...These specimens are then welded with a root gap distance 1 mm. Based on the literature review, it was found that welding current, gas flow rate and filler material affects the mechanical properties of welded joint. Hence, it is decided to perform experiments by varying the welding current, gas flow rate and filler materials. The levels of different parameters are given in the table 2.4 below. The prepared specimens are welded successfully at given process parameters. Total 18 specimens are prepared and then tensile testing performed on universal testing...
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...Analysis of Tensile Strength of Standard Metal Specimen CE 121 Structural Engineering I Professor. Tzavelis 09/18/2013 Sasha Vera – Theory, Revision of the report Mary M. Mazur – Discussion and Conclusions Jae Ho Jang – Objective, Experiment, Lab assist Quinee J. Quintana – Drawings of equipment Jae Sung Song – Data, Results, Calculations Table of Contents Section Page I. Objective 2 II. Experiment 3 III. Theory 4 IV. Results 6 V. Sample Calculations 10 VI. Discussion and Conclusions 11 VII. Reference 13 Appendices Appendix A. Drawings of Equipment 14 Appendix B. Experimental Data 16 Appendix C. Picture of the failure 17 List of Tables Table 1. Dimensions of the Specimen Table 2. Stress and Strain Table 3. Theoretical Strain Table 4. Offset Strain Table 5. Tensile Properties Table 6. Experimental Data List of Figures Figure 1. Plot of Experimental and Theoretical Data Figure 2. Graph for Elastic Region Figure 3. 0.1% and 0.5% Offset Intersection Figure 4. 0.1% and 0.5% Offset Intersection at 100psi Interval Scale Figure 5. Failure of the Specimen I. Objective The objective of the experiment was to test a sample specimen for various physical properties such as yield stress and ultimate tensile stress. The sample specimen was mounted on the Tinius Olsen Tension and Compression Machine with 120,000lbs capacity located in the Structural Analysis Lab (room LL210). Then the specimen was subjected to a tensile load until...
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...distribution and tensile property of the joints. Fine grain refinement observed in the nugget zone of AA1100 and AA6082 layers. Three different speeds parameters used are 1200, 1400 and 1600 rpm among these 1600 rpm provides good tensile...
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...pretty spectacular feats, but to accomplish this the engines have to produce tremendous amounts of stress and heat. To put it in perspective it is not uncommon for an aircraft engine to produce 30,000 lbs.’ of thrust with temperatures at the exhaust ports exceeding 2000° F. To hold these engines and power plants together we depend upon various types of fasteners which leads to the question how do these small bits of hardware survive under the extreme amount of heat and stress that an engine produces? In our course we learned that there are 4 methods of controlling safety with the hierarchy being engineering, administrative, PPE and interim fixes. Engine fasteners have their safety controls engineered into them and validated with extensive testing. This is because if an engine fastener fails it can easily produce a catastrophic failure that can result in loss of life, limb and valuable property. Because engineering controls are the best way to make engine fasteners safely they are controlled by engineering specifications. Most high strength, high heat fasteners fall under manufacture specifications or SAE International...
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...experiment: Tensile Properties of Aluminum using Lloyds Testing Machine The author`s name: Jr., E. Russell Johnston , Ferdinand P. Beer The date of the experiment: 15/11/2012 Lab Group – 3 Report by: 1-Turky Abdullah AL-Bussairi 2-Yasser Habib AL-Mutairi 3-Abdulrahamn Sa`ad AL-Huaifi 4-Abdulrahman hemdy AL-Harbi Abstract: We determined the elastic modulus, yield strength, tensile strength, modulus of toughens, elongation, reduction of area, as well as true stress and strain at rupture point for one specimen, aluminum,. We accomplished this by placing our specimen at a time into a universal testing machine (UTM), which, under computer control, slowly increased the tension force on each specimen, stretching each until failure. Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to extract data on the material properties one specimen (aluminum), using a mechanically driven universal testing machine (UTM). The material properties include the following: the elastic modulus, 0.2% offset yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of resilience, as well as true strain and true stress at the point of rupture. Theory: Certain materials (those that are linear, homogeneous, elastic, and isotropic) can be described by their material properties. These properties include the modulus of elasticity, modulus of toughness, modulus of resilience, ultimate tensile strength...
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...Tension Test [pic] (Fractured Copper Specimen) By: Christl Burns Mechanics of Materials Sec. 4 Lab Preformed on: 2/9/12 Introduction The tensile test was preformed on the following commonly used materials; 836 Cold Rolled Steel, T351-2024 Aluminum, 110 Copper, Grey Cast Iron, and HDPE Plastic. The first objective was to examine the stress-strain curves in order to calculate and identify the significant mechanical properties of these materials. The curves are also used to give a better understanding of what these mechanical properties mean. The second objective was to compare the mechanical properties and physical appearance of these materials. In order to get the stress-strain curves, each specimen was placed in the tensile testing apparatus. The load frame slowly stretches the specimen until it breaks. The extensometer, was placed directly on the specimen and was hooked up to a computer program that collected all of the data, which was used to make the stress-strain curves. Procedure First a punch was used to mark off a two inch section on each specimen. This section was marked off so that it could be used as a reference in finding the elongation of the specimen.Then, using a caliper, the diameter of each was measured and recorded. Now the mechanist calipers were set up in increments of 0.05 inches starting at 2.05 inches. Next the specimen was loaded into the tensile testing apparatus, the extensometer was put onto the specimen, and the data-acquisition program...
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...Abstract Our Senior Design project was based on the design and manufacturing of a devise capable of testing the physical properties of the main housing of an AR-15 modern sporting rifle. The main housing of an AR-15, as well as any other firearm, is known as the lower receiver; the lower receiver houses the springs, hammer, trigger and magazine. As a third party, we were commissioned by Lively Machine to test the physical properties of these lower receivers that the shop was producing. The purpose of the design of this devise was to test the tensile properties of the components upper receiver attachment pin holes. We also performed a compression test on another critical component of the lower receiver, the magazine well. The newest design in the firearm industry calls for lower receivers to be made from magnesium, as opposed to the old models of aluminum. We will display the data we received from the tensile and compression testing of the magnesium component, and then compare it to a theoretical testing of the currently used 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy. The Modern Sporting Rifle There are many widespread misconceptions about the modern day sporting rifle also known as the AR-15. The most popular misconception is that the AR-15 sporting rifles are military grade weapons, this is a false accusation. Cosmetically the AR-15 sporting rifle is nearly identical to its’ military counterpart the M16, the functionality of the sporting series is much different. A military grade M16 is...
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...student paper, and some names have changed from the original abstract. I’m Electrical Engineering student and the topic is the simulation of pull and shear tests for ball bonds by finite element methods. 2. Here we see a Au ball bond, and models that we have created in AYSYS at the university to simulate it. The bond ball shown is fully bonded to a pad Al film, which is bonded to other films in the bond pad stack of a 4-level metal IC. We use 3D modeling with about 250-thousand nodes. The lower picture shows a simulated shear tool of W material. Pull test is simulated by applying a force to the top, and shear test is by applying a horizontal force to the W. Purposes for this project are listed here. We are using 3D FEM to simulate the stresses experienced by the ball bond during pull and shear testing. We want to examine the stress locations and magnitudes, and see what a bond might experience as we change the wire material, pull angle, bond pad metallization, pad Al thickness, and circuitry under pad. 3. The Bond Pull Strength test typically follows a Mil standard, 883G method 2011. 25-micron Au wire is considered reliable if the bond does not pull off below 3 gram-Force, or about 30milli-Newtons. The pull angle for the bond on the IC can actually vary in practice. 4. The Bond Shear test follows a JEDEC standard in JESD22, method B116A . In this test, the tool pushes on the bond from the side until it breaks off the IC. Some illustrations of shear...
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...Lab 1: Tension Test Andrew Thiher 2/17/2012 Introduction: In this lab, we tested the material properties of 836 cold rolled steel, T351-2024 aluminum, 110 copper, grey cast iron, and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) by subjecting each material to a tensile force until it fractured. Using data gathered, we graphed the stress-strain graph and determined specific properties for each material. These properties included whether the specimen was ductile or brittle, yield stress, and tensile strength. For equations used, see appendix 2. Experimental Apparatus: Each material was prepared for the experiment by marking the initial length as two inches by means of a gage punch and hammer. Additionally, calipers were used to measure the initial diameter. The sample was then screwed into the tensile testing machine and an extensometer was attached to measure elongation and collect data. The extensometer remained attached until the material reached its proportional limit, at this point it was removed, and the remaining data was collected using machinist scales prepared in .05 inch increments. Each time the gauge length reached the preset machinist scale increment, the live load from the computer was recorded. This process was repeated until the specimen fractured. Once the specimen fractured, the final gauge length and smallest diameter in the necking region were recorded. Calculations: [pic] |Property |Cold Steel |110...
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...mechanical characteristics of concrete through the use of reinforcement plant fibres has provoked in recent years a special interest for this new construction material, especially in those areas where plant fibres can easily be found and consequently have a low price like Kenya. In this study, the influences of addition of euphorbia fibres on properties of fresh and hardened concrete were carefully investigated. It was found out addition of these fibres in concrete significantly improved the tensile strength and the flexural strength of the composite. The test results also revealed that the compressive strength of the concrete was slightly improved. It was illustrated that plain concrete possesses a very low tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking. Conversely, the concrete with short randomly spread euphorbia fibres in it was found to have relatively high tensile strength, high ductility and more resistant to cracking. Finally, the results presented suggest that Euphorbia fibres can be used in concrete reinforcement Keyword: Euphorbia fibres, reinforcements, concrete, cracking, compressive strength, tensile strength 1.0 INTRODUCTION Concrete has been proved to be an important construction material for more than a century all over the world. However, concrete is relatively brittle, and its tensile strength is typically only about one tenth of its compressive strength (Brown et al, 2002). Regular concrete is therefore normally reinforced with steel...
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...Strengthening Concrete with Keratin Fibers from Chicken Feathers Austin Allen Kennesaw Mountain High School Table of Contents Research Problem 3 Chapter II: Literature Review 4 Keratin Fibers 4 Concrete 4 Compressive Strength 5 Tensile Strength 5 Chicken Feathers 5 Structure 6 Glossary 6 Chapter III: Methodology 6 Analysis Plan 7 Validity 7 Assumptions 7 Scope and Limitations 8 Chapter IV: Analysis 8 Chapter V: Conclusions and Recommendations 9 References 10 Strengthening Concrete with Keratin Fibers from Chicken Feathers Chicken feathers are primarily used for making feather meal for farm animals; however, chicken feathers are also used in the production of plastics, fishing flies, biodegradable pots and plastics, bio-diesel fuel, hurricane-resistant roofing, and the stuffing in pillows (Fan, 2008). Applying these uses of chicken feathers to concrete could increase the strength and life of the structure built; for example, an office building could potentially last years longer if the concrete used to construct it (contained more strength) to hold up the structure. Furthermore, the wear and tear of the strength of the building would be approximately the same; however, the capacity to support the structure would be greater due to an increased initial strength (Fan, 2008). Worrell, Price, Martin, Hendricks, and Meida (2001) reported that approximately five percent of the global carbon dioxide emissions come from the pouring of Portland...
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...P7 perform and record the results of one destructive test and one non-destructive test using metal and one non-metallic material. The two tests that we conducted were a non-destructive tap test on a piece of an aircraft floor panel, and a destructive tensile test on a tensiometer. The non-destructive test is designed to identify internal or external structural damage of a composite. The material we are testing is an aircraft floor panel that is made of two sheets of glass or carbon fibre reinforced epoxy with a honeycomb centre. The non-destructive tap test we conducted was on an aircraft floor panel that is made of glass or carbon fibre reinforced epoxy skins with a Nomex honeycomb core about 1cm thick which is a composite. The panel we tested was about 1 meter by 0.5 of a meter. The resonating tap/sound test for internal damages is where we took a tap test hammer and gently let the hammer fall from about 1” above...
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... Introduction Bamboo, one of the strongest natural structural composite materials, has many distinguishing features. It has been found that its reinforcement unit, hollow, multilayered and spirally-wound bast fiber, plays an extremely important role in its mechanical behavior. In recent years, the development of biocomposites from biodegradable polymers and natural fibers have attracted great interests in the composite science, because they could allow complete degradation in soil or by composting process and do not emit any toxic or noxious components. For the past several years, public attention has gone to natural fibers as a resource due to their fast growth. Bamboo is an abundant natural resource in Asia and South America, because it takes only several months to grow up. It has been traditionally used to construct various living facilities and tools. The high strength with respect to its weight is derived from fibers longitudinally aligned in its body. Therefore, bamboo fibers are often called ‘natural glass fiber’. To practically apply the benefit of bamboo fibers, it is necessary to develop a process to fabricate bamboo composites as well as to extract qualitatively controlled fibers from bamboo trees. However, it is difficult to extract bamboo fibers having its superior mechanical properties. The bamboo fiber is often brittle compared with other natural fibers, because the fibers are covered with lignin. Objectives 1. The biodegradable and environmental friendly...
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...to determine the tensile strength of certain polymers. Abstract This lab report was constructed from the results of testing the tensile strength of various polymers. These tests were done to determine the material properties, such as modulus of elasticity and the ultimate strength. The polymers that were tested were an acrylic and a nylon sample. Each specimen was placed in a tensile test machine and placed under load until failure. This is an important test because polymers are very lightweight and strong materials and it allows uses for them to be discovered by knowing their tensile strength. After the testing the data showed that the acrylic sample had a higher ultimate strength than the nylon sample. Table of Contents Title | Page No. | Introduction | 3 | Experimental Apparatus and Procedure | 4 | Results | 8 | Discussion | 10 | Conclusion | 10 | References | 10 | Homework | 11 | List of Nomenclature -Engineering Stress -Engineering Strain -Modulus of Elasticity -Ultimate Strength List of Figures and Tables Title | Page No. | Figure 1—Specimen Load Sample | 4 | Figure 2—Instron Machine | 4 | Figure 3—Nylon Stress Strain Curve | 5 | Figure 4—Acrylic Stress Strain Curve | 5 | Figure 5—Stress Strain Curve of Different Materials | 8 | Table 1—Acrylic Measurements | 4 | Table 2—Nylon Measurements | 4 | Table 3—Acrylic Properties | 6 | Table 4—Nylon Properties | 6 | Introduction There are many materials which are used in...
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...metal, followed by its Solidification. * In order to provide high level of mechanical properties of the composite, good interfacial * bonding (wetting) between the dispersed phase and the liquid matrix should be obtained. * Wetting improvement may be achieved by coating the dispersed phase particles (fibers). Proper * coating not only reduces interfacial energy, but also prevents chemical interaction between the * dispersed phase and the matrix. * The simplest and the most cost effective method of liquid state fabrication is Stir Casting. * 26 * Stir Casting * Stir Casting is a liquid state method of composite materials fabrication, in which a dispersed * phase (ceramic particles, short fibers) is mixed with a molten matrix metal by means of * mechanical stirring. * The liquid composite material is then cast by conventional casting methods and may also be * processed by conventional Metal forming technologies. * Stir Casting is characterized by the following features: * Content of dispersed phase is limited (usually not more than 30 vol. %). * Distribution of dispersed phase throughout the matrix is not perfectly homogeneous: * 1. There are local clouds (clusters) of the dispersed particles (fibers); * 2. There may be gravity segregation of the dispersed phase due to a difference in * the densities of the dispersed and matrix phase. * The technology is relatively simple and low cost. *...
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