...Elements of Religious Traditions Crystal Bonner World Religious Traditions/REL 134 Professor Clark Frailey March 17, 2014 Elements of Religious Traditions This paper is going to highlight and take an in depth look into the world of religion. Topics such as the relationship with the divine, sacred time, sacred space and or the natural world and with each other will be discussed and scrutinized within this writing. Belief in the Supernatural or “Higher Power” Every religion; in some way, shape, or form believes in a supernatural being or higher power. Some consider this supernatural power to be formless; almost as if to say it cannot be seen. They may even have a sacred space or time for which the divine power exists or began. They believe that this unseen power influences every aspect of human life; from the way we raise our children to our morality in deciphering between what is right and wrong. Religious Traditions all Together Religious traditions are practices within religions that are passed down from generation to generation amongst others of any one religion. Different religious traditions such as the last supper (breaking bread and drinking wine in representation to Jesus’ flesh and blood) or Easter (the day that Jesus raised from the grave) all represent traditions that correlate with and complement each other to reinforce Christian beliefs (Bible Gateway, 2011). Issues in the Study of Religion There can be many issues that arise within the study...
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...The law and business go hand in hand. To run a business- without any or many problems- one has to know and understand the laws and where they came from and how they pertain to your organization. Common law was founded on common sense. But because many do not have common sense, case law and/or civil law has to take place. Let us try to figure out the common law tradition and the sources of the law . Common law tradition originated far from America. “The Common Law Tradition, in general terms, sometimes referred to as Anglo-American Law, is a body of customary law originating in the Common Law courts of Medieval England. The system is based upon judicial decisions which were then published in reports of decided cases”. And this is how the precedent for other cases is defined- all through this tradition of Common Law. First, to understand common law you must understand the law- why it is here and that it keeps changing- as the people needs and wants and technology keep changing. The concept of law is broad. Although it is difficult to state a precise definition, Black’s Law Dictionary states the definition of the law is-“that which must be obeyed and followed by citizens, subject to sanctions or legal consequences; a body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by controlling authority and having binding legal force”. Law, in its generic sense, is a body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by controlling authority, and having binding legal force. That which must be obeyed...
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...It is a topic I do briefly know about but a topic I've also wanted to expand my knowledge on. I also loved the topic as I found it quite ironic in the sense that everyone refers to the 1920's as the roaring twenties, a decade of partying and breaking way of traditions (with alcohol, sex, etc) yet in reality alcohol was banned from being manufactured, transported, imported, exported, and sold. The idea that the prohibition was used to lower crime rate yet the actual act shined light upon people like Al Capone is an idea that interests me. I want to explore "how 1920's alcohol prohibition backfired and...
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...trade-offs they are willing to make to achieve those goals. • The extent to which people agree on cause and effect; which actions will lead to the desired outcomes. When people have a shared understanding of cause and effect, they will usually agree about which processes to adopt. Four Types of Cooperation Tools These are the tools a manager can use to help implement change within the organization. It is vital to use the proper tools in the correct situation, otherwise there can be even more damage. The four types of tools are: • Power tools – ex. Force, coercion, threats • Management tools – ex. Training, operating systems, measurement systems • Leadership tools – ex. Role modeling, charisma • Culture tools – ex. Rituals, tradition, democracy Tools of Disaggregation A manager may choose to disaggregate, separate, the organization into units. This allows the manager at the new unit to build a different consensus among employees, while the prior culture continues to thrive in the existing unit. This works by eliminating the...
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...Christmas tree that is brought into the first scene by Nora. The third use of symbolism that Ibsen uses is the macaroons that are only introduced in the first scene. Finally, the Tarantella can be interpreted as one of the most symbolic parts of the whole play. The title of Henrik Ibsen’s play, “A Doll’s House,” is symbolic in itself. The doll in the play would be Nora. Nora is in a mindless role of a plaything that first belongs to her father and then to Torvald. Nora play’s her part in the life but secretly wants more and is constantly reminded of how little control over her own life she has. An example of this is that after 8 years of marriage and three children, Torvald Helmer wags his finger at Nora and asks “Hasn’t Miss Sweet-Tooth been breaking the rules in town today ?” (Ibsen, 1897, p.)_Torvald speaks to Nora as a parent would speak to child in a condescending tone throughout the play. The title “A Doll’s House” is an ironic metaphor for what could be considered as more of a prison than a home for Nora who is really not expected to ever make decisions for herself or think for herself. In the last act Nora says that if perhaps your doll is taken away from you, indicating that he might learn to treat her with respect if she left him. In public Nora is a doll and a plaything that is discounted for not having an original thought. If one considers the fact that she financed the trip to Italy to save her husband’s life with the loan she took then her jail becomes more unbearable...
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...‘The Watermelon Feed’, the title of chapter two in the book Friday Night Lights by H.G. Bissinger begins by taking place in the Odessa high school cafeteria. The beginning of the chapter starts on a Friday night in the preseason of the Permian High School Panthers football team. Each player takes part in a prayer as well as watching a video of past heroes of the team. The squad is introduced player by player giving the town a preview of who is playing this year. Bissinger infers that Boobie Miles, a young player, has high hopes and dreams but feels great pressure from the team and town to fill the shoes of the past all-star. The author explains that in a few weeks the beginning of the season will begin and the town will observe the team closely. Bissinger explains to the reader that being able to play for a team such as the Permian Panthers is an honor. He states that the boys on the team will endure intolerable pain to have the privilege of playing for the team and being able to wear the Permian Panther beautiful black jersey. The author presents the idea that winning is more important that personal pain or suffering. As such the author tells how boys will use pain pills and about anything they can get their hands on to persist through the game. In addition, the team is starting to feel the pressure and how important each season is to the town as well as the players. Bissinger explains how children are exposed to the atmosphere of football from a young age and encouraged...
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...tba. This course introduces students into three traditions of thought on the relationship between politics and the economy: both the economic constraints on politics and the political embeddedness of the economy. The conceptual frameworks studied include Neo-Marxist and Marx-inspired theories, historical institutionalism, and economic approaches to politics based on the assumptions of neo-classical economics. Students will be acquainted with these lines of thought by discussing important works by representative authors. Readings by Wallerstein, Cardoso and Faletto, Wright, and Mamalakis, represent world-sytem analysis, the dependencia thought, analytic Marxism, and sectoral theory. Historical institutionalism is discussed on the basis of the path-breaking work of Polanyi, and the comparative studies of Schoenfield, Katzenstein, and Gourevitch, who focus, respectively, on the changing balance of public and private power, variants of corporatism, and state autonomy in capitalist societies. Finally, Downs’ economic theory of democracy, the rival views of collective action by Olson, and Hirschman, and North’s work on the relationship between institutional change and economic performance introduce the economic approaches to politics. Requirements and grading Active participation in in-class discussions (20% of final grade) Four 2-3 pages long position papers on the readings over the term. Going beyond a mechanical summary the position papers should compare two or more of...
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...Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions US vs. India by Edward A. Molnar January 19, 2013 Abstract This article acknowledges the six dimensions of Hofstede’s theory of cultural dimensions, and defines five of them for a comparison between the United States and India. This article shows for the most part, the definitions of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions are correct, but the article did identify some ambiguities while making the comparisons. Finally, future areas of possible research were identified that would assist in the removal of the ambiguities. Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions US vs. India Geert Hofstede’s theory of cultural dimensions was a result of an analysis of a world-wide survey of employee values by IBM in the 1960’s and 1970’s. This theory describes the effects of a society’s culture on the values of that culture’s members and how those values relate to behavior. This is accomplished by using a structure resulting from factor analysis (Hofstede, 2011). This theory has been used as an example for several fields, particularly in cross-cultural psychology (Hofstede, 2011). Geert Hofstede’s original cultural dimensions theory had four dimensions from which cultural values could be analyzed. These four dimensions were: (a) individualism versus collectivism (IDV); (b) uncertainty avoidance (UAI); (c) power distance (PDI); (d) masculinity versus femininity (MAS). While Hofstede was performing research in Hong Kong he added the fifth dimension, long-term...
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...physical size, physical and mental capabilities, beliefs, culture, ethnicity, and skin color are all forms of diversity. Despite the shift in demography of today’s society, which reflects an increasingly culturally diverse population (Phillips and Malone, 2014), the majority of nurses in the workforce are white, middle-aged females (Mattson, 2009). Making the nursing workplace more heterogeneous, diverse and representative of the population (Phillips and Malone, 2014), helps to promote quality of care and decrease disparities in healthcare (Huston, 2014). Maier-Lorentz (2008) adds that diversity in the workplace fosters cultural competency, which is vital to the provision of holistic and optimal care to this diverse patient population. Summary of One Aspect of Diversity One aspect of Diversity in the workplace is Generational diversity. With the current aging nursing population averaging forty-years of age (Mason, Leavitt and Chaffee, 2014), the current nursing workforce is comprised of nurses from four different categorized generations that work together (Hendricks and Cope, 2013). The four generations (grouped according to their birth year) are the veterans, baby boomers, generation X, and the millennials; each has different values systems, work ethics, and expectations that affect their work environments (Kramer, 2010). The veteran...
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...Tales’ summaries The Wife of Bath’s Tale starts with a Prologue in which she gives an account of her colorful life with five husbands. The tale continues the main question of women’s desire for sovereignty over men. A young Knight rapes a maiden while she was returning home. As a punishment for his heinous act he has to discover within a year what women most desire. The Knight was searching in the whole country in search of the answer. At the end he promises to grant a wish to an ugly old hag in return for the right answer. When he has given the answer in court and secured his liberty, the old hug jumps up and demands that he marries her. The Knight begs her to reconsider and wish for something else but the old hag stubbornly refuses. The Knight marries her secretly. At night as they lay in bed, the Knight keeps on turning restlessly. The old hag asks him if he would prefer her ugly and faithful or beautiful and faithless. The Knight allows her to decide. The old woman is delighted to have won ‘sovereignty’ over her husband and rewards him by becoming faithful and beautiful all the time. The Knight’s Tale describes how two kinsmen Arcite and Palamon fall in love with the same woman named Emily, whom they first see out of their prison window. Emily is the niece of King Theseus. Arcite gains his freedom but is banished from Athens. He comes back masked since he cannot bear to live away from Emily. In the meanwhile Palamon breaks out of prison and coincidentally meets Arcite...
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...how it is created, embedded, developed, manipulated, managed, and changed. Culture defines leadership. Understand the culture to understand the organization. Defining Organizational Culture culture is customs and rights. good managers must work from a more anthropological model. Each org has its own way and an outsider brings his/her baggage as observer. Understand new environment and culture before change or observation can be made. 1. Observe behavior: language, customs, traditions 2. Groups norms: standards and values 3. Espoused values: published, publicly announced values. 4. Formal Philosophy: mission 5. Rules of the Game: rules to all in org 6. Climate: climate of group in interaction 7. Embedded skills: 8. Habits of thinking, acting, paradigms: Shared knowledge for socialization. 9. Shared meanings of the group 10. Metaphors or symbols: Culture: norms, values, behavior patterns, rituals, traditions. Culture implies structural stability and Patterning and integration. Culture is the accumulated shared learning from shared history. 2 problems all groups must deal with: 1. survival, growth, and adaptation in environment 2. internal integration that permits functioning and adapting. Culture Formally DefinedA pattern of shared basic assumptions...
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...British stereotypes How do different British stereotypes influence the way we see Britons? If you think of a stereotype, you instantly focus on what it describes. The images you create are then used to recognize both populations and countries, and the stereotype is used as a basic layer to gather information. So, the stereotypes often make the first impression of (for instance) a country. The knowledge is important as it also can give you the will to find out more about the country. This is both positive and negative, because the population is also exposed, which brings us to the question: How do different stereotypes influence the way we see Britons? The British stereotypes influence our vision upon the Britons, by giving us an idea of how they act or behave as human beings. However, some of the allegations are true, but the majority of stereotypes are created as a product of our own imagination. This is why we have to consider whether to believe in the stories or not, and also figure out where these stereotypes origin and why they were made. Stereotypes in general presents a population in a “typical” point of view, as the statements are based on what we know about their society, or what the rest of the world believes. A mental picture A stereotype is a mental picture of a population, where the population is stereotyped because of a common quality. In this context the mental picture doesn’t only affect us, the creators of the stereotypes, but also...
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...Steven Pou Professor Malloy American Civilization 2 Term Paper 4/21/15 The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society Arthur M. Schlesinger, whose original name is Arthur Bancroft Schlesinger was born on October 17th in Columbus, Ohio, and died February 28th, 2007, in New York. He had graduated from Harvard University in 1938, and in 1940, Schlesinger was appointed a three fellowship at Harvard. This is derived from the society of fellows at Harvard University which gave Schlesinger the opportunity in the early stages of his scholarly career to pursue studies in any department, free from any formal requirement. This opportunity was only given to individuals who display exceptional ability, originality, resourcefulness, and academic achievement of the highest caliber. Unfortunately for Arthur, this opportunity was interrupted once the United States had made its entry into World War 2. When he failed his physical military examination he was appointed to the Office of War Information department, in which he served as an intelligence analyst from 1943 to 1945. In 1952 and 1956 he became a presidential speech writer to democratic presidential nominee Adlai Stevenson the second. He had also served as an assistant and Court historian to President Kennedy from 1961 to 1963. He had also supported the presidential campaign for Kennedy which had ended when he was assassinated in Los Angeles. Arthur eventually returned to his teaching career in 1996 as a professor...
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... Executive Summary 3 History 4 Industry Trends 5 Industry Competition 6 Target Market 7 Marketing Strategies 8 SWOT Analysis 10 Conclusion 11 Executive Summary Problem: As a result of the declination of sales in the piano industry, Steinway and Sons needs to find a way to uphold its historical brand reputation while gaining market share world wide and using innovative technology; particularly in the Asian Market Background: In late 1994, Steinway and Sons was yet again a company on the market to be sold. For their own personal reasoning, the Birmingham brothers decided to sell the piano manufacturer. On April 18, 1995 Kyle Kirkland and Dana Messina, already controlling multiple firms, decided to make the purchase. The investment bankers purchased the New York piano manufacturer for an incredible $100 million. Discussion: The piano industry has been in rapid decline over the past 2 decades and in particular, Steinway and Sons has taken a hard financial hit. Global sales of the industry have dropped 40% over the past 24 years and with the introduction of major industry competitors, Steinway and Sons have continued to struggle. In addition to the negative impact of these industry trends, Steinway and Sons introduced a new product line to address customer demand. They produced a more mid-priced product line; the Boston Piano. This step, “breaking tradition,” was taken...
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...Executive Summary 3 History 4 Industry Trends 5 Industry Competition 6 Target Market 7 Marketing Strategies 8 SWOT Analysis 10 Conclusion 11 Executive Summary Problem: As a result of the declination of sales in the piano industry, Steinway and Sons needs to find a way to uphold its historical brand reputation while gaining market share world wide and using innovative technology; particularly in the Asian Market Background: In late 1994, Steinway and Sons was yet again a company on the market to be sold. For their own personal reasoning, the Birmingham brothers decided to sell the piano manufacturer. On April 18, 1995 Kyle Kirkland and Dana Messina, already controlling multiple firms, decided to make the purchase. The investment bankers purchased the New York piano manufacturer for an incredible $100 million. Discussion: The piano industry has been in rapid decline over the past 2 decades and in particular, Steinway and Sons has taken a hard financial hit. Global sales of the industry have dropped 40% over the past 24 years and with the introduction of major industry competitors, Steinway and Sons have continued to struggle. In addition to the negative impact of these industry trends, Steinway and Sons introduced a new product line to address customer demand. They produced a more mid-priced product line; the Boston Piano. This step, “breaking tradition,” was...
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