: schizophrenia, exorcism, hallucinations, demons, religion. Exorcism vs Schizophrenia: Any Relation? Many cases throughout history have been misdiagnosed due to the impact of religious influence on a patient which is suffering from schizophrenia. A lot of these types of cases present individuals suffering from paranoid delusions which include hallucinations and the hearing of voices. Many patients listen to these so called voices and commit crimes from murder or even just...
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...Who I Am As A Learner Education Essay This test is analyzing where I stand as a leaner, how I can help myself to improve my performance by focusing on areas which are relevant to the study of any subject and which will have a significant influence on my mark or grade. As a student, we should responsible for my own learning and development there are skills can use to improve my performance. However the most important of this test to me is that it determines where I stand today and defines the direction for where I want myself to be successful in the future. The test is conducted on myself i.e. VARK, learning styles , MBTI, and Belbin, those outcome is justification based on my personal experience from various individual who know me to determine the trueness associated with the outcome. 1.1 Application of VARK Test The first test that I performed was the VARK questionnaire ‘How do I learn best’ (Appendix 1). The VARK is a questionnaire to provide users with a profile to their learning preferences for taking in and giving our information. The VARK consist of the 16 questions with four options, and the learner can select more than one option for each question. This instrument, recently updated, is free either as an online or printable version (www.vark-learn.com). Other than this, VARK also provides students with an indication of their preferences for learning and as such it will indicate stronger and weaker preferences. Specifically, take the four preferences emphasized in the VARK questionnaire...
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...Educational Debate NAME University of Phoenix COM150 Effective Essay Writing Shelagh Smith February 21, 2010 Introduction There is widespread debate about whether or not special needs students should be exempt from graduation and exit-level tests. Many believe that testing will place students where they belong in society. Under this belief pattern, is it fair to judge special needs students by these standards? Many parents and educators believe that it is unfair for special needs children to be judged or tested in the same manner as children who do not have special needs. The major concern here is not so much whether or not special needs students should take exit level tests; but rather how special needs students are classified, whether or not the correct accommodations are provided, and if a single indicator is used for assessment. To identify a special needs students capability levels, multiple indicators must be given. These multiple indicators include: tests, observations, psychological reports, student work samples, and parent and teacher interviews. Because it is difficult or almost impossible for educators to determine what level of accommodation is needed for each student, educators must consider giving students exit level tests according to their individual academic level. This must be done on a case-by-case basis. Timothy Bush, a special education teacher at Sanford high school in Delaware, said it best: “The national demand for high standards and accountability...
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...The Harvard System "Well no, I don't have the author or the title, but I need the reference for my bibliography!" For your citations, references And bibliographies Revised 2011 Denise Heslop HE Academic Support Tutor Contents Section 1: Using the Harvard System Introduction How to use this Booklet Citations, References and Bibliographies: what they are and why you need them How to Cite References in your Text Page Numbers Citing Several Documents by the Same Author Anonymous Documents Documents With No Publication Date Coping with Quotes Short quotations Longer quotations YOU have not seen Recording your references Bibliographical details required for different sources 8 9 3 4 5 6 6 6 6 7 1 1 1 Secondary Quotations: citing or quoting from sources 7 Section 2: How to cite and reference your sources Examples 1. Books 1.1 Books with single author/editor 1.2 Books with organisations as authors 1.3 Books with 2or 3 authors/editors 1.4Books with more than 3 authors/editors 10 11 11 12 13 Contents continued 2. Chapters or sections of edited books 3. Books on e-readers (eg: Kindle) 4. Electronic books (e-books) 5. Journal articles (print version) 6. Online journals 7. Journal articles in online collections 8. Newspaper articles (print version) 9. Newspaper articles online 10. Government publications 11. Reports from online databases 12. Web pages 13. CD-ROMs/DVD-ROMs 14. YouTube videos 14 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 31 Section 3: The Bibliography ...
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...87 .,~. Peer Tutoring and the "Conversation of Mankind" by Kenneth A. Bruffee The beginnings of peer tutoring lie in practice, not in theory. A decade or so ago, faculty and administrators in a few institutions around the country became aware that, increasingly, students entering college had difficulty doing as well in academic studies as their abilities suggested they should be able to do. Some of these students were in many ways poorly prepared academically. Many more of them, however, had on paper excellent secondary preparation. The common denominator among the poorly prepared and the apparently well prepared seemed to be that, for cultural reasons we may not yet fully under stand, all these students had difficulty adapting to the traditional or "normal" conventions of the college classroom. One symptom of the difficulty was that many of these students refuSed .help when it was offered. Mainly, colleges offered ancillary programs staffed by professionals. Students avoided them in droves. Many solutions to this problem were suggested and tried, from mandated programs to sink-or-swim. One idea that seemed at the time among the most exotic and unlikely (that is, in the jargon of the Sixties, among the most "radical") turned out to work rather well. Some of us had guessed that students were refusing the help we were providing because it seemed to them merely an extension of the work, the expectations, and above all the social structure of traditional classroom learning. And...
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...reader an overview of depression and how it influences the health of an individual in a negative manner. Through its historical context, it is possible to review the progress mankind has made in coming up with effective ways of dealing with depression. Under causes, depression is indicated as being caused by various environmental, psychological, and biological factors. Treating depression necessitates timely medical attention, but it can be prevented through ideal health habits such as exercise and relaxation. Various cross-cultural issues about depression are highlighted, with Christianity offering a spiritual insight into the causes and treatment of depression. Keywords: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), bipolar disorder, neurotransmitters, antidepressants, psychotherapy, cross-cultural diagnostics Introduction Under abnormal psychology, depression is considered a serious illness with a negative influence on both the mental and physical health of an individual. Depression influences how individuals feel about themselves. Apart from losing interest in work and hobbies, depression makes people to lack energy, experience difficulties during sleep, or to sleep more than they are supposed to (Comer, 2014). Irritability is also synonymous with depression with lack of concentration making life very difficult. Under the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders...
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