...Broken Window Concept Gerardo de Lago Abstract Modern policing have taken various forms as police chiefs looks for better ways to protect their communities, within all the available policing theories we analyzed the Broken-window concept. This policing process was defined on the 1980’s and applied to city areas where abandoned areas and disorder where obvious and led to crime controlled areas and the corresponding citizens fear to walk their own community streets at night. The theory compares the abandoned areas as parks, bus stops and empty building with an empty house where a first window is broken and if not promptly fixed other windows will be broken and very soon the house will be vandalized, doors broken open and interiors painted with graffiti. When community rules are not clear and follow by all members, a small portion will take advantage and create fear on the citizens. The basic assumption is that unattended behavior will lead to breakdown of community control. Broken Window Concept Broken-window concept is part of several different concepts developed to find a applicable strategy to overcome crime on communities, this concept is based on the hypothetic idea of an abandoned building in which someone just broke a window, the theory states that if that initially vandalized window is not promptly fixed another one will be broken and very soon the whole building will be attacked. During this paper we will discuss the basis of this theory and why the broken-window...
Words: 986 - Pages: 4
...the work of others has been used, it is properly acknowledged and referenced. Andrew Kennedy Student number:20057880 Andrew Kennedy Student number:20057880 Table of Contents Introduction 2 Executive summary 3 Organisation profile 4 Management profile 5 Macro analysis 6 Micro Analysis 7 Management theory 8 Conclusions 9 References 10 Introduction I am doing my project on Microsoft. I decided that I would go my project on them because I am a big fan of them and I have brought a lot of their products over the years. The research that I will be doing for this project will consist of secondary research. Secondary research is research through the internet and it can also consist of reading an academic article or reading a newspaper article the main aims for this project is the find out as much information on the company as possible. Executive summary This project I will go through the organisation profile of Microsoft and the 7 different areas that it is broken up into. I will be also doing a management profile on Bill Gates founder and former CAO of Microsoft. I will talk about what he did a t Microsoft and what made him a great leader. I will also do a micro and macro analysis of Microsoft. Then I will talk about what management theory practices they use and how they implement them The finally I will do my conclusion to this project and give the...
Words: 1561 - Pages: 7
...Assignment 1: Crime Theories Professor George CIS 170 Information Technology in Criminology May 5, 2014 Control theory can be as major theories of crime developed by Hirschi, Reckless, Gottfredson, Hagan, etc. According to them, everyone desires to commit crimes. Instead of asking why people commit crimes, the well-known question they ask is ‘why people do not commit crimes?' There, the lack of control is the main reason of encouraging people to commit crimes. This can be done not only because of the lack of social bonds and laws, but also because of the lack of self-control. "Exposure to control also might differ by social location and the historical period, such as the changing level and control given to males and females." (Cullen and Agnew, 2002) Crime can be known, as an act done in violation of those duties, which are individual, owes to the community, and for the breach of which the law has provided with a punishment. Anyhow, though the criminal law of the country had not recognized some behaviors as crimes, some behaviors extremely harm the peaceful continuance of the society. Thus, "today, however, despite popular belief is to the contrary, the proportion of criminal law in regard to the totality of the legal system has shrunk dramatically." (Weeramantry, 2009) Because of that, Digital crime, which can be considered as such a crime was recognized and included as a separate crime. With the development of information and communication technology, in twenty first...
Words: 982 - Pages: 4
...Another study identified several other factors that take a financial burden on the health care system, including property damage, increased security, litigation, and workers’ compensation (Gates, Gillespie, & Succop, 2011). The workplace environment itself has been shown to affect feelings of safety among nursing staff in EDs . Howerton Child & Sussman (2017) incorporated a criminological theory into their study. In summary, the Broken Windows Theory states that when lower levels of crime or violence are accepted in society, it inadvertently creates a societal tolerance of higher levels of violence. As stated in the Joint Position Statement by the CNA and CFNU, “every workplace should have a culture that promotes and cultivates a respectful...
Words: 320 - Pages: 2
...inspects his ranch on the morning of November 14, 1959. That same morning, on the other side of Kansas, Perry Smith meets up with Dick Hickock. While the Clutters go about their daily business, running errands and baking cherry pies, Hickock and Smith are tuning their car. After a long drive, they pull up to the Clutter home with a shotgun and knife in hand. That morning, the bodies are discovered by Susan Kidwell and another of Nancy's friends. Initially, the police are baffled. Bobby Rupp is a suspect until he passes a lie detector test. Alvin Dewey, the KBI agent in charge of the investigation, thinks that the killer must be someone close to the family. Rumor sets the small town of Holcomb on fire. Hartman's Cafe is the center of numerous theories. Meanwhile, Perry and Dick have returned to Dick's hometown of Olathe. Dick passes some hot checks, and the two flee to Mexico. Perry has always dreamed of finding sunken treasure in Mexico. While the investigation in Kansas begins to methodically follow up dead end leads, Perry and Dick spend some time entertaining a rich German tourist before they run out of money in Mexico City. While packing to return to the states, Perry goes through his personal belongings and remembers his childhood. His mother and father rode the rodeo circuit until they had a falling out. Perry was passed from home to home as a child. Now, two of his three siblings have killed themselves. The investigation of the Clutter murders seems to be heading nowhere. However...
Words: 1317 - Pages: 6
...A Weekly Reflection Name Class November 4, 2014 Professor Weekly Reflection Due to the depth in American law, the law has been broken down into various categories based on classifications related to specific legal functions. It is essential that individuals and businesses alike understand the differences of law in order to develop legal insight, apply legal theories, and recognize the significance and opportunities that stem from having legal awareness. With this in mind our reflection will briefly discuss the differences between several categories of law, provide examples of each law, discuss what U.S. Constitution amendments were implemented to protect the rights of businesses, and conclude with topics that were comfortable, difficult, and topics that relate to our current fields. Categories of Law Substantive law provides individuals with rights and creates certain duties such as, civil rights, responsibilities in civil law, and crimes and punishments. Procedural law on the other hand sets the rules for pursuing substantive rights and provides the structure that is needed. Criminal law is in place to protect society by penalizing violators with either imprisonment or fines. Civil law is designed to compensate individuals and businesses for damages as a result of another person's conduct. Although Common law has not been passed by legislature, it is solely based on previous cases with similar facts and fundamentals. Statutory law on the...
Words: 845 - Pages: 4
...attempting to control criminal behavior through arrests and citations. What is the judicial branch of the criminal justice system? The judicial branch is responsible for overseeing the local, state, and federal court systems. It explains the meaning of the Constitution and laws passed by the legislative branch and enforced by the executive branch. Now the Supreme Court is ahead of the judicial branch because it is the highest court of the land. Criminal justice is defined as the "system of practices and institutions of governments directed at upholding social control, deterring and mitigating crime, and sanctioning those who violate laws with criminal penalties and rehabilitation efforts." To accomplish these tasks, the criminal justice system is broken down into three main branches: law enforcement, adjudication and corrections. The law enforcement sector of the criminal justice system includes the police force that investigates crimes or the possibilities of wrong doing, and makes arrests. They are tasked with keeping the peace, maintaining social order and enforcing criminal laws. While they are not allowed to break the law themselves, they are allowed to employ various coercive and forceful tactics to accomplish their jobs. After a suspect has been arrested, they will more than likely face the next branch of criminal justice. The second branch of the criminal justice system is the adjudication branch, or the courts system. Courts in the United States are used primarily to settle disputes...
Words: 1402 - Pages: 6
...------------------------------------------------- TENSILE TESTING OF MATERIALS Lecturer: Dr. Fadi Ghaith Submitted by___________________________________________ Sminoy Mohandas - 101668769 CONTENTS 1. Summary........................................................................................................3 2. Introduction ..................................................................................................3 3. Applications * Aerospace Industry ...............................................................................4 * Automotive Industry .............................................................................4 4. Theory ...........................................................................................................5 5. Experimental Method....................................................................................6 6. Results ...........................................................................................................6 7. Conclusion…...................................................................................................9 8. References ....................................................................................................9 Summary: Tensile testing is one of the simplest and most widely used mechanical tests. By measuring the force required to elongate a specimen to breaking point, material properties can be determined that will allow designers and quality...
Words: 1861 - Pages: 8
...Introduction. The polemical debate in understanding why crime occurred in society had invited a cornucopia of theoretical ideas based on ideology, pragmatism, and concomitant paradigmatic shifts. This debate, sometimes vitriolic and vexatious in equal measure, had resonated across the centuries mostly via philosophical thought. In the last two hundred years, however, the debate had become increasingly interwoven and complicated by newly-developed and derivative theories (sometimes polar or diametrically opposed) through the complex entanglement of modern societal development and socio-political thought. Insodoing, unpacking and defining the etiology of crime has proved to be a noteworthy adversary. This essay would seek to examine this unfolding drama of etiological proportions by addressing one of these key modern-day ideological polarities: right realism and left realism. It would critically discuss the relational polarity between these two theories by first examining and then comparing their respective etiologies. Second, it would examine and critique the interplay between ideology and British crime policy. Left Realism (LR): Etiology. “Left realism was explicitly, although not exclusively, concerned with the origins, nature, and impact of crime in the working class” (Lilly, Cullen, & Ball, 2007: p.191). It was a radical criminology and a very British development (Newburn, 2007). It was ‘Left’ as crime was envisaged as endemic owing to the class and patriarchical...
Words: 5201 - Pages: 21
...Course Schedule Course Modules Review and Practice Exam Preparation Resources Introduction to Personal & Corporate Taxation [TX1] Course description and purpose Personal & Corporate Taxation [TX1] is the first of two courses in taxation in the CGA program of professional studies. It is a level four course that focuses on topics that aim to ensure you achieve a good understanding of the general principles and concepts of the Canadian Income Tax Act (ITA), as encountered by most individuals and corporations help you develop professional skills in the application of ITA principles and concepts to solve tax problems of individuals and corporations introduce you to the basic principles of income tax planning and international taxation, and introduce you to tax preparation software to aid in tax planning and in the preparation of individual T1 income tax and benefit returns. TX1 is designed to assist you in developing professional competence and skills to determine a taxpayer’s taxation requirements, exposure, and liability evaluate tax implications of proposed and completed transactions ensure compliance with all taxation reporting and filing requirements, and analyze and advise on tax planning issues. The CGA Program of Professional Studies is designed to help you develop the competencies that are essential to a professional accountant. For information on the competencies developed and strengthened specifically in TX1 and how they relate to the course topics, see the TX1 examination...
Words: 2652 - Pages: 11
...2013/14 Project Proposal The Implementation of a SAP Financial Management System Leanne Harper Contents Page 1. Business case for proposed change 2. Figures Fig 1. Revision table 1. Revision History Revision Table (Fig 1) Revision Date | Summary of Changes | Reasons | Changes Accepted | 13th December 2013 | First Revision – Adding a pilot software installation | Pilot scheme would enable staff to use Voyager before sign off. This will eliminate potential project risks. | 16th December 2013 by Howard Trotter (Director) | | | | | 2. Business Case for the proposed change Shelforce is a sheltered employment facility that sits within the Development directorate of Birmingham City Council. The purpose of the business is to manufacture pvc-u windows and doors whilst providing employment opportunities to disabled people. The 3 critical success factors of Shelforce are; * To provide employment opportunities to some of Birmingham’s most vulnerable, disabled people in a sheltered environment geared towards up skilling them for mainstream employment * To manufacture quality pvc-u windows and doors which meet the requirements of customers and focus on this as their unique selling point rather than the disabled workforce element * To promote social inclusion for people with disabilities with working with employers and educating those in order to remove the stigma attached https://www.shelforce.co.uk/sustainability.html ...
Words: 2142 - Pages: 9
...it monopolized the market for operating systems of personal computers and took anti-competitive actions to illegally maintain its monopoly; (ii) that it attempted to monopolize the market for Internet browsers because such browsers would create competition for operating systems; (iii) that it bundled its browser (Internet Explorer) with Windows; and that it engaged in a number of other anti-competitive exclusionary arrangements with computer manufacturers, Internet service providers, and content providers attempting to thwart the distribution of Netscape’s browser. The District Court Judge found in most points for the plaintiffs and ordered the breakup of Microsoft into two companies, one with all the operating systems software, and one with all other products of the company. The District Court also imposed a number of severe restrictions on the business conduct of Microsoft. We analyze the economic issues related to liability. We also analyze the applicability and effectiveness of the remedies imposed by the District Court and contrast them with other potential remedies. * Forthcoming in Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade: From Theory to Policy (August 2001). I thank Gwill Allen, Gary Becker, Tim Brennan, Steve Davis, David Evans, Frank Fisher, Rick Flyer, Eleanor Fox, Ron Gilson, Vic Goldberg, Eddie Lazear, Roy Radner, Rick Rule, Dick Schmalensee, and participants at presentations at Canadian Bureau of Competition, Columbia University, the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia...
Words: 17051 - Pages: 69
...Book Review: The TIPPING POINT HOW LITTLE THINGS CAN MAKE A BIG DIFFERENCE ByMalcolm Gladwell Table of Contents Introduction and Summary…………………………………………………………………… Page 2 Objectives of Study…………………………………………………………………………….Page 2 Method of Study…...………………………………………………………………………….. Page 2 Chapter wise summary and Critical Analyses……...…...…………………………………….. Page 3 Theoretical Framework………...……………………………………………………………… Page 6 Relating Theories to Practical Aspects……………………….……….………………………. Page 7 Learning and Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….... Page 9 “The tipping point is that magic moment when an idea, trend, or social behavior crosses a threshold, tips, and spreads like wildfire. Just as a single sick person can start an epidemic of the flu, so too can a small but precisely targeted push cause a fashion trend, the popularity of a new product, or a drop in the crime rate.” -Malcolm Gladwell Introduction and Summary Malcolm Gladwell’s book The Tipping Pointis a compilation of compelling ideas and innovative thoughts in a field of study which so far had been considered mysterious and unquantifiable.The book challenges this premise and provides its readers with insights through real life examples and case studies which indicate how societies and individuals in a society can be influenced in order to tip ad existing trend and establish a new one. He decries the process with three key rules- the Law of the Few, the Stickiness Factor, and the Power of Context, with...
Words: 5270 - Pages: 22
...NORTHWEST SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY Graduate School and Training Academy Calbayog City Course: Master of Science in Information Technology Subject: Client Server Computing Professor: Mr. Donald M. Patimo, MPM Student: Riva A. Gatongay CASE STUDIES IN THIN CLIENT ACCEPTANCE The challenge facing the acceptance of Thin Clients is a combination of architectural design and integration strategy rather than a purely technical issue, and a careful selection of services to be offered over Thin Clients is essential to their acceptance. I. INTRUDUCTION It is generally accepted that in 1993 Tim Negris coined the phrase “Thin Client” in response to Larry Ellison’s request to differentiate the server centric model of Oracle from the desktop centric model prevalent at the time. Since then the technology has evolved from a concept to a reality with the introduction of a variety of hardware devices, network protocols and server centric virtualized environments. The Thin Client model offers users the ability to access centralized resources using full graphical desktops from remotely located, low cost, stateless devices. While there is sufficient literature in support of Thin Clients and their deployment, the strategies employed are not often well documented. To demonstrate the critical importance of how Thin Clients perform in relation to user acceptance this paper presents a series of case studies highlighting key points to be addressed in order to...
Words: 8990 - Pages: 36
...PSY111- Foundations of Psychology for Health and Human Services Exercise 1- Memory Question 1- Summary: (253 words) Grant, H. M., Lane, B.C., Clay, J., Ferrie, J., Groves, J.E., McDorman, T. A., Dark, V.J. (1998). Context-dependent memory for meaningful material: information for students. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 12, 617-623. This study tested whether the environmental context dependency effect is seen through test performances where matched and mismatched study and test noise conditions were used. Throughout the study, the researcher used the same text to test the difference context dependency has on short answer (recall) and multiple choices (recognition). Using previous research that has shown that characteristics of environment are encoded in the memory, and can be used to retrieve other information; the researchers changed whether or not there was general background noise in controlled study and test conditions and measured the results based on performance in the test. Overall, studying and testing in the same environment resulted in better performance than in mismatching studying environments. This study also found that, unlike in Smith (1986, as cited in Grant 1998), the context dependency effect for newly learned material is seen regardless of whether short answer or multiple choice is tested. As well as this, the study found that in contrast to Smith’s theory, situations involving higher cognitive processing would still associate with context dependency....
Words: 3291 - Pages: 14
