...Running head: AIDS/HIV IN THE AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY MBA 530 Community Health Evaluation/Epidemiology Dr. Patricia Pierce Latoya Blain 06/17/2012 AIDS/HIV in the African American Community Of all the ethnic and racial groups of the United States of America, the African Americans are the ones who have been to a larger extent faced with the HIV/AIDS burden. Statistics show that more than two hundred and thirty thousand African Americans have already passed on as a result of AIDS- a figure which represents 40% of the total deaths in the U.S. Besides, it is estimated that those living with HIV in the U.S. are more than one million, half of whom are blacks (NASTAD, 2005). The probability of having been infected with HIV/AIDS among the African Americans is one on every 16 (for the black males) and 1 in every 30 people (for the black women). Washington D.C. has the highest prevalence of HIV infection, at three percent; with 75% of the infected people being African Americans. The National HIV/AIDS Strategy has reported that African Americans form the greatest proportion of the many cases of HIV/AIDS in the various transmission sorts, including among women, injection drug users, infants and heterosexual men (The White House, 2010). From the above statistics, one may, therefore, wonder African Americans as affected by AIDS in such a disproportionate manner. Historically, it was back in the early 1980s...
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...| Disparity of Healthcare for AIDS/HIV Patients | Lana Iris English 12312/15/14 | Disparity of Healthcare with Patients with AIDS/HIV For the last thirty years AIDS/HIV has been a controversial topic, but more recently, the disease itself has not been controversial but the disparity in receiving proper care both in prevention modalities and active treatment for the disease. While the Obama administration has taken steps toward the elimination of these disparities through the National HIV/AIDS Strategy and Implementation Plan, there is still much work to be done. This brief highlights underexplored explanations for these disparities and outlines possible solutions to begin addressing them. Oftentimes, popular culture has offered unfortunately erroneous explanations for the stark racial disparate impact of HIV/ AIDS. The mass media, for example, has suggested that black men “on the down low” infect black women by secretly sleeping with male partners, acting as a bisexual “bridge” between gay and straight communities. But public health scholars have found little support for this theory. Many may assume that black people suffer from greater HIV prevalence because they are considered less sexually responsible than whites. Yet several studies have shown that black women and black men who have sex with men—the two groups most severely impacted by HIV/AIDS—have similar numbers of sexual partners and use condoms as often as their white counterparts. Thus, behavioral risk factors...
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...HIV in the African American Population HIV in the African American Population The year was 1981, and the first discovered cases of PCP, Pneumocystis Cabrini pneumonia was discovered in five young males who did not fit the norm for being diagnosed with this disease. In 1983, the isolation of a T lymph tropic retrovirus was found. In January 1983, the CDC reported a new disease which could be sexually transmitted both homosexually and heterosexual, passed from mother to infant, through blood and blood products. A note was made that the disease could also be passed from a negative host, who carried the disease asymptomatically. On February 7th, the world takes notice of the African American blacks and their relationship with the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In 2006, blacks composed approximately 12% of the United States population over the age of 13. Out of that reported number it was estimated that 46% of them are living with HIV/AIDS. 63% of those cases were from between male to male cases, with 83% new cases being from high risk heterosexual black females. The numbers from the CDC report it is an estimated 12.3 per 10,000 blacks that are currently affected yearly. Of all the ethnic and racial groups of the United States of America, the African Americans are the ones who have been to a larger extent faced with the HIV/AIDS burden. Statistics show that more than two hundred and thirty thousand African Americans have already passed on as a result of AIDS- a figure which represents...
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...Chelsea Johnson Bio 111 Dr. Hall HIV AIDS in Southeastern U.S United States Statistics show that the AIDS epidemic began in 1981. Since then 1.7 million Americans have been infected with HIV. A number of 583,298 U.S. citizens have died due to AIDS-related causes. 1.1 million Americans are living with HIV and don’t even know it. An estimated 21% of people living with HIV are undiagnosed. AIDS spread so fast that every 9.5 minutes; someone in the U.S. is infected with HIV. The leading cause of the spreading disease is said to be gay and bisexual men. Gay and bisexual men continue to spread the HIV infection. They are accounted for an estimated 53% of new HIV infections. Also, African-Americans and Latinos are affected by HIV and AIDS as well. However, Blacks are accounted for 45% of new HIV infections in 2006. There is 47% of Black living with the disease and they make up only 12% of the U.S. population. Latinos account for 17% of new infections. They comprise 15% of the U.S. population. Whites represent 35% of new infections and account for 66% of the total population (HIV/AIDS Facts). The AIDS case rate for African Americans is more than 9 times that of whites. Also the HIV rate is 7 times greater among blacks than whites. Survival after an AIDS diagnosis is lower for blacks than any other racial/ethnic group. The largest share of any age group is young adults and teens between 13 and 29 that represent 34% of new HIV infections. Black teens that become affected represent...
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...include HPV, herpes and HIV. While HIV treatment is changing into more widely offered globally, such treatment still eludes many people living within the world’s poorest communities. Health care systems in several developing countries struggle to produce even basic health services. although more folks have started HIV care and treatment within the past few years, there are still several challenges; not solely is medication usually unavailable in some places, however there aren't certain amount of numbers of health care suppliers trained to help clients prevent HIV or STIs or to treat or counsel men and ladies living with HIV or AIDS. in addition, physicians usually discriminate against people living with HIV and continue the stigma surrounding HIV in their workplaces and...
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...HIV/AIDS Policy Process Sheila Zinnerman HCS/455 Health Care Policy: The Past and the Future University of Phoenix, Augusta Campus June 9th, 2011 Sharon E. Reed. MA, MPA HIV/AIDS Policy Process Part I The Offices of HIV/AIDS Policy spear-headed by the president of the United States promotes health and human services policies concerning implementation and development of HIV/AIDS policy, programs and resources. This paper will describe the first three stages of the policy process. The stages of interest here are the formulation, legislative and implementation stages. The goal of the HIV/AIDS Policy is to engage individuals, schools, organizations, and communities for the fight against HIV/AIDS. The policy’s objective is to change people’s attitudes about those living with HIV and those who are most at-risk for the disease (OHAP, 2010). In order to attain these goals unified groups and agencies are needed to form a policy. The Formulation Stage During this stage of the policy process information from institutional and national research programs are gathered from reports, research projects, resource flows like human resources and development patterns, medical research councils, and ministries whose activities affect the health of people. Within this stage long and short term goals are stated considering future of health scenarios and relative research needs. Policy guidelines specifying priority topics and themes are formulated. Listed below are eight other factors...
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...meltdown, and the growing threat of the AIDS epidemic. More than 56,000 people in this country contract HIV every year. AIDS was once thought to be a white epidemic that accounted for a high percentage around the 1980’s until the late 1990’s. Today it is worst among African Americans who represent nearly half of all new HIV infections, including two-thirds of the new cases among women and 70 percent of the new cases among adolescents. In researching African American accounted for the greatest percentage for cases diagnosed among males (44%) and the majority of cases among females (68%) among the ages 20-40 years old. AIDS clearly has affected certain groups more than others have. This study of AIDS among black women has caused concern in attitudes, health awareness, and beliefs when expressed by the community level. In interviewing three women and the AIDS, association we found that education alone is not a solutions but the changing the ways of thinking can produce a better outcome. This paper describes the practical usefulness of qualitative research in HIV/AIDS prevention education. Introduction Over the past 20 years, we have heard of new diseases like Ebola virus, lime disease, chronic disease but among these new diseases, AIDS has become the most devastating. AIDS is defined by a set of symptoms suggestive of the end stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. It is characterized by a loss of immunity against otherwise nonthreatening diseases. The virus...
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...thirteen years and older are infected with HIV, 14% of them being unaware of their infection. As of 2010, those most severely affected by the virus include men who have sex with men, accounting for 78% of new HIV infections in men. Since the epidemic began in the early 1980’s, 306,885 MSM diagnosed with AIDS have died, 5.302 of the individuals accounted for in 2011. Women account for 84% of new HIV infections as a result of heterosexual sex, with a mortality rate of 3,516 in 2011 and 89,683 since the epidemic began. Overall, the percentage of newly infected women has significantly decreased by 21%, going from 12,000 to 9,500 women. The other 16% of new infections in women occur as a result of injection drug use, with an estimated mortality rate of 3,723 in 2011. In both newly diagnosed men and women combined, blacks/African Americans account for 44% of cases, with an estimated 1 in 16 black men and 1 in 32 black women acquiring the disease at some point in their lifetime. Hispanics/Latinos also make up a high percentage of newly infected individuals with an estimated 20% of cases reported in 2011. In comparison to white males and females, Latino males are 2.9 times more likely to acquire the virus and Latinas 4.2 times more likely. In 2011, 2,310 Hispanics/Latinos died as a result of AIDS, with an overall 99,281 recorded deaths since the epidemic began (aids.gov, “HIV In The United States: At A Glance”, 2014). Since the first cases of HIV were reported in 1981, 39 million people...
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...Identify the targeted population. HIV/Aids • Gather data about the population demographics. More than 1.1 million people in the United States are living with HIV infection, and almost 1 in 5 (18.1%) are unaware of their infection Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM),1 particularly young black/African American MSM, are most seriously affected by HIV. By race, blacks/African Americans face the most severe burden of HIV CDC estimates that 1,148,200 persons aged 13 years and older are living with HIV infection, including 207,600 (18.1%) who are unaware of their infection.1 Over the past decade, the number of people living with HIV has increased, while the annual number of new HIV infections has remained relatively stable. Still, the pace of new infections continues at far too high a level— particularly among certain groups. HIV Incidence (new infections): The estimated incidence of HIV has remained stable overall in recent years, at about 50,000 new HIV infections per year.2Within the overall estimates, however, some groups are affected more than others. MSM continue to bear the greatest burden of HIV infection, and among races/ethnicities, African Americans continue to be disproportionately affected. HIV Diagnoses (new diagnoses, regardless of when infection occurred): In 2011, an estimated 49,273 people were diagnosed with HIV infection in the United States. In that same year, an estimated 32,052 people were diagnosed with AIDS...
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...importance of getting tested and what steps to take after receiving a positive test result. The city of Long Beach is well known for being a laid back beach town that is comprised of a mix of single family housing and apartment complexes with the former outnumbering the latter. There is a great mix of eateries, both large chain and local exclusives. There are also a number of literary stores, stage play theaters, and shopping boutiques. The city makes for a great date night, with varying types of cuisine and a broad range of entertainment, while offering family friendly fun with arts and craft shops, children self defense classes, and children’s gyms. According to the United States Census Bureau, Long Beach is comprised of majority black, white, and Hispanic people. With the percentage of white persons being below the...
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...National Perspective of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic on Hispanics/Latinos in the U.S. Washington, Keith Dr. Trigg HSHA 332 December 2, 2015 A National Perspective of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic on Hispanics/Latinos in the U.S. HIV is the abbreviation for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS. HIV affects specific cells of the immune system, called CD4 cells, or T cells. Over time, if left untreated, HIV can destroy so many of these cells that the body is no longer able to fight off infections or other diseases. However, with proper medical care, HIV can be controlled. When a person is infected with HIV the immune system tries to fight off the virus and does make some antibodies, but these antibodies are not able to defeat the virus. Scientists identified a type of chimpanzee in West Africa as the source of the HIV infection in humans. They believe that the chimpanzee version of the immunodeficiency virus called simian immunodeficiency virus, or SIV most likely was transmitted to humans and mutated into HIV when humans hunted these chimpanzees for meat and came into contact with their infected blood. Studies show that HIV may have jumped from apes to humans as far back as the late 1800s. Over decades, the virus slowly spread across Africa and later into other parts of the world. We know that the virus has existed in the United States since at least the mid- to late 1970s. It has been reported that the HIV virus was first noticed in the...
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...HIV/AIDS Affect on the African American Community Nicole Donald Capella University HIV/AIDS Affect on the African American Community HIV/AIDS is prevalent in the African American community. African Americans are among the highest risk group for contracting HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS has been an issue in the African-American community for a number of years. This learner will provide a general overview on the ethnic population under study but will have a particular focus on black heterosexual men for the purpose contributing to the much lacking knowledge base on this particular population subset. Problem Statement The topic of HIV/AIDS is relevant to mental health counseling because this disease can have a devastating effect on the psyche of any human being suffering with this illness. Many minority teens and adults have a passive attitude when it comes to HIV/AIDS, and when confronted with the issue, they need to have access to the proper channels for information and support. Over 33 million people worldwide are living with HIV infection, and approximately 56,000 new HIV infections are reported every year in the United States alone (Kamen, et al., 2012). Black heterosexual men (BHM) are seldom mentioned in HIV prevention research, policy, and interventions, despite evidence that heterosexual contact is becoming the leading exposure category for BHM (Bowleg & Raj, 2012). It is important to identify the risk factors and treatments available for African Americans with HIV/AIDS...
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...higher rate of HIV infection of African - American women In New York City there’s an alarming rate of African - American women at high risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. It’s unfortunate that amongst New York City unlimited diverse population, the African-American woman have steadily and continue to become affected with the HIV virus. Even though nowadays medication has shown improvement to treating HIV, more needed towards the prevention of becoming HIV-positive. Numerous factors must be addressed, and educational programs becoming readily available to the urban modern lifestyle’s that African American as well Women of all ethnicity partake. Change begins with acknowledgement and understandings. History of HIV/AIDS Over 33 million people around the world are infected with AIDS or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Of which over a million people are infected with AIDS in the United States. At first, AIDS in the United States was considered a white gay man’s disease. In fact, AIDS was once referred to as “The Gay Plague” (Shilts, 1987). However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported in 2005 that women now make up 26 percent of all new HIV/AIDS diagnoses. African American women are infected at even higher rates than Women of other racial and ethnic groups. In 2005, close to 127,000 women were living with HIV/AIDS. Black women made up 64 percent of those women living with HIV/AIDS. In 2004, HIV was the leading cause of death for black women aged 25-34...
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...Ciara S. Lawrence April 17, 2011 Research Paper (Draft) Professor Jeffries Introduction: HIV/AIDS is an epidemic that has become widely spread in the United States which has become a major public health issue around the world. There are around 1.2 million people living with HIV/AIDS and 400,000 new cases every year.[] In the U.S. today women make up more than 300,000 of the 1.2 million people with HIV/AIDS.[] Being that AIDS is the leading cause of death in black people throughout the U.S.. Black people make up 13 percent of the population, but 65 percent of new HIV/AIDS cases. Whereas black women are still dispportionate infected for more than sixty-six percent of HIV/AIDS cases in the country with a rate of infection fifteen times higher than white women and four times higher than Latinas. Considering the aforementioned, it is not difficult to conclude that most of the new cases pinpoint a major disparity between black women and women of other races. Cultural environmental and other factors that exacerbate the problem are high numbers of black men going to prison, the effects of the black church and the lack of government resources. In my research paper, I will identify the causes of HIV/AIDS and suggest solutions to prevent the spread of this disease among black woman. According to Mayo Clinic the definition of Human immunodeficiency virus is a virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in which the immune system in the body begins to fail causing...
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...Out of Control: AIDS in Black America Out of Control: AIDS in Black America is the first national network TV documentary that examined the major causes of the AIDS epidemic in the Black communities in the United States. In this 1-hour special documentary of ABC News, reporter Terry Moran interviewed many experts and politicians, including Phil Wilson, Dr. David Malebranche, Dr. Louis Sullivan, and Gwen Ifill. Through the research, Terry Moran presented five major reasons, i.e., ignorance, government failure, sexual behavior of Blacks, conservatism towards homosexuality and sex, and lack of leadership, which made AIDS out of control among the African-Americans (Arledge, 2006). The growing prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Black America is the serious health issues in the US which demands proper attention and effective measures to avoid it from escalating out of control in the future (Arledge, 2006). Often it is assumed that HIV/AIDS is prevalent in Africa and other third world countries. This misconception is so widespread that no one has ever thought that it would be so serious health issue in the United States itself, affecting economic and social stability. Before watching this documentary, I was also influenced by this stereotype and it was quite shocking for me to find out that over 52% of all HIV/AIDS cases in the US were involved African-Americans, which made up around 15% of the overall US population. AIDS is the major cause of mortality among Blacks. Also, African-Americans...
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