...Process of Budgetary Policy Dilan Tharaka Senevirathne Process of Budgetary Policy The national budget is the most important statement that any government has to make. Far from being a mere compilation of income and expenditure, it is the blueprint for a nation’s socioeconomic policies for each financial year. It defines in concrete terms the direction of national policy, the plan of action and the cost implications of government programmers and projects. This process mainly involves five stages. Those five stages are, 1) Agenda setting. 2) Policy Formulation. 3) Policy Adoption. 4) Policy Implementation. 5) Policy Evaluation. Agenda Setting Under this, public attention focuses on a public problem or issue. Then the issue will get the attention of relevant authorities. The main issues raised by people during this few years were mainly Poverty, Unavailability of electricity and clean water, quality roads. Irrigation system for lands in the dry zone, better schools, hospital facilities, housing, sanitation and environmental preservation. In order to address these issues the government needs a policy which is directed towards giving proper solutions. Under this phase the government realized the areas that need attention and according to that they formulate the policy. For an example if lack of proper education in remote areas was raised as a problem...
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...responsibility to local engineers and his inability to work with the regulator is the major problem with Fred. Hence this situation can be better dealt by Eric personally supervising Fred and assigning him task with a limited dead line to each task. * Global expansion: The second major issue with Eric is the issue of the rising global presence of the company, as the company could not solve the expatriate issue. Hence company is facing a hard time when it’s needed to be established and to be made as a global company. As the main part of the strategy is dependent upon repatriation policy, where the growing numbers of repatriates are not meaning fully responding the debriefing and career counseling sessions. Hence this repatriation issue is affecting the long-term strategy development of the companies expatriate issue. * Solution of Global expansion: The repatriation issue is affecting the policy makers for the fast expanding company and to train its employee and must be handled with greater care where the solution to this could be in which each repatriate can be given a daily questionnaire that when the employee is at the assignment can fill it up further could...
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...the intended goals. These goals or factors can range from: finances, public relations, policy development, personnel recruitment or overall strategic planning in light of student performance. This strategic plan will focus on the financial aspects of an organizations plan. Establishing and implementing effective financial policies are fundamental in an educational organizations success. One essential component of a strategic plan is the establishment of financial policies and procedures. Financial policies are the rules that govern the financial decisions making process of an organization. Educational organizations adopt these policies and follow them to guide them when making financial decisions. Upon adoption of the organizations financial policies, the organizations financial decisions making process is simplified, because the institutions governing body has already developed the financial policies needed to make important decisions. Many times financial policies result from "past experiences." These experiences can range from the financial climate change within the organization to financial change within the state. Also factors such as funding from federal, state, local, and private parties can drastically impact the establishment of financial policy for organization. Educational organizations should adopt financial policies for a number of reasons. Why adopt financial policies? Adopting...
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...Abstract The essay attempts to report the influence of private sector in the development and implementation of public policy. When governments try to associate with the private sector n order to deliver public benefits it raises several questions. The reason private sector is driven by profit it is considered to be more efficient than the public sector. But over the period of time, public private partnerships have proved not to be value delivering for the public in the end. Private sector firms and especially the big four accountancy organizations that act as financial advisors of the government tend to influence the government in their favour. This leads to the question of private interests taking over policies of the government. Introduction During their article on Public Private Partnership, Shaoul, J., A.Stafford and P.Stapleton (2007) have taken example of four big advisory firms in UK that mostly work with the government and tried to claim that these Public Private Partnerships (PPP’s) are not value delivering for public because eventually private interests take over public policy. They have argued that these firms play a critical role in the development of policy and then its application in different sectors and at the same time getting paid as external advisors and consultants. Examples have been cited to explain how “the government’s financial advisors structured deals in roads, hospitals and schools to make them attractive to the public sector in ways that served...
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...possible statement of the services which are to be delivered and the investments to be undertaken through the application of the funds appropriated by Parliament and, equally importantly, the results which are expected to be achieved in terms of the achievement of goals of public sector activity and the benefits expected to accrue to different population groups from the activities of the Federal Government. The publication of the Green Book marks a major step forward in enhancing the transparency of the federal budget.” The Preface highlights the innovative features of the Green Book in the following words: (a) The Green Book uses the 3-year framework for budgetary planning which lies at the heart of the MTBF reforms. Under this process ministries make their plans and prepare budgetary estimates for a rolling 3-year budgetary horizon. (b) The centerpiece of the Green Book is the breakdown of each ministry or division’s budget by “Outputs”. Outputs represent major lines of service delivery of each ministry. [This makes] it easier for Parliament and other stakeholders to assess whether the public is achieving value for money through the federal budget. (c) [W]hile for accounting purposes, the government budget is divided between the recurrent budget and the...
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...THE UNIVERSITY OF DODOMA SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION MBA-EXECUTIVE PROGRAMME 2009/2010 RESEARCH PROPOSAL By KIBIKI YUSTIN, L.M TITLE: MANAGEMENT OF CAPITATION GRANTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF TANZANIA: A CASE OF KIGOMA DISTRICT COUNCIL PROPOSED SUPERVISOR: DR MBOGORO DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS –UDOM 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Problem Sound Economic Governance is essential for the achievement of the desired reduction in poverty levels and improvements in economic growth in Tanzania. Good Public Financial Management (PFM) is important for efficient, effective and equitable utilization of scarce national resources (REF). Whilst the extent to which policy makers are held accountable to their constituents is an excellent indicator of good governance. Accountability and transparency go hand in hand in developing open and participatory decision-making processes. In 2005, the government of Tanzania reviewed the financial management practices and processes at the central government level. In 2006, the focus has shifted to local government, which now accounts for an increasing proportion of expenditures and is primarily responsible for service delivery in sectors such as primary education and primary health (URT, 2004). This kind of study is therefore wanting to provide a snapshot of how the resource allocation, resource management and control, resource utilization and accountability processes take place...
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...Faculty Research Working Papers Series Industrial Policy for the Twenty-First Century Dani Rodrik November 2004 RWP04-047 The views expressed in the KSG Faculty Research Working Paper Series are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the John F. Kennedy School of Government or Harvard University. Copyright belongs to the author(s). Papers may be downloaded for personal use only. INDUSTRIAL POLICY FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY* Dani Rodrik Harvard University John F. Kennedy School of Government 79 Kennedy Street Cambridge, MA 02138 (617) 495-9454 Fax: (617) 496-5747 E-mail: dani_rodrik@harvard.edu http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/rodrik/ This version September 2004 * This paper has been prepared for UNIDO. I am grateful to Francisco Sercovich for his guidance. I am also grateful to Robert Lawrence, Lant Pritchett, Andres Rodriguez-Clare, Andres Velasco, and especially Ricardo Hausmann and Roberto Unger for conversations over the last few years that led to the development of these ideas. None of these individuals should be held responsible for the views expressed here. I also thank Magali Junowicz for expert research assistance. I. Introduction Once upon a time, economists believed the developing world was full of market failures, and the only way in which poor countries could escape from their poverty traps was through forceful government interventions. Then there came a time when economists started to believe government failure was by far the...
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...PRIORITIES IN E-GOVERNANCE RESEARCH PAPER SUBMITTED BY Lokesh Sharma Ankita Prasad Contents Abstract 4 Introduction 4 Research Objective 8 Literature Review 9 Research Approach 10 Impact Assessment of various projects 11 Union Government MMPs 11 MCA21 11 Online Passport Services: 12 Online Income Tax 13 Pension 14 Banking 15 E-office 15 Central Excise 16 U.I.D 17 Insurance 17 State Government MMPs 18 Land Records 18 Road Transport 18 Agriculture 19 Police 19 Treasuries 19 Municipality 20 Commercial Taxes 21 Gram Panchayats 21 Employment Exchange 21 Integrated MMP 22 CSC 22 e-Courts 22 e-Trade 22 India Portal 23 National Service Delivery Gateway 23 e-Biz 23 e-Procurement 23 Prioritizing with respect to parameters 24 Conclusion 25 References 26 Abstract e-Governance is the form of interaction between government and citizens ,businesses and other arms of government using information technology .These technology can help government is fulfilling various needs like improved interaction between business and industries ,better delivery of services to citizens ,improved interactions with business and industry ,better...
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...Process of Budget Policy Shiram Sam Economics of Public policy (ECN4010) ANC/EDP 2014 DEFINING THE NATIONAL BUDGET The budget is the most important economic policy tool of the national government. Far from being a mere compilation of income and expenditure, it is the blueprint for a nation's socio economic policies for each fiscal year. The national budget is thus the fundamental indicator of what government proposes to do and what objectives it pursues. It presents the government's financial plans for an upcoming period and is a comprehensive statement of the priorities of the nation. Which sectors of the economy will be expected to pay for said activities; how government will respond to economic disturbances in the short term; and who will be the direct and indirect beneficiaries of public services? The budget is about people and should respond to their needs. It is a way of determining how the Government seeks to fulfill goals for the welfare of people as set out in a country's Constitution/Bill of Rights, in international instruments and standards (e.g. MDGs), and in government policy statements. THE FUNCTIONS OF THE BUDGET The National Budget allocates resources, distributes wealth and income, and stabilizes the economy. The economic stabilisation function of the budget should be balanced against the need to ensure that there are adequate resources (including from external sources) to guarantee the delivery and development of essential services especially...
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...Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning National Development Planning Directorate Public Investment Technical Team Unit Capacity Building to Support the Rwanda Public Investment Program Investment Appraisal Training Manual for Government Staff Prepared by Sulaiman Kyambadde P.O. Box 1851 Kigali, Rwanda Tel: +250 255114413 (office) October 2011 The purpose of this Training Manual is to help PITT implement the use of international best practices of Investment Appraisal techniques in its programming of public sector investments. It describes how public sector investments should be assessed at conception or programming stage. The modules introduce the basic concepts behind the appraisal techniques and their applicability in the Rwandan context. It describes the DCF methodology, the shadow pricing methodology and performance measures and decision criteria, together with financial and economic analysis techniques. By their very nature, public projects involve benefits and costs to society over a number of years into the future, unfortunately, market prices and investment outcomes cannot be predicted with certainty. The manual also introduces qualitative analysis concepts of investments. Author Mr. Sulaiman Kyambadde, is an economist, and a business and development consultant working with PPM Consulting Limited. PPM Consulting is a local management and development consulting firm with headquarters in Kigali, the nation’s capital. In addition, officials from the Ministry...
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...Objectives of the report 3 III. CSR Model 3 a. the selected Model: 3 b. Reasoning: 4 c. the model: 5 IV. Justification 5 a) Justification by the product life cycle and Carroll's CSR model : 5 b) Justification by increasing company's value: 6 c) Justification by the income statement: 6 d) Justification by forestalling legislation: 6 e) Justification through increasing loyalty of the employees: 7 f) Justification through increasing productivity: 7 V. Problems to be addressed 7 a) HRM issues to be targeted while formulating policy for managers: 7 b) HRM issues to be targeted while formulating policy for non managerial employees: 8 VI. Human Resource Management Policy 8 VII. Policy for the Managers 9 a) Policies regarding workplace environment and safety: 9 b) Policies regarding Hiring: 10 c) Policies regarding promotion: 11 d) Policies To Reduce Presenteeism: 11 VIII. Policy for the Non-Managerial Employees 12...
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...Surprise Ending for A Modest Proposal John J Bradley IV Professor Nancy Pettigrew Humanities 112: World Cultures II November 5th, 2012 A Modest Proposal by Jonathan shift is a literary work of the 18th century that takes a symbolic aim at the greed of England’s renting policies and a plan to reduce the burdens, in this case children, caused by it. According to Sayre (2011) Swift composes with his tongue lodged in his cheek, quite possible, as never before. You can detect this in his work from the outrageous suggestions intended to lift the burden of children in poverty-stricken Ireland and alternatively to reap benefits from them. It is earlier stated that the proposal would be geared toward Irish families that could not afford to provide for their children, thus the slaughter of their children to cater the English would be the possible solution. The ‘Surprise Ending” in this proposal would be the revelation of Swift’s true proposition, the consideration of the poor and rebuttal of policy makers with realistic ideals to correct this ever so abundant problem. According to Lynch (n.d.) Swift preferred living in England, although he was Irish, which causes him to begrudge the policies toward his own people. With that being said, it becomes clear that the proposal will indeed have a surprise ending when swift speaks of his American acquaintance discoursing the subject, offering refinement. Although prior Knowledge obtained from Native Salmanaazor of Formosa Island offered...
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory JoinSearchBrowseSaved Papers Home Page » Business and Management Memo to Manager In: Business and Management Memo to Manager Memo Date: March 22, 2010 To: Andre Adams, Program Coordinator of the TerpZone * From: * Adedoyin Ogunbajo, Tournament Coordinator, the TerpZone Subject: Proposal to implement a sign-up fee for all video game tournaments. Purpose The purpose of this proposal is to request your approval to evaluate the current video game tournament sign-up process and ultimately institute an entrance fee for all tournaments starting next semester. Summary When the TerpZone started running the video game tournament series, I personally did not know what to expect, as I was in charge of coming up with a schedule of games, implementing the schedule into the TerpZone calendar, coming up with various ideas to market the various tounrmanents, and actually hosting and running the tournaments. But as the results have shown, the TerpZone video game tournament series has been a huge success, and the attendance numbers have steadily increased as more students become aware of the possibilities that our tournaments offer. However, as this number has continued to increase and I have continued to implement different new strategies and additions to the tournaments, there still lies the problem of what measure of compensation the students...
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...analyst can fall into. They mention that there are three major categories: 1) Cultural and personal bias; 2) Organizational bias; & 3) Cognitive heuristics bias. Such biases can taint the analysts opinions based on their type of biases. (George & Bruce. 2008, 127-130) Cultural and personal bias may allow the perception of the intelligence to be tainted by personal beliefs and pre-conceptions that the analyst has developed over his lifetime. This type of bias also may be influenced by personal experiences, morals, customs, habits, and social environments. Organizational bias is “generally associated with the limitations and weaknesses of large bureaucratic organizations”. This type of bias is the result of actual or perceived goals, policies, and traditions of an organization. Bruce also says that the differences are even more extreme when “classified information” is involved. Cognitive heuristics bias is the inability to properly perceive or understand the world around them. This type of bias makes the analysts vulnerable to optical illusions, magician’s tricks, political and military deception just to name a few. This bias may cause the analyst to believe that there is more going on than was actually is happening or as Bruce says “too much from too...
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...Salix Pharmaceuticals Security Policy Introduction The Salix Pharmaceuticals Security Policy Template is for the use of creating a strong security policy. Each sub policy contains a title with a description and a brief summary of what the certain section will contain. The purpose of the security policies is to ensure that Salix Pharmaceuticals is safe and under strong commands. The Salix Pharmaceutical Security Policy should be reviewed when new materials and changes are to be preceded amongst this company. Scope Salix Pharmaceuticals security policy will keep the company running for years if followed by the procedures. Following the sub policies will lead to a successful company that will be ran smooth and processed like no other company. Antivirus, encryption, passwords, and backups will protect this company like no other before. Purpose Salix purpose for the security template is to have the company, employees, managers, assistant manager, and volunteer’s, and temporary follow all these policies to make the company operate under a easy and fast pace. By making this policy the company should be protected from several things and kept up to date on every policy. Employees should obey this policy and read over every so often in case changes and updates are needed to be added. Acceptable Use Workers must report any signs of violation and a misunderstanding of the policies. Workers are not allowed to access any information they do not have the authority to look...
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