Sample manuscript for Journal of Applied Physicsa)

A. Author,1,2,b) B. Author,2,c,d) and C. Author3,d)

1Department, University, City, Postal code, Country
2Corporation or Laboratory, Street address, Postal code, City, Country
33Department, University, City, State (spell out full name), Zip code, USA

This is an abstract. It gives the reader an overview of the manuscript. Abstracts are required for all manuscripts. The Abstract should be self-contained (contain no footnotes or citations to references). It should be adequate as an index (giving all subjects, major and minor, about which new information is given), and as a summary (giving the conclusions and all results of general interest in the article). It should be approximately 250 words. The abstract should be written as one paragraph and should not contain displayed mathematical equations or tabular material. In this sample article we provide instructions on how to prepare and submit your paper to Journal of Applied Physics, a journal published by AIP Publishing LLC. The AIP Publishing staff appreciates your effort to follow our style when preparing your manuscript.

I. INTRODUCTION: THE MANUSCRIPT Please use this “sample manuscript” as a guide for preparing your article. This will ensure that your submission will be in the required format for Peer Review. Please read all of the following manuscript preparation instructions carefully and in their entirety. The manuscript must be in good scientific American English; this is the author's responsibility. All files will be submitted through our online electronic submission system at http://jap.peerx-press.org. A. Manuscript preparation
Articles can be prepared as either a Microsoft Word .doc/.docx file or a REVTeX/LaTeX file. The entire manuscript, should be set up for 21.6 × 28 cm (8-1/2 × 11 in. or A4) pages with 2.54 cm (1 in.) margins all the way around. The font and the point size will be reset according to the journal’s specs, but authors most commonly use the Times Roman font and point size 12. The manuscript begins with a title, names of all authors and their affiliations, and an abstract, followed by the body of the paper, tables and figures, if any, included, and the reference section. Consecutively number all tables (I, II, III, etc.) and figures (1, 2, 3, etc.), including those in an Appendix. Figures, with figure captions, may be embedded within the manuscript to assist the reviewers. Number all pages consecutively, beginning with 1.
_____________________________
a) This is an example of a footnote to the title if the paper was part of a conference: Contributed paper, published as part of the Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Physics, Anytown, State, May 2010. b) This is an example of a footnote to an author’s name: Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: author@somewhere.org.
c) This research was performed while B. Author was at Anywhere National Laboratory, City, State, Postal code, Country.
d) B. Author and C. Author contributed equally to this work.
B. Manuscript submission
All files will be submitted through the online system: http://jap.peerx-press.org/. Each version of the manuscript (the original and subsequent revisions) should be submitted with its own complete set of files: a cover letter (indicating the title, authors, and contact information), a complete article file, and separate figure files (see Sec. IX―FIGURES). When uploading a revised manuscript, also include a response/rebuttal letter (indicating the changes made to address the Editor’s and Reviewers’ comments).
II. MANUSCRIPT LENGTH
There are no length restrictions on Regular Articles. However, communications have a 3 page limit.
III. TITLE
The title of a paper should be as concise as possible but informative enough to facilitate information retrieval. Acronyms are not allowed in the title; they must be spelled out (exception to this rule is DNA). Chemical compounds are allowed in the title.
IV. AUTHORS’ NAMES AND ADDRESSES Authors’ names should preferably be written in a standard form for all publications to facilitate indexing and to avoid ambiguities. Include the names and postal addresses of all institutions, followed by city, state, zip code, and USA if in the United States or by postal code, city, and country if not in the U.S. Please provide the complete address for each author. See the byline of this sample article for examples.
Authors with Chinese, Japanese, or Korean names may choose to have their names published in their own language alongside the English versions of their names in the author list of their publications. For Chinese, authors may use either Simplified or Traditional characters. Chinese, Japanese, or Korean characters must be included within the author list of the manuscript when submitting or resubmitting. The manuscript must be prepared using Microsoft Word or using the CJK LaTeX package. Specific guidelines are given here.
V. FOOTNOTES
For footnotes to the title or authors, use a), b), c), etc..., as the respective indicators. The following list shows some examples:
a) Contributed paper, published as part of the Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Physics, Anytown, State, May, 2010. (This is a footnote to the title).
b) Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: author@somewhere.org.
c) This research was performed while C. Author was at Anywhere National Laboratory, City, State, Postal code, Country.
d) A. Author and C. Author contributed equally to this work.

As footnotes to the text at the bottom of the page are not permitted, they may be incorporated into the body of the paper or included in the either a numerical reference section or bibliographic numerical reference section.
VI. HEADINGS
Headings are not mandatory in regular articles but are preferred. Communication papers should not have headings. It is best to maintain a consistent heading style within the article. Numbered section headings are preferred in Journal of Applied Physics. Following is a list that shows the four different levels and style for each heading:
I. PRINCIPAL HEADING
A. First subheading 1. Second subheading a. Third subheading
VII. EQUATIONS
Equations should be punctuated and aligned to bring out their structure and should be numbered on the right. Mathematical operation signs indicating continuity of the expression should be placed at the left of the second and succeeding lines. Use (×) rather than a centered dot, except for scalar products of vectors. A solidus (/) instead of built-up fractions is preferred in running text and in display wherever clarity would not be jeopardized. Use “exp” for complicated exponents. Some examples follow: , (1)

(2)
, (3) . (4)
If use of Word 2007 is unavoidable, back-save from the “.docx” to the “.doc” format. However, please note that you must use MathType or the Microsoft® Equation Editor 3.0. Use of Microsoft® Math Editor is not recommended.
Equation numbering Equations are numbered consecutively through the entire paper as simply (1), (2), (3).... In appendixes, the numbering starts over as (A1), (A2), (A3). If there is more than one appendix, use (A1), (A2), etc. for equations in Appendix A; (B1), (B2), etc., for equations in Appendix B. When a numbered equation has more than one part and that (those) part(s) consecutively follow, then they are indicated as follows: (21) (22a) (22b) (22c)

If, however, they do not follow consecutively, primes are used:

(21) (22a) (22b) (21') (21'')

VIII. ACRONYMS AND NOTATION
Acronyms, except for the most common (such as 2D, rms, or ac) must be spelled out when they first appear both in the abstract and again in the text. Spell out machine names, except for those not considered acronyms (such as ITER or DIII-D). Try to avoid the excessive use of acronyms or specialized jargon.
Notation must be legible, clear, compact, and consistent with standard usage. Choose commonly used symbols from your discipline. All unusual symbols whose identity may not be obvious must be identified the first time they appear, and at all subsequent times when confusion might arise. Superscripts are normally set directly over subscripts; authors should note where readability or the meaning requires a special order.
IX. FIGURES Cite figures in text in numerical order of publication-ready illustrations. It is vital that you prepare your illustrations so that they are legible when reduced. Figures 1–6 show examples of various types of production-ready illustrations: color, line art, halftone, and combination (line art and halftone). Table I gives (a) general guidelines for preparing your illustrations and (b) guidelines for the preparation of electronic files.

FIG. 1. This figure will appear in color in print and online. Figures should be created at 300 dpi and submitted at 300 dpi for the best presentation. Choose CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) for any figure that will appear in color in the print version.

FIG. 2. This figure will appear in color only in the online version only, not in the printed version. Figures should be created at 300 dpi and submitted at 300 dpi for the best presentation. Choose RGB (red, green, blue) for any figure that will appear in color only online.

FIG. 3. This is a good example of information that was presented clearly. When this figure appeared in the printed journal it was in black and white print, but the reader was able to discern the “red” triangles, the closed “green” circles, and the open “black” circles. A description as well as the color is needed. If the caption had simply discussed “the red and green symbols,” the reader of the print version would not understand because he/she would be seeing the figure without the color.

FIG. 4. This is an example of line art. Figures should be created at 600 dpi and submitted at 600 dpi for the best presentation. Save line art as black/white bitmap, not grayscale.

.

FIG. 5. This is an example of a halftone. Figures should be created at 265 dpi and submitted at 265 dpi for the best presentation.

FIG. 6. This is an example of a combination figure (line art and halftone). Figures should be created at 600 dpi and submitted at 600 dpi for the best presentation.

TABLE I. This table provides instructions on how to prepare figures. (a) General guidelines for preparing illustrations | |  Number figures in the order in which they appear in the text. |  Label all figure parts with (a), (b), etc. Each figure file should contain all parts of the figure. For example, if Fig.1 contains three parts [(a), (b), and (c)], then all parts should be combined in a single file for Fig. 1. |  Avoid any large disparity in size of lettering and labels used within one illustration. |  Prepare illustrations in the final published size, not oversized. The maximum published width for a one-column illustration is 8.5 cm (3-3/8 in.). The maximum width for a two-column figure is 17 cm (7.0 in.). |  In cases where reduction is required, avoid small open symbols that tend to fill in and avoid small lettering; ensure that, in the final published illustration, there is a minimum of 8-point type size (2.8 mm high; 1/8 in. high) for lettering and 0.5-point width for lines. |  Ensure that lettering and lines are dark enough, and thick enough, to reproduce clearly. Remember that fine lines tend to disappear upon reduction. |  It is preferred that authors embed figures and captions in the manuscript file. Embed the figures in the approximate position and size you think is appropriate. In addition, separate figure files must be provided (see below for accepted file formats) along with the manuscript. | | (b) Guidelines for preparation of electronic graphics files | |  Acceptable formats for figures: Portable Document Files (PDF), Encapsulated PostScript Files (EPS), PostScript, or Tagged Image File (TIF), and JPEG (.jpg) Microsoft Word files are not acceptable. |  More detailed information is given about figure preparation on the website in the Preparing Graphics instructions. |  Settings: Set the graphic for 600 dpi resolution for line art, 265 dpi for halftones, and 600 dpi for combinations (line art + halftone). |  Save line art as black/white bitmap, not grayscale. |  Save halftones and combinations as grayscale, not black/white bitmap. |  Click the link to “Publication Charges & Open Access Fees” on the About tab for publication charge information. |  Submit color files at 300 dpi in one of the accepted file formats: PDF, EPS, PS, or TIF. No other type of color illustration is acceptable. When selecting a file mode, for print choose CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) and for color online choose RGB (red, green, blue). |  PDF files should be vector files. |  In the PDF illustration, resolution of any shaded or photographic images must be 600 pixels per inch (PPI). |  Within the PDF illustration, resolution of line art with no shading should be 1200 pixels per inch (PPI). |  All fonts must be embedded in the PDF. |  Select "High Quality Print" when creating a PDF through the application’s print command. |  If usable color graphics files are received in time for the production process, authors will see color versions of those illustrations when viewing their author proofs. (The Corresponding Author will receive e-mail notification from AIP Publishing when the proof, as a PDF file, is available for downloading.) |  The author is responsible for obtaining permissions to reuse previously published material. Full credit lines are needed for figures that are used with permission. An example of the recommended format for crediting material from a journal article is: “Reprinted with permission from [FULL CITATION]. Copyright [PUBLICATION YEAR], AIP Publishing.” Full citation format is as follows: Author names, journal title, Vol. #, Issue #, Page # (or CID#), Year of publication. For example, the credit line would appear as: “Reprinted with permission from J. Chem. Phys. 128, 024365 (2012). Copyright 2012 AIP Publishing. |

X. TABLES
Separate tables (numbered with Roman numerals in the order of their appearance in the text) should be used for all tabular material. Tables must be embedded in the article file, not uploaded like figure files. The structure should be clear. Use simple column headings and include units of measure. Table captions are positioned above the table and should be styled as “TABLE I. This is a table caption.” A caption should make its table intelligible without reference to the text. Capitalize the first word in the table headings and subheadings. References within tables are designated by lowercase Roman letter superscripts and given at the end of the table. Unaltered computer output and notation should be uploaded as supplemental files. See Table II for an example of correct table styling.

TABLE II. Bond distances for alkene molecules (atomic units). No. Ca | RI,I+1b | SRI,I+1c | RI−1,I+RI,I+1 | SRI−1,I+RI,I+1 | 2 | 2.5255 | … | … | … | 4 | 2.6175 | 0.123 | 5.306 | … | 6 | 2.6314 | 0.0999 | 5.3025 | 0.0112 | 8 | 2.6368 | 0.0876 | 5.3009 | 0.0111 | 10 | 2.6396 | 0.0795 | 5.2999 | 0.0106 | 14 | 2.6424 | 0.0689 | 5.2989 | 0.0096 | 18 | 2.6437 | 0.0623 | 5.2982 | 0.0088 | 22 | 2.6443 | 0.0573 | 5.2973 | 0.008 | 26 | 2.6448 | 0.0536 | 5.2968 | 0.0074 | aC is the number of carbon atoms. bRI,I+1 is the distance between two neighboring carbon atoms, while ‹RI,I+1› is the average of RI,I+1 for a given molecule. cSRI,I+1 is the standard deviation of RI,I+1 within the given molecule.

XI. MULTIMEDIA SUBMISSIONS Multimedia files can be included in the online version of published papers. All such files are peer reviewed. When published, these files can be viewed by clicking on a link from the figure caption, provided that the reader has a video player installed, such as Windows Media PlayerTM, Quick Time PlayerTM, or RealOne PlayerTM. Please click on Supporting Data in our Author Resource Center for specific submission requirements. Please note the following important information when preparing your manuscript: * When incorporating multimedia, note that the paper should be written so that the printed version can be understood on its own. * Submit all multimedia files initially with the manuscript. * Treat all multimedia files as figures, numbered in sequence as they are referred to in text. * For each multimedia file, provide a figure, which is a static representation of the multimedia file. Also provide an accompanying caption. At the end of the caption, include the phrase, "(multimedia view)."
Video and other enhanced files should be in a format that the majority of readers can view without too much difficulty. Please click on Supporting Data in our Author Resource Center for specific submission requirements.
XII. CONCLUSION: SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
Text material that may not be of interest to all readers, long data tables, multimedia, and computer programs may be deposited as supplementary materials. An article can have only one reference citing the supplemental material within the article. All citations of the supplemental material in the text must link to that reference. Information about depositing supplemental material may be found in Supporting Data in our Author Resource Center.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Typically, standard acknowledgments include financial support and technical assistance, and may include dedications, memorials, and awards. Check with the Editorial Office for suitability of an acknowledgment if there is any question. To indicate the author, use initials. For example, “B.A. wishes to thank A. Loudon for technical assistance. C.A. wishes to thank Anytown University for use of their equipment.”
Note: the Acknowledgment section is not a numbered section.
APPENDIX
Appendixes are placed after the acknowledgments section and before the listing of references. Appendixes must have a Level One heading as illustrated below and must include a descriptive title to follow the appendix heading. They do not follow the sequential heading numbering given in the rest of the paper. If there is only one appendix, then the heading is set as follows:
APPENDIX: DESCRIPTION
If there is more than one appendix, the headings are set as:

APPENDIX A: DESCRIPTION
APPENDIX B: DESCRIPTION

Subheadings in an Appendix are labeled 1, 2, etc. Remember that equations in appendices are numbered differently than those in the body of the text (see Sec. VIII).

REFERENCES
References may be styled as numerical, bibliographic, or numerical bibliographic. Duplicate references are not permitted.
Note that numerical references should be numbered consecutively in order of first appearance in the text and should be given in a separate double-spaced list at the end of the text material. A numerical reference may be cited within other references; however, it must also be cited at least once in the main body of the paper.
See Table III for acceptable reference formats.

TABLE III. This table provides instructions on how to prepare references. The author’s use of a reference style should be consistent throughout the paper. References to books and journal articles, listed at the end of the paper, should appear in one of these formats:(1) Numerical: By number, in the order of first appearance, giving the names of the authors, the journal name, volume, year, and first page number only, as in:53V. Bargmann, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 38, 961 (1952).This paper will be listed as the 53rd in the list of references and cited as 53.(2) Bibliographic: In alphabetical order according to the first author's last name, giving, in addition to the name, volume, year, and first and last page, also the title of the paper cited, as in:Bargmann, V., "On the number of bound states in a central field of force,"' Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 38, 961–966 (1952).Within the body of the paper, this reference will be cited as "Bargmann (1952)." If there are several articles by the same author(s) and the same year, they should be distinguished by letters, as in (1952a).(3) Numerical Bibliographic: Alphabetically listed references (with full titles and page ranges) may be numbered according to their alphabetical order and cited by their number. | | | | | | | | | 1Berger, A., "Instabilities and waves on a columnar vortex in a strongly stratified and rotating fluid,"' Phys. Fluids 25, 961–966 (2013). * Articles “submitted to” or “accepted for publication” (but not yet published) in a journal must include article title: When possible, these references should be updated in the galley proof.Samples of Numerical References: | | | | | | | | | Books: List authors and editors. Must include publisher, city and year of publication, and the page numbers (unless the entire book is being cited). | | | | | | | | | 2R. J. Hunter, Zeta Potential in Colloid Science (Academic, New York, 1981) p.120. | | | | | | | | | AIAA Papers: AIAA Papers: The usual format is: {Author’s names}, {Paper Title}, AIAA Pap. {usual formats are 99-1111 or 2004-2222}, {year -- corresponds to numbers on left side of paper number}.. | | | | | | | | | 3M.S. Narayan and A. Banaszuk, “Experimental study of a novel active separation control approach,” AIAA Paper No. 2003-0060, 2003. | Conference proceedings: Include the list of authors, the title of the proceedings, the city and year of the conference, the name of the publisher (cannot be a laboratory or institution), city and year of publication (or the words “to be published”), and the page numbers. Include the full list of editors, if they are given. | | | | | | | | | 4R. K. Ahrenkiel, in Gallium Arsenide and Related Compounds 1993: Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Gallium Arsenide and Related Compounds, Freiburg, Germany, 29 August–2 September 1993, edited by H. S. Rupprecht and G. Weimann (Institute of Physics, London, 1994), pp. 685–690. | | | | | | | | | Government publications: Format as for a book citation. Each must include the author(s), title of the publication, name of the publisher, city and year of publication, and page numbers (unless the entire publication is being cited). | | | | | | | | | 5D. Nunes, The Brillouin Effect (U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, 1992). | | | | | | | | | Journal citations: Include authors (see author rule above), volume number, beginning page number, and publication year: | | | | | | | | | 6J. D. Kiely and J. E. Houston, Phys. Rev. B 57, 12588 (1998). | | | | | | | | | Laboratory report: May only be used if first deposited with a national depository such as the National Technical Information Service. (Check with the NTIS librarian at 703-605-6000.) Materials or reports in electronic form—codes, data tables,etc.—may be uploaded as supplemental material files (see Sec. XIII). If the paper is on deposit with NTIS, use the following format: | | | | | | | | | 7See National Technical Information Service Document No. DE132450 L. (R. Newchuck, SESAME Tables, LANL Rep. 23453, 1983). Copies may be ordered from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161. MOLPRO: 8H.-J. Werner, P. J. Knowles, R. Lindh, F. R. Manby, M. Schütz, et al., Molpro, version 2006.1, a package of ab initio programs, 2006, see http://www.molpro.net | | | | | | | | | Multiple citations are acceptable: | | | | | | | | | 8D.-Y. Choi, S. Madden, A. Rode, R. Wang, and B. Luther-Davies, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 354, 3179 (2008); J. Appl. Phys. 104, 113305 (2008). | (same authors, different journals) | | | | | | | | | or | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 9J.Scaroni and T. Mckee, Solid State Technol. 40, 245 (1997); M. G. Lawrence, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 86, 225 (2005). | (two completely different references) | | | | | | | | | | | | | or | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 10Y. de Carlan, A. Alamo, M. H. Mathon, G. Geoffroy, and A. Castaing, J. Nucl. Mater. 283–287, 762 (2000); M. H. Mathon, Y. de Carlan, G. Geoffroy, X. Averty, A. Alamo, and C. H. de Novion, ibid. 312, 236 (2003). | (different authors, same journal) | | | | | | | | | | | Patents: Titles are allowed.47K. Inoue, U.S. patent 3,508,029 (22 March 1970).48 W. L. Tolin and A. M. Laud, U.S. patent pending (5 October 1996).49 J. R. Smith, U.S. patent application 037/123,456 (18 May 2010).Preprints and electronic postings: Preprints or eprints that have not been submitted to a journal for publication (i.e., are only posted on a preprint server) cannot be used as references. | | | | | | | | | Private communication: May not be one of the authors of the article. Must include the year in which the communication took place. | | | | | | | | | 11A. Einstein (private communication, 1954). | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Software manuals: If published, use the book format; if not published, give the entire address for the software maker. | | | | | | | | | Thesis/dissertation: Include the author, school, and year, but not the title. | | | | | | | | | 12S. L. Goldschmidt, Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Los Angeles, 1985. | | | | | | | | | Web sites: Due to their perishable nature, web sites are not generally acceptable as references unless the site is maintained as an archival site. It is permissible to include web sites as adjuncts to acceptable references. |