...Truss Bridge Project Research Paper Our class has been assigned a project about the history and structure of Truss Bridges.In order for us to become more familiar and have a better understanding about truss bridges, we had do to some research.While there is a lot of logical engineering that goes into building a truss bridge,our teacher has instructed us to research 2 types of engineering behind the building of truss bridges and answer a few questions about our bridge.The two types we were told to look up and learn about were geotechnical engineering and materials engineering,both of which none of us had ever heard of.As for the geotechnical engineering,we we were to research the environmental and geological factors that should be considered...
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...This year in middle school technology we learned how to build truss bridges. A truss bridge is a bridge in which the loads are supported by trusses. We learned what the strongest bridge shape would be. We also learned how tension and compression strength affected the amount of weight our bridge would hold. In order to build our truss bridges first we had to draw a blueprint of the top, bottom, and side view of the bridge. Next, we put a piece of wax paper over the paper. After that lied the balsa wood on the blueprint and used structure glue to put each side together. Once each side was put together we glued each of them together to form the truss bridge. Finally, we painted the truss bridge. Tension strength impacted the amount of weight...
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...Truss Bridge As said by Ed Grabianowski, “Although the general physics of bridge-building have been established for thousands of years, every bridge presents complicated factors that must be taken into consideration, such as the geology of the surrounding area, the amount of traffic, weather and construction materials.”. When building a bridge an engineer must consider all possible factors that may affect the bridge. Normal environmental factors such as changes temperature, precipitation, and winds must be taken under consideration. Along with environmental factors that are beyond normal weather conditions, factors such as sudden gusts of wind and earthquakes. Environmental factors also known as environmental loads are loads induced by external...
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...Pratt Truss Bridge Research Paper The Pratt Truss bridge was a very unique bridge. This particular truss bridge happens to have been an all wooden truss bridge when it was first built in 1844. This truss bridge has very unique features. This truss bridge is very popular and was yet the most important truss bridge because of it's amazing transformation. This bridge is up to hundreds of feet off the ground. The Pratt Truss Bridge was made was by Thomas and Caleb Pratt in 1844. It was a popular railway truss bridge because it had very long spans. It became popular for railway bridges because it was able to have long spans. The Pratt Truss Bridge Environmental factors have affected this specific tremendously. This Pratt truss bridge was all wooden until the Environmental area of this bridge weakened it. So, this bridge has to go from being all wooden to all copper to make. It's always windy and rains and that's what made the wood break down. Since the break down many workers improved it by changing it to all copper metal. The conditions were mainly natural disasters. The natural disasters included rainstorms and tornados. So therefore this bridge has been through a lot because of the change of all wood to all metal. The Pratt Pennsylvania Truss Bridge was made by Caleb and Thomas...
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...Analysis of Truss Structures Definition of a Truss A truss is a structure composed of slender members joined together at their end points. Planar trusses lie in a single plane. Typically, the joint connections are formed by bolting or welding the end members together to a common plate, called a gusset plate. Common Roof Trusses Common Types of Trusses Roof trusses - in general, the roof load is transmitted to the truss by a series of purlins. The roof truss along with its supporting columns is termed a bent. The space between bents is called a bay. Common Types of Trusses Pratt Truss – This truss was patented in 1844 by two Boston railway engineers; Caleb Pratt and his son Thomas Willis Pratt. The design uses vertical beams for compression and horizontal beams to respond to tension. Howe Truss - The relatively rare Howe truss,patented in 1840 by William Howe. It includes vertical members and diagonals that slope up towards the center, the opposite of the Pratt truss. Warren Truss - The Warren truss was patented in 1848 by its designers James Warren and Willoughby Theobald Monzani. This truss and consists of longitudinal members joined only by angled cross-members, forming alternately inverted equilateral triangle-shaped spaces along its length, ensuring that no individual strut, beam, or tie is subject to bending or torsional straining forces, but only to tension or compression. Bridge trusses - the load is transmitted by the deck to a series of stringers...
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...In architecture and structural engineering, a truss is a structure comprising one or more triangular units constructed with straight members whose ends are connected at joints referred to as nodes. External forces and reactions to those forces are considered to act only at the nodes and result in forces in the members which are either tensile or compressive forces. Moments (torques) are explicitly excluded because, and only because, all the joints in a truss are treated as revolutes. Planar truss Planar roof trusses The roof trusses of the basilica di Santa Croce (Florence) The simplest form of a truss is one single triangle. This type of truss is seen in a framed roof consisting of rafters and a ceiling joist, and in other mechanical structures such as bicycles and aircraft. Because of the stability of this shape and the methods of analysis used to calculate the forces within it, a truss composed entirely of triangles is known as a simple truss. The traditional diamond-shape bicycle frame, which utilizes two conjoined triangles, is an example of a simple truss. A planar truss lies in a single plane. Planar trusses are typically used in parallel to form roofs and bridges. The depth of a truss, or the height between the upper and lower chords, is what makes it an efficient structural form. A solid girder or beam of equal strength would have substantial weight and material cost as compared to a truss. For a given span, a deeper truss will require less material...
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...|Spaghetti Bridge | Abstract For this assignment our task was to build as a group a spaghetti bridge with the objective of carrying the most weight as possible using only spaghetti and hot glue, meeting the specifications. The bridges will be loaded until they fall. After testing to destruction, the bridges loading capacity was 14.4kg, with an initial mas of 0.840kg. This gave a weight to strength ratio of 17.1 putting the group at 4th/8th position in class. From this it was learned the bridge held 14.4kg which is 140N therefore one Truss held 70N. These calculations helped us understand how our bridge coped with the forces and helped us answer the question of what caused our bridge to fail and where our bridge failed? Contents Abstract ii Introduction 1 Background 2 Analysis 3 Design 5 Methodology 5 Calculations 6 Newton’s laws: 6 Forces on the bridge 6 Stability: 6 Truss analysis 6 Structural stability of Final Bridge: 7 Testing: 7 Simulation: 7 Results: 8 Bridge failure analysis: 8 Spaghetti beams: 8 Conclusion 9 Limitations 10 Recommendations 11 List of References 12 Appendix 14 Spaghetti Bridge Activity Report 14 Group productivity and progress 18 Further Calculations 19 Introduction For this assignment the aim is to research and construct a spaghetti bridge in a group consisting of six members with the objective...
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...designs for roof trusses and the best design for any building will depend on: * The stresses the building roof is likely to experience. This could be snow loads, wind, Santa Claus, etc. * The aesthetic preferences of the homeowner. What shape do you want your roof to have? * The size of open areas within the building. * The type of extreme weather conditions prevalent in the area where the home or building is being built. For example, here in the 4 Corners area, Dolores needs trusses that can withstand more snow than Cortez… Rico more than Dolores… and Telluride more than Rico. Why Roof Trusses? Trusses are used in a variety of applications where a lightweight, yet strong, structure is required. Trusses are used extensively in bridges, buildings (particularly roofing and flooring), radio and television towers, and space-based constructions. Many home builders order prefabricated roof trusses from a manufacturer and have them delivered to a building site because building roof trusses is labor intensive and prefabricated roof trusses save time, materials, and money. 5 Advantages to using Roof Trusses: 1. Carpenters with less experience can set trusses, lowering labor costs. 2. Fewer interior load bearing walls are needed due to the trusses’ longer free span. 3. Shorter lengths of stock 2×4 are used to build trusses, reducing material prices. 4. Structural engineers design and certify...
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...Hello, today I will be talking about different types of bridges! There are 6 general types of bridges and we will talk about all of the types of bridges there are. Now, we believe that there are five main types of bridges to begin with. These types are beam, truss, arch, cantilever, and suspension. First, we will talk about beam bridges. Now, beam bridges are very basic bridge constructions that have pieces on each end of the bridge. These types of frequently use leg supports to distribute the load equally throughout the whole bridge. Different types of beam bridges are girder bridges and box girder bridges. Beam bridges work a lot like a log overlapping two sides of a ravine. Famous beam bridge, the 7 Mile Bridge in the Florida keys. Next,...
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...Boomilever Project Team “Truss Me” Amanda Resha Ridge Coffman ENGR 2110-01 Engineering Statics November 24, 2014 Table of Contents 3 – Report 3 – Introduction 3 – Literary Review 3 – Frist Design 4 – Second Design 4 – Final Design 5 – Conclusion 6 – References 7 – Appendix Introduction: The purpose of the Boomilever Project is to build a cantilevered truss that is light-weight while still able to support 15 kilograms. With this project it serves to reinforce the cumulative concepts that have been taught throughout this semester of Engineering Statics. It has been necessary to research designs, types of wood, and types of adhesive that will create a final result that is consistent with the desired result. Literature Review: The design concept behind a cantilever truss consists of a series of triangles joined together. The strength of these individual triangles, when combined, creates a very strong final result. Triangles are a very important part of many types of construction as they are the “only geometric figure that cannot be pulled or pushed out of shape without actually changing the length of one of its sides” (Bridges - Trusses, n.d.). As well as the advantage of the added strength, truss also do this without much additional weight. These concepts combined allow for trusses to be a very efficient way of adding strength. A cantilevered beam is what of which is supported on one end (usually a fixed support) and end is left...
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...Declaration This is to declare that alika jeremiah has undergone his student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) program at KIN-ROYAL NIG. LTD; Ojo local government in Lagos state. _________________________________ ____/____/____ STUDENT DATE _________________________________ ____/____/____ INSTITUTION’S SUPERVISOR DATE _________________________________ ____/____/____ SIWES CO-ORDINATOR DATE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to first and foremost express my sincere thanks and gratitude to God for the grace, wisdom and endurance he granted me throughout this program. I thank my parents, Mr. & Mrs. Paul Alika who has been there to support and direct me in every aspect of my life. Also to my brothers and sister who encouraged me especially in times of difficulty. Forgetting not the owner and managing director of the company, KIN-ROYL NIG. LTD, in the person of Mr. KizitoNzulumike, and the manager in the person of Mr. Vincent Nweke for their contributions in one way or the other in trying to see to my well being and knowledge acquisition in the whole program. Also to all staff and workers of KIN-ROYAL NIG.LTD, for their warm and embracing support and hospitality. May the almighty God reward you all. To my friends, classmates and IT colleagues, I appreciate you all for the support and relationship you aided me with. I cannot forget you. Finally, to my industrial attachment supervisor, Mr. Vincent Nweke, and my institution supervisor Dr...
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...government as well as ODOT provided funding for this project. On December 19, 2014 Kokosing submitted their first finalized plan set for the demolition of the exit ramp onto Hopple Street over Interstate 75. Kokosing submitted the plans to ODOT to keep for their records. ODOT approved both the first and second finalized plan set. Both Bret Murray and Burgess Decker signed off on the two finalized plan sets. The first plan set that Kokosing submitted outlined a typical demolition procedure. The plans called for removing the concrete deck by cutting the concrete slab with a saw. The concrete slabs were to be cut longitudinally in 6 feet widths so that they could be transported by loaders. However two days before they started demolishing the bridge a new demolition plan was developed and required a different set of equipment that would chew through the concrete instead of cutting through it. The chewed pieces of concrete would be dropped below where they would be collected later. This new plan would decrease the weight of the equipment and the concrete haul weight by 25,000 pounds. The steel beams along with the diaphragm members were to be left intact until it was time to remove the steel girders. The steel girders, which are represented in the image below, were to be removed first from the center span (middle beam) followed by removing the steel girders on the east and west. Kokosing’s plans did not specify the sequence and direction of removal of the concrete deck. When they were...
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...I must cross the Horace Wilkinson Bridge. One day while crossing the Horace Wilkinson Bridge, I was trapped in 5 o’clock traffic; the bridge was jammed packed with vehicles that were jammed packed with people. I couldn’t help but wonder would this bridge possibly collapse from all the weight it was holding so I decided to turn on the radio to ease my mind. As if a strange act of fate, a song entitled Bridge Over Troubled Waters by Aretha Franklin came on and I took it as a sign to research bridge design and the differences of bridges. In our society, we no longer recognize the importance of bridges, so for my project I decided to stretch the stress of bridges by testing the strength of different variations of bridges. There are multiple reasons why I feel that our society doesn’t cherish bridges as much as we should, such as the fact that I have personally witnessed people littering on the bridge as if it as nothing important to modern society which is exactly the opposite of the truth of the matter. Bridges serve a great cause in our society and are modern marvels that I metaphorically refer to as the key to a modern Pangaea based on the way they are connecting our world, even if bridges are not connecting continents, and who knows, maybe that could be a possibility one day. Bridges are structures that serve the purpose of helping provide a way to maneuver over an obstacle, which can be anything from a stream to a river or a road. Bridges have been a key part of the world’s...
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...Structural Analysis III Chapter 3 – Characteristics of Structures Chapter 3 - Characteristics of Structures 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 2 3.1.1 Background .................................................................................................... 2 3.2 Basic Statical Determinacy ................................................................................. 5 3.2.1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 5 3.2.2 Plane Beams and Frames ............................................................................... 6 3.2.3 Plane Trusses ............................................................................................... 15 3.3 Stability ............................................................................................................... 20 3.3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................. 20 3.3.2 Exceptions to Basic Rule ............................................................................. 21 3.3.3 Examples...................................................................................................... 23 3.4 Further Statical Determinacy .......................................................................... 25 3.4.1 Internal and External Determinacy ...........................................
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...Principles of EngineeringCynthia Tuggle Thomas | Lecture Outline & Assignments | Essential Questions: | Recommended Time | Lesson 1.1: Mechanisms * Course Objectives, Classroom Policy, Engineering Journals & portfolios * Engineering Notebook.ppt. * Careers in Engineering and Engineering Technology.ppt. * Professional Interview and Professional Interview Rubric.Simple Machine – Lever, Wheel and Axle, and Pulley.ppt. * Lesson 1.1 Key Terms Crossword Fischertechnik Platform: * Activity 1.1.1 Simple Machine Investigation (FT). * Simple Machines – Inclined Plane, Wedge, and Screw.ppt. * Activity 1.1.2 Simple Machines Practice Problems * Understanding Thread Notes * Gears, Pulley Drives, and Sprockets.ppt. | 1. Why is it important to begin considering career paths during high school?2. What career opportunities are available to match your specific interests?3. What are some current applications of simple machines, gears, pulleys, and sprockets?4. What are some strategies that can be used to make everyday mechanisms more efficient?5. What are the trade-offs of mechanical advantage related to design?6. Why must efficiency be calculated and understood during the design process? | | Lesson 1.2: Energy Sources * Energy Sources.ppt. * Activity 1.2.1 Energy Sources * Activity 1.2.2 Energy Distribution i * Lesson 1.2 Key Terms Crossword * Introduction to Electricity.ppt. * Breadboarding and Electronics...
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