...GS204 Human Behaviour in Business Organization Midterm Examination 1. The basic approaches in the study of organizational behaviour and its limitations. Organizational behaviour study has developed over the years to address the growing, complex needs of the diverse workforce in a globalized economy nowadays. Its goals are to make Managers more effective in describing, predicting and controlling human behaviour. It has become a useful tool to analyze and investigate the impact that people, structures, technology and external environment have on individual behaviour within an organization. It has likewise become an interdisciplinary field which integrates behavioural science with other social sciences specifically to enhance the working relationships between people and organizations. As managers to become more effective, a careful and extensive study of these useful ideas and conceptual models is imperative. Hence, effective management can be best attained through understanding and use of the HUMAN RESOURCES, CONTINGENCY, RESULTS-ORIENTED and SYSTEMS approaches. One of these approaches is the human resource approach otherwise known as supportive approach. Traditionally, Managers perceive their workers as pessimistic and negative beings. Under this assumption, Management is directive and controlling. The modern view of today’s employee at work in relation to organization has evolved to a developmental approach. This is the positive way of perceiving that employees are responsible...
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...Loss of consumer trust is hard to regain for any organization, especially for an organization like the Better Business Bureau whose primary function as a business is built upon being trustworthy. Furthermore, consumers are very suspicious when it comes to consumer reports concerning the ethical behavior of a company. But, for many years the BBB had gain public trust with its rating system of thousands of companies. Additionally, it also helped many companies gain extra business while negative ratings damaged the brand image of others and resulted in company losses. In this case, the critical issue that pertains to unethical behavior of the Better Business Bureau was the organization willingness to advance better rating to companies...
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...and shape business behavior? High ethical standards require both businesses and individuals to conform to sound moral principles. Business ethics comprises the principles and standards that guide behavior in the world of business. Culture does affect ethical standards and shape business behavior. For example, in America unethical standards in a business cause one in four to witness it in the last six months (LRN, 2009). This is because the Western world is very individualistic in their thought processes, so they become competitive, and will hurt anyone in the process to get to the top. Is it ethical to take part in corrupt international business transactions? Legal? Explain. Yes, culture can affect the ethical standards and shape business behavior in many ways. One of the ways are bribes, many business in other countries uses bribes to get what they want. This is how many of the countries get things done. On the other hand there are still many companies that don’t believe in bribes and think that it is unethical in business, and then they find it very difficult to continue their business in those countries. The reasons why many companies use bribes are because their government officials have very low salaries (Shaw, 2010). Lucrative positions are "sold “Further, “at different rates, it depends on the bribe. When companies take part in corrupt international business transactions, it does mean that it is ethical. It is up to the manager to do business without paying...
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...Week 5 Individual Assignment By Felicia Lattimore The SOX Act: Unethical Practices and Behavior in Business Accounting LAW/421 – CONTEMPOARY BUSINESS LAW September 6, 2014 Aretha Somerville Introduction Unethical decisions can ruin a business. Dishonest behaviors by accountants, such as falsifying financial statements, over-billing or misleading regulators, can tarnish a company's reputation, causing loss of customers, employees and/or revenue. In some cases, unethical behavior is also illegal and can result in fines and even jail time for not only accounting executives but management executives as well. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was enacted in 2002 in the wake of a series of high-profile corporate and accounting scandals. SOX introduced major changes to corporate governance and the regulation of financial reporting that affected both publicly traded companies and their auditors. Ten years after the passage of SOX, there has been a dramatic increase in financial statement restatements. This is due to statement issuers complying with SOX during their initial preparation. This trend has been attributed to improved corporate governance as a result of SOX. Although we have not seen restatements as large as those of Enron and WorldCom in recent years, it is not clear that SOX has caused a reduction in the number of restatements across all publicly traded companies. The number of restatements during 2007 through 2009 declined, but they remained...
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...Chapter 1 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Shifting of course is a way of college students to change their chosen program to another that may have been caused by many incompatibility to compete in that specific program. Choosing a course is difficult. A lot of factors are to be considered. Choosing to pursue it or not is more difficult. Even the brightest student fails in class sometimes. On the other hand, it is unhealthy to force a student into something that he is not happy with. It will only result todisappointments and regrets in the future. The first year is adeciding period for most students as to whether they will pursue their respective degrees or shift to another. It is the year when students begin to question the significance of their subjects to their courses. If the course does not meet the demands of students it may cause failure or boredom that makes them shift.True dedication to studies cannot be easily disrupted by unpromising class performance. Although the choice of what course to pursue is often based on practical reasons, there are students who are driven by a “true calling.” These are students who are truly passionate with what they are taking up now. They cannot be easily disheartened by unsatisfactory quiz and exam results.Grades can serve as a basis when choosing between shifting and staying. However, passion is the ultimate determinant in finalizing one’s decision. ...
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...Assignment: Organizational Mergers In order to talk about organizational merge, it is helpful to define the organizational changes firstly. There are a lot of researches about organizational changes. Bartunek and Moch (1987), for instance, identified organizational changes into three degrees according to the intensity. It is based on members’ schemas for understanding organizational events. There are first-order change, which involves incremental changes to shared schemas (e.g., adopting new routines); second-order change, involves substantive modifications of shared schemas (e.g., implementing a new strategic vision); and third-order change, involves acute alterations to or replacement of existing shared schemas (e.g., during disturbing events like bankruptcies or radical changes such as mergers and acquisitions). Thus, merger is a form of organizational change, and it brings alternative or replace shared schemas of members in the organization. Consider all the three types of organizational changes, organizational merger is unique, but there is one elemental among all these different changes of organization which is noticeable, organizational identity. It is an essential topic in organizational changes. It answers the question “who are we as an organization?” It describes what is central, distinctive, and continuous over time about the organization. Over the last quarter century, organizational identity has burgeoned as both a topic of interest and a key concept in organization...
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...Since the beginning of the last century, there has been a trend of egregious business behavior. Governments and regulators have been required to tighten guidelines and regulations to assure the protection of the public. Unfortunately, greed has proven to be too strong to resist, and they have caved in to conflicts of interests. Corporations are now facing global measures designed to expose and control bad ethics and governance practices, but this is only one side of the situation. They cannot afford the loss of reputation, revenue, reliability, and credibility. Thus, they have to make sure to contribute more to ethical behavior other than what is already established by the law. To succeed, corporations must give their employees the tools for ethical behavior. Many of them have developed codes of ethics to address their unique business situations. By developing a code of ethics, an organization makes it clear that employees and members cannot claim ignorance as a defense for unethical conduct. A professional code of ethics sets a standard for which each member of the profession can be expected to meet. The code outlines what behaviors are unacceptable and what measures are taken if an employee violates the code of conduct. Establishing an ethical standard for business conduct involves more than a written policy. The most compelling support for an ethical standard is adherence to and enforcement of that standard by those who institute it, and by those for whom it is written...
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...Needs Satisfaction and ERG Theory If managers satisfy employees’ needs, they will be productive. Clayton Alderfer’s ERG theory defines the needs of human-being into three categories: existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs. These three categories of needs contain the comprehensive internal and external demand of employees. Understanding what the employee’s needs are is the first step of motivation. Maslow’s needs hierarchy is the foundation of the ERG theory. Aldefer aligned the needs hierarchy into three groups, namely Existence, Relatedness and Growth needs. The existence needs include the human basic needs necessary for existence, which are the physiological and material well-being. The relatedness needs refer to human-beings’ desire to maintain important interpersonal relationships. The last group of needs is the growth needs, which represent human-beings’ desire for personal development, self-fulfillment and self-actualization. In practice, the three categories of needs is a valid version for managers to apply to management. It develops in three dimensions: internal, external, and time. It focuses on the needs of employees in organization, but not an independent individual. The benefit of this theory is it is helpful for managers to go back to the motivation theory in face of various issues and encourage the employees to be productive. In the statement of person B, it is said that the employees are good about coming to work, but not very good about working...
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...Russell Bettinger BUS-340 – Ethical and Legal Issues in Business 26 October 2014 Esther Lahargoue Analyzing Ethical Behavior Bernard Madoff was a renowned stockbroker, financial adviser, and served as the chairman of NASDAQ. Bernie Madoff is also solely responsible for the largest accounting fraud in all of American history. In December 2008, Madoff admitted to the federal authorities that the wealth management branch of his business, Ascott Partners, was a full on and elaborate Ponzi scheme. A Ponzi scheme is an investment fraud that involves the payment of purported returns to existing investors from funds contributed by new investors. Over the course of nearly two decades, Madoff took an estimated 65 billion dollars from his investor’s fortunes. What made Bernie Madoff successful in his fraudulent ways was the façade put up by the general public of being highly respected, well established, and an esteemed financial extraordinaire. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission caught a lot of heat for failing to investigate Madoff extensively and thoroughly. Madoff ended up being found guilty of eleven federal crimes and sentenced to 150 years in prison with restitution costs at around seventeen billion. The fallout from his master scheme went far deeper than anyone would have expected, as some of the businesses he had invested in and vice versa, were forced to close down temporarily. Enron was an energy company based in Houston, Texas. The scandal that happened within...
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...Art Institute of Las Vegas Course Syllabus Winter 07 RS121 Fundamentals of Marketing Every Week • Concepts Check for new chapter - BOC • Concepts Challenge for old chapter – after Break • Case at end of old chapter due BOC • EOC project due end of class Week 1 • Introduce Expectations • PowerPoint for Chapter 1 - Marketing: Managing Profitable Customer Relationships – in shared directory Zeus • Discussion Questions Customer Satisfaction o When have you, personally, been extremely satisfied or dissatisfied with a product? Why? o One half to three quarters page due EOC (End of class this week) • Concept Check – master in class at 100% • Company Case – Office Depot: Thank you for calling…. o Due BOC (Beginning of class next week) • Concept Challenge Chap 1 will be quiz next week after break • Concept Check Chap 2 will be BOC Week 2 – Martin Luther King Week 3 • Concept Challenge Chap 1 will be quiz after break • Concept Check Chap 2 will be BOC • Fellini’s La Note De Cabiria o Original Trailer – for Italian Audiences o Re-release Trailer – Repositioned as a masterpiece • PowerPoint for Chapter 2 - Company and Marketing Strategy: Partnering to Build Customer Relationships • EOC – Wizard of Oz as horror movie • BOC next week – Reposition ET as Horror Movie o Six Frames PowerPoint o Self Running ...
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...® Academy oi Management Review 1994, Vol. J9. No. 1. 119-143. INTERNATIONAL-BUSINESS POLITICAL BEHAVIOR: NEW THEORETICAL DIRECTIONS JEAN J. BODDEWYN Baruch College THOMAS L. BREWER Georgetown University Alternative assumptions are advanced regarding the political nature of international business and the role of government as a factor of production, which firms must manage in their international valueadded chains. Based on a model oi business political behavior, various propositions are developed regarding the interactions among firm, industry, and nonmarket factors as well as the impact they have on various forms and intensities of political behavior, as affected by strategic objectives. Finally, the sfrategic-theorizing implications of such behavior are discussed in the context of the recent emphasis on resource-based models of strategy management. Research in international business (IB) is much more infused with a consideration of political factors than its domestic counterpart. Authors of IB studies have constantly mentioned and even emphasized government as a variable, rather than a constant or given, because international firms (exporters, importers, licensors, foreign direct investors, etc.) operate under a great variety of evolving political regimes that have an impact on these firms' entry, operation, and exit. When IB topics were first researched in a policy-oriented manner, Fayerweather (1969) stressed "the accommodation of interests and the ...
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...Effects of Unethical Behavior Anita Pleasant ACC/291 March 10, 2014 J. Leanne Janis Is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Working? Today’s corporate executives are well aware of the consequences and punishments they face since the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act in 2002, but is the law enough of a deterrent for senior management? Over the past decades many CEO’s have risen to their positions with little training in accounting or finance, and it makes one wonder about the type of decision-making process these non-accountants employ when making financial reporting decisions. The SOX Act was implemented to protect the financial markets in the United States by encouraging corporate officers to become more involved in financial reporting decisions, and holding them more responsible for the data within each financial statements their company issues (Maroney & McDevitt, 2008). Can these in individuals without the necessary accounting training understand and make the accurate financial statement adjustment decisions required by the SOX Act? The Tyco International scandal is a prime example of how a chief executive officer (CEO) who obtained his position by rising up through the company used unethical behaviors which almost destroyed the organization. Even though the scandal occurred before the SOX Act was enacted, it demonstrates how unethical behaviors can affect a business. Dennis Kozlowski started working for Tyco in 1975 as an assistant controller; he joined the board...
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...Influence of consumer Behavior on business Starbucks Corporation, based on Seattle, is the world’s largest coffeehouse with 20891 stores in 62 countries. (Starbucks- Annual report, 2012). From the very beginning, till 1971, Starbucks has been relentlessly trying to satiate customers thirst for high quality coffee with the touch of friendliness in its environment. Starbucks mission statement “To inspire and nurture the human spirit- one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time” also shows its commitment towards total customer experience rather than only a material taste of the coffee (Starbucks 2013). Throughout this whole report I tried to find out influence of consumers behavior over the activities of Starbucks. As the normal process of expansion Starbucks has expanded towards the South Asian region. On the basis of this initiative I assumed Starbucks would go further and invest in Bangladesh. And tried to analyze consumers’ behavior of Bangladesh and show its macro and micro factors’ influences over Starbucks present marketing practices. Starbucks SWOT analysis “SWOT analysis pursues and integrated approach that includes key variables from company and environment. The objective is the confrontation of the company’s internal strengths and its weaknesses, as well as, company-external business opportunities and threats in order to generate possible strategic options.” (Bohm, 2009, p.1) The...
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...A good reputation is something that all companies strive to have. With one public relations nightmare, a company with a good reputation can crumble, and that can lead to a loss of major business. It is important that companies can trust each other enough to be able to make large business deals together. It is also important that customers trust a company in order to make purchases from it. If customers feel that their money is going to be used for an unethical cause, they may choose to do business with another company. One often overlooked aspect of trust in a business setting is how much employers trust their employees and vice versa. This paper focuses on two companies (Walmart and Hewlett Packard) that have taken a major public relations hit recently. We will describe the events that caused these major hits and steps that the companies could have taken to prevent them and their responses to the incidents. Walmart Walmart has been one of the most successful companies in recent history. According to cnnmoney.com, they have ranked as one of the top 2 companies in the Fortune 500 since 2007 (Fotune 500, 2011). Walmart has over 2 million employees and is the second largest employer in the world. In the next five years it is estimated that they will add 500,000 more employees (Gardner, 2011). Former Senior Vice President of Walmart, Ron Loveless gives ten reasons why Walmart has been so successful. He credits leadership, communication, corporate structure and ethics, among...
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...EMBA 2011 | MKTG901 ASSIGNMENT 2 | INDIVIDUAL CONSUMER BEHAVIOR vs. BUSINESS CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR | | ALPER ARSLAN | 10/30/2010 | INDIVIDUAL CONSUMER BEHAVIOR vs. BUSINESS CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR Individual consumer behavior is the process of how “individuals” act in selecting, using and disposing of goods, services, ideas or experiences to satisfy their needs and wants. Business customer behavior or organizational buying behavior on the other hand is a decisions making process by which “formal organizations” identify, evaluate and select among alternative brands or suppliers to satisfy their needs for products or services. When, why, how, and where individual consumers buy or do not buy a product? What about the business customers? How do they behave? What kind of a buying process do the individuals and business customers go through? What are the factors affecting their behavior and in what ways the behavior of these two parties differ? Answers to all these questions raised will be examined through several examples to come up with the major differences between the individual consumer buying behavior and the business customer buying behavior. As individual consumers we make countless number of buying decisions throughout our lives. While some of our purchases are made unconsciously or requires low involvement, in some others we go through a long decision process. But in general, the individual consumer behavior is related to internal or external stimuli, shaped by consumer...
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