...A2 Sociology ASSESSMENT PACK 2015-16 A2 Level Sociology Student Tracking Sheet | |Current Grade |Target Grade |Lates |Attendance | |September | | | | | |November | | | | | |January | | | | | |March | | | | | |May | | | | | | |Families |Education | |UMS | | | |Grade | | | | |Handed in on |Mark |Grade |What is the target for my next piece of work? |Above/ On/ Under Target | |Assessment/Homework |time...
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...The essay focuses on the social construction of crime, and the possible reasons for these social constructions. In the first section, the essay explains what crime is, and the constructionist perspective theory. In the Second section my essay focuses on the crime as socially constructed and why it is socially constructed. In the third section essay explains, three levels of explanation in the study of deviant and criminal behaviour. In the final section, it focuses on the historical theoretical periods, which plays an important role in revitalising past discoveries. Crime is a term that refers to many types of misconduct that is forbidden by law. There are a number of different reasons as to why crime can be viewed as a social construction. There cannot be 'social problems' that are not the product of social construction - naming, labelling, defining and mapping them into place - through which we can 'make sense' of them' (Clarke, 2001). In this essay I will explain what is social construction, also what crime is, and why we think, that crime is socially constructed. Furthermore, I will explain how media construct crime and the stigma of black crime. In the last paragraph I will explore the importance of Marxist and Durkheim's theories on the emergence of crime....
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...Relying on examples from your own experience and from Staples’ essay, write an essay discussing what parts you think race plays in people's reactions to Staples. Do you think his perceptions are accurate? Make sure that you document Staples’ words and ideas and that you include a works cited page. (See Chapter 18 of the Patterns text for information on MLA documentation.) A White Man’s Privilege Alters Public Spaces “My first victim was a woman – white, well dressed, probably in her early twenties, I came upon her late one evening on a deserted street in Hyde Park, a relatively affluent neighborhood in an otherwise mean, impoverished section of Chicago.” Staples begins his essay very powerfully. Upon reading the first paragraph, one would think they were about to read about a thrilling crime. Unfortunately, Staples was recounting a time he was judged by the color of his skin, as he walked through the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. “I was indistinguishable from the muggers who occasionally seeped into the area from the surrounding ghetto.” Staples’s naivety is sadly endearing, as he has clearly hadn't experienced any deep form of racism until he was almost twenty two years old. Why does Staples evoke this reaction? My story begins in Chicago as well, the year is 2008 and I was walking down Belmont; heading east from Sheffield. It was 4:30am and the streets were dark and distant. I was still getting to know the city and was walking extra cautiously, as not to slip...
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...Comparing the Theme of Madness in “The Tell-Tale Heart” and “The Black Cat” This Essay is going to compare theme of madness presented to reader in two short stories ‘The Tell-Tale Heart’ and ‘The Black Cat’ both by Edgar Allan Poe. One might argue that the theme of madness is presented quite differently in both short stories if compared to each other. ‘The Tell-Tale Heart’ presents us a true madman; the main character kills the old man because of the look of the old mans eye. This is highlighted by the piece, which was extracted from the story itself “I loved the old man. He had never wrong me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire. I think it was his eye! Yes it was this” Furthermore it is clearly shown that the madman liked the old man and he didn’t want old mans money. Madman committed the most atrocious of crimes because of the old mans appearance. However the main character doesn’t think he is mad and strongly believes that the old mans eye was pure evil, and this is highlighted by the quotes from “The Tell-Tale Heart”. “You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me. You should have seen how wisely I proceeded --with what caution --with what foresight --with what dissimulation I went to work! I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him”. The main character almost tries to compensate the murder by saying that he was nice to the old man before he killed him. Moreover, the main character...
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...In part of the chapter, “Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others” Du Bois argues with Washington’s plan about allowing blacks to focus more on industrial education instead on higher education (college schools). And by doing so will allow them to become better working people. However, this had lead Washington to one of three paradoxes that Du Bois talk about in his essay. “He advocates common – school and industrial training, and depreciates institutions of higher learning; but neither the Negro common – schools … could remain open a day were it not for the teachers trained in Negro colleges, or trained by their graduates” (Du Bois 49). Base on Du Bois’ remark Washington fails by the lack of teachers who would be able to train the blacks in these...
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...DuBois’ first response upon realizing that their race was a problem is comparable to blacks in America today. Their feeling of disdain for the white people on the opposite side of the veil reveals another point about the concept of the veil. DuBois’ veil concept not only refers to the whites’ view of African-Americans as obstructed by the veil. The opacity works two ways. Just like the little white could not clearly see DuBois for who he was beyond the color of his skin due to her veil, Dubois could not properly see the entire white race because of this one encounter with this little white girl that he then projected onto all white people. The same is true in the case of Cain who sued the Pullman Company for his...
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...the official statistics on crime and ethnicity provide a valid picture of the criminal activities of ethnic minorities? The purpose of official statistics is to provide us with an unbiased, objective and informative look at crime rates within the UK. However, although the statistics themselves may, to a certain extent, be reliable, the way in which they are obtained is not. Police in different areas may deem certain areas of crime a priority and thus report and record these accordingly. Also, biases within the system itself against those from ethnic minorities may affect the resulting statistics to portray an uneven account of criminal activity. The relationship between crime rates and ethnicity is extremely complex due to other factors such as the difficulty of identifying a person’s ethnic origin and the cultural and social differences between ethnic groups. It has been shown on a variety of occasions that male black youths are disproportionately selected by the police to be ‘stopped and searched’; this then results in higher numbers of black youths being charged with offences as they have been caught doing so. However, the same crimes are probably being committed by other subcultures within society, but as both the media and police do not focus on them, they are not being seen. There are many flaws with official statistics and therefore their reliability. For example, there are sections of crime that are not dealt with by...
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...[pic] English 112 Final Exam Study Questions “The Hypercriminalization of Black and Latino Male Youth” by Victor M. Rios Summarize the essay. Explain what Rios means by “mass incarceration” (41). Rios declares that his article “is to account for the social effects of mass incarceration and the criminalization of young males of color” (41). Based on the evidence he provides, what are those “social effects”? What does Victor Rios mean when he writes “These young adult deviants do not become on their 18th birthday, rather they are systematically constructed as criminals and face the wrath of the penal state and criminalization as early as 8 years of age” (41). In what ways do you think this statement is true or false? Fully explain your answer. Rios discloses that Black and Latino youth have been labeled “deviant” (41). From his explanations, why are they labeled this way, and how does this label affect them? How do the problems they face in the job sector (Rios 42) account for how young Black and Latino males may view their future outcomes? Identify the reason/reasons that the 28 non-violent offenders were treated in similar ways to Tyrone and Jose: the two violent offenders (Rios 43). Explain what Jonathan Simon means by "crisis of ‘governance’" (43). Explain what Rios means by his statement that “the government had become an abusive step-parent figure” (43). According to him, what are the effects of this “abusive” relationship? What does Rios...
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...Monster Literary Analysis Essay The justice system, a system founded on the hopes of a justifying punishment for one’s crime. The novel “Monster”, by Walter Dean Myers, is about a young black male, Steve Harmon. In this novel Steve talks about his experiences in prison from what he sees to what he feels. Steve talks about his experiences through his journal. To keep up with what was going on in court during his trial he writes down parts of his journal in screenplay form. In his journal he talks about the struggles he faces,may it be about his trial, his past, or with himself. Myers uses mood to show how Steve Harmon’s surroundings affect his state of mind. The author also uses syntax to help the readers...
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...there are significant ethnic differences in the likelihood of being involved in the criminal justice system. Specifically, black people are over-represented in the system. In this essay I will talk about the reasons for these differences. One of the reasons for the differences in crime statistics is put forward but left realists Lea and Young (1993), they argue that the statistics do, in fact, reflect real life differences. Left realists see crime as the product of relative deprivation, subcultures and marginalisation. They argue that racism has led to the marginalisation and economic exclusion of ethnic minorities, who face higher levels of unemployment, poverty and poor housing. This means that these minorities then get things they cannot usually get by illegitimate means. Delinquent subcultures are made especially by young unemployed black males; this produces higher levels of utilitarian crime, such as theft and robbery, as a means of coping with relative deprivation. Furthermore, because these groups are marginalised and have no organisations to represent their interests, their frustration is liable to produce non-utilitarian crime, such as violence and rioting. Lea and Young also acknowledge that the police often act in racist ways and that this results in the unjustified criminalisation of some members of minority groups. However, 90% of crimes are reported by the public, not police, therefore it is unlikely that the police do not act in discriminatory ways under these...
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...Deviance & Crime “Stop! Put your hands where I can see them punk!” At that moment that's when you knew you screwed up big time. Getting involved with the cops is never fun for anyone unless you’re the cop. In this essay I will be disusing the difference between crime and deviance, The National Crime Victimization Survey, feminist approaches. Also will be getting into the different age/race/class crime rates, and the rates of crime back in the day and crime rates today. Crime is behavior that breaks the law, and deviance is behavior that differs from the socially accepted norm. Deviance is a much wider and obscure concept than crime and is therefore more difficult to define. Deviance exists in relation to what is considered `normal` in a society. For example of deviant behavior is like getting a facial tattoo or a very bold body piercing. When on the other hand an example of crime is rape, homicide or aggravated assault. Which the punishments ranges from more than a year to a life time. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), is administered by the Bureau of Justice Statistic. This national survey asked household in the United States twice a year if they have been victims of a crime and hasn’t been reported to the police. They ask approximately 49,000 to 77,400 households in the US. The survey is usually focused on rape, assault, robbery, motor vehicle theft, burglary and larceny. They use this information to build a crime index to assist the dark figure of crime. This survey...
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...justice In today’s day of age people are always blaming some race on crimes, but is that racist are is it profiling? I will first start by talking about what is profiling. Profiling is used by cities and towns all over the U.S. Profiling has been a problem because people don’t look at the facts but the color of their skin, religion, and national origin of the person (ACLU , 2017). Profiling was used a lot after September 11, 2001 with Muslim, Arab at the airlines, federal law and local police. In an Article published in 2015 named Muslims in prison? I found out that 60% of Muslims were even though Muslims make up about 8% of the population in 2010 (Markind, 2015). Now I will talk about the statics on hate crimes in the...
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...in Ferguson, Missouri, there were three documented killings of black males by law enforcement officers in 2014 . Most noteworthy of the three were Eric Garner, who was put in an illegal chokehold by a white police officer for fifteen seconds, resulting in his death. Officer Daniel Pantaleo was never charged1. After the killing of Michael Brown, another twelve cases of unarmed black men shot and killed by law enforcement have caught the public’s attention. In the sixteen cases, six cases are still undergoing in-vestigation. Four officers have been charged for the killings, and three of the officers were charged with involuntary manslaughter. In five of the sixteen cases, no...
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...death penalty has already been abolished which the first-time human abolished death penalty. Most of the countries don’t use death penalty on teenagers. This essay will argue that death penalty should be abolished because it gives the court the possibility to release the innocent person; there is the race discriminant in using the death penalty; the death penalty is incompatible with human rights and there are other ways. Death penalty kills the possibility for citizens who are innocent to release. No matter how the times progress, misjudgment will always exist. Even though the proportion will be lower, the innocent case won’t be avoided. It is unfair for an innocent person alternative the criminal to sentence the death penalty without any remedy opportunities. In 1992, Cameron Todd Willinghai...
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...Hate Crimes – Cause and Effects AIU Online Abstract This essay will look at motives of an individual and the people that may be targeted by their deviance. What causes an individual to deviate from the norms of society will be discussed along with the effects it has on an individual and members of the community. At last we will look at laws and education that may be useful in minimizing the occurrence of these deviances. Hate Crimes – Cause and Effects Hate crimes it seems are the newest deviances in our social justice vocabulary. Specific hate crime statutes started being passed by state legislatures in the late 80’s following research that showed an escalation of crime that was triggered by prejudice (Hate Crime). Emile Durkheim proposed the structural-functional approach to deviance saying that it is a necessary function to set and affirm our moral boundaries (Macionis, ch. 9, pp 197). But what is a hate crime; do we need a special classification for them and what type of individual would commit these acts? Crimes that are committed due to prejudices of race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, and other reasons are said to be hate motivated. Unfortunately, the federal government and the thirty plus states that have hate crime statutes cannot come together to agree or precisely define its meaning (Hate Crime). This confusion exists because of the first amendment rights to free speech and the difficulty in regulating individual’s beliefs. To find out who the...
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