...encourages spending and stimulates the economy. The U.S. is currently on round three of the QE program. Research of QE seemed important as it has been extended three times. This research attempted to answer what the role of QE is in our economy and what the effects are on our business sector. Also, whether or not this stimulus is actually helping the U.S. was called into question. The preliminary data did not support that QE was actually helping as the results have been very slow or non-existent. Whether it is or is not helping may not be seen for years to come. The role of QE to stimulate the economy has been very slow as well and the results on the business sector have only increased the price of gasoline as well as other commodities. The increased costs have been passed on to the consumer which has not aided in stimulation of the economy. Overall, QE has not afforded many benefits and has done nothing more than subdue interest rates, slow the decline in Gross Domestic Profit (GDP), increase transportation costs, and devalue the U.S. dollar. Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..4 Literature review…………………………………………………………………………………..6 Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………….….......9 Results and Conclusion…………………………………………..………………………..……..11 References………………………………………………………………………………………..13 How will Quantitative Easing Effect the Business Sector? The era after the collapse...
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...PAPER. COURSE: BUS: 1010: INTORDUCTION OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS. SEMESTER: SPRING 2015 INSTRUCTOR: NAMADA JULIANA ADM NO: 644067 NAME: BRIAN KIPRUTO CHELIMO Table of Contents Abstract 3 2.0 Forms of Entrepreneurship 4 1.0 Introduction 4 1CREATION OF EMPLOYMENT 4 2Poverty reduction 5 3Socio-economic and political solutions 6 4Economic growth and Development 7 2.1 Entrepreneurial Effects in the Growth of Economy 8 Conclusion 9 REFERENCES 10 Abstract According to Chell & Ozkan, (2010), an entrepreneur is someone who is willing to bear the riskofa businessventure where there is a significant chance for making profit. Entrepreneurship is basically the practice of starting a business in order to earn profit on new found opportunities. Entrepreneurship is a challenging task as many businesses which start fail to take off. Entrepreneurship has many uncertainties especially when new products are created for which there is no existing market.Entrepreneurship affects economic growth in various ways. It is through entrepreneurship thatimportant innovations enter the market leading to new products or production process whicheventually increases efficiency through bringing competition in the market. This paper discourses the impact of entrepreneurship on economies. Ideas and concepts that emerge from entrepreneurs increase...
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...used to measure the business cycle, the roles of government bodies that determine national fiscal policy, and explain the effects of fiscal policies on the economy. Gross Domestic Policy and the Business Cycle GDP (gross domestic product) is the best indicator of where the economy is in the business cycle; “because GDP is our best measure of economic activity, the business cycle is usually illustrated using movements in GDP” (Hubbard & O'Brien, 2010, p. 691). The business cycle has four phases; expansion, peak, recession, and trough. An increase in economic activity indicates the economy is in the expansion phase of the business cycle. A decrease in economic activity indicates the economy is in recession. When the economy stops growing and start shrinking the economy is in the peak phase of the business cycle. When the economy stops shrinking and starts growing the economy is in the trough phase of the business cycle. The following image shows the business cycle phases. Fiscal Policy and its Effects on the Economy The Congress and The President of the United States of America determine national fiscal policy. Congress has the authority to tax. The President creates the federal budget each year but the Congress modifies and votes on the budget. Through its different bureaus, offices, and departments (such as the Internal Revenue Service) the executive branch implements fiscal policy. Fiscal policy has many important effects on the economy and therefore a sound...
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...In America's economy, there are different activities that will affect the government, households, and businesses in our economy. Some of the key activities are purchasing groceries that is a daily activity for most Americans; another example would be a massive layoff and a decrease in taxes. I will start with purchasing groceries; the amount of groceries that are purchased from a retailer will have an effect on businesses. The stores survival is based on getting consumers to spend money so they may stay in business and outperform their competitors. When consumers purchase groceries this affect, the government due to the taxes included in the prices that could impose a limit a person may purchase. Tracking consumers spending habits can help the government determined if the economy is strong or headed toward a recession. The groceries consumers purchase were produced on farms, which means a farmer or a company sold a product for themselves or a business that paid taxes on the revenue received. A company or farmer must pay taxes for equipment and products that are being used to produce their product and for employees. A consumer not only pays for the product they receive but government taxes. Massive layoffs of employees can have negative effects, not only on the company and individuals but also the government. When a company or business must lay off employees, this affects the economy due to the fact individuals will have less household income to spend in the economy. The past employer...
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...analytical An analytical framework for evaluating e-commerce business models and strategies Chung-Shing Lee The author Chung-Shing Lee is Director of Electronic Commerce Resource Center and an Assistant Professor of Information Systems and Technology Management in the School of Business at Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington, USA. Keywords Internet, Economy, Innovation, Strategy Abstract Electronic commerce or business is more than just another way to sustain or enhance existing business practices. Rather, e-commerce is a paradigm shift. It is a ``disruptive’’ innovation that is radically changing the traditional way of doing business. The industry is moving so fast because it operates under totally different principles and work rules in the digital economy. A general rule in e-commerce is that there is no simple prescription and almost no such thing as an established business or revenue model for companies even within the same industry. Under such conditions, an analytical framework is needed to assist e-commerce planners and strategic managers in assessing the critical success factors when formulating e-commerce business models and strategies. This research develops an analytical framework based on the theories of transaction costs and switching costs. Both demand-side and supply-side economies of scale and scope are also applied to the development of this framework. In addition, e-commerce revenue models and strategies are also discussed. Based on the analytical...
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...An analytical framework for evaluating e-commerce business models and strategies Chung-Shing Lee The author Chung-Shing Lee is Director of Electronic Commerce Resource Center and an Assistant Professor of Information Systems and Technology Management in the School of Business at Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington, USA. Keywords Internet, Economy, Innovation, Strategy Abstract Electronic commerce or business is more than just another way to sustain or enhance existing business practices. Rather, e-commerce is a paradigm shift. It is a ``disruptive’’ innovation that is radically changing the traditional way of doing business. The industry is moving so fast because it operates under totally different principles and work rules in the digital economy. A general rule in e-commerce is that there is no simple prescription and almost no such thing as an established business or revenue model for companies even within the same industry. Under such conditions, an analytical framework is needed to assist e-commerce planners and strategic managers in assessing the critical success factors when formulating e-commerce business models and strategies. This research develops an analytical framework based on the theories of transaction costs and switching costs. Both demand-side and supply-side economies of scale and scope are also applied to the development of this framework. In addition, e-commerce revenue models and strategies are also discussed. Based...
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...Economic Crisis in America For the past several years, a declining economy has enslaved thousands of people in a life of hardship. The state of the economy has spurred mass furloughs, financial losses and homelessness. With no end in sight, people are becoming desperate in their attempts to support their families and maintain civility. While the government attempts to combat the depreciating economy, personal securities are increasingly declining. Society’s interconnection with the economy has led to massive personal losses. The economy has entangled governments and businesses all around the world, as if weaving its own web of destruction. The depreciation of the economy has forced business to invoke mass furloughs due to the inability to post profits. The loss of income has had a detrimental effect on society. Furloughs have caused people to sell personal items in order to support their families. People have been inhibited from obtaining savings accounts, loans, and housing. The effects of furloughs have included a rise in medical conditions. As a matter of fact, “The NIH has also documented that people under pressure to meet basic expenses are more likely to put off visits to primary care physicians for routine medical care, especially those who have lost their health insurance due to unemployment. As a result, minor health conditions can become exacerbated further increasing the overall stress level.” Businesses are forcing people to accept...
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...Stimulating and Contracting the Economy Both the President of the United States and the United States’ Congress are capable of enacting policies that may have the effect of either stimulating or contracting the economy. The President is able to stimulate the economy in a variety of ways. One is to propose a Congressional budget that includes increases in spending for the purpose of creating a stimulus, or proposing tax cuts that likewise are intended to have a stimulus effect. The President may also issue executive orders in certain areas that have the effect of creating a stimulus or contracting the economy. These might include appointing like-minded people to the Federal Reserve Board, adjusting certain tax rates by means of changes in revenue collection policy, adjustments to trade policy, and the like. Congress possesses similar powers in that Congress may appropriate spending for purposes of a imposing a stimulus package, adjusting rates of taxation for the purpose of generating economic growth, adjusting trade policy, such as lowering tariffs, for a similar purpose, and creating public works programs. Budgets and legislation that are proposed by the President must ultimately be approved by Congress, although the executive branch of the federal government, i.e. the Presidency, possesses considerable discretionary powers with regards to executive orders, and regulatory enforcement. The Role of the Federal Reserve in Stimulating and Contracting the Economy The Federal Reserve...
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...INDIAN RETAIL INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE ECONOMY SUBJECT: MANAGEMENT 360 RAHUL S MADAVA RAO NAVNEET SINGH RAWAT UDAI SAI NALAM MOUNIKA APARNA GUPTA - 131407 131431 131332 INDIAN RETAIL INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE ECONOMY Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 2 Study plan ................................................................................................................................................. 2 Study objective.......................................................................................................................................... 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 3 RETAIL INDUSTRY – INDIAN SCENARIO ......................................................................................................... 4 Segmentation ............................................................................................................................................ 4 IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT IN RETAIL INDUSTRY ............................................................................... 6 Place .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 Supply chain...
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...Hypermarkets and It’s Impact To Development of Small Businesses : A Case Study in the District of Alor Gajah Mariani binti Sulaimi, Humaidathul Fikkriah binti Hamthan, Siti Nur Annisaa Azzahraa binti Rushaidi |Mariani binti Sulaimi |Humaidathul Fikkriah binti Hamthan | |Diploma in Banking |Diploma in Banking | |Uitm Alor Gajah, Melaka |Uitm Alor Gajah, Melaka | |marianisulaimi@yahoo.com |fluffyflurfieda@gmail.com | |017-3158740 |017-679656 | | | | |Siti Nur Annisaa Azzahraa binti Rushaidi | | |Diploma in Banking | | |Uitm Alor Gajah, Melaka...
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...P4 In this task I will be explaining how both fiscal and monetary policy decisions have affected my business. I will be conducting a research on the impact of the current Fiscal and Monetary Policies. Fiscal Policy Fiscal Policy is when the government adjusts levels of spending within the economy which can affect the AD of the economy. They use this to see how much money they are currently spending and what cuts should be made in order to improve the economy. This will affect my business because the if the economy comes out of recession then it is more likely that people will have more spending money so for businesses like curries this means they will have more income because there stakeholders will have more money . The government is responsible for about 40-50% of national expenditure within the UK; they focus on NHS, defence, schooling, roads and transports some of the main things in the United Kingdom. They are responsible for huge amount of money around the economy through spending and national insurance benefits; these are financed through taxes such as VAT and income. As the United Kingdom currently went in to a triple-dip recession the government must lower tax and increasing spending in order for UK to get out of recession. The recession, this can have a huge effect on my business as Curry's PC World may require to keep the cost stable in order to encourage consumers to buy a luxury product, although they will spend their money on necessities such as food...
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...Host Country Effects of Foreign Direct Investment ANDREAS JOHNSON Host Country Effects of Foreign Direct Investment The Case of Developing and Transition Economies JIBS Dissertation Series No. 031 JIBS Dissertation Series No. 031 ANDREAS JOHNSON Host Country Effects of Foreign Direct Investment The Case of Developing and Transition Economies This thesis consists of four individual essays and an introductory chapter. While independent from each other, these essays share some common properties. They are all empirical and focus on the interaction between inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) and host country characteristics. The primary focus of the thesis lies in how inflows of FDI affect developing and transition economies. Macro-level data are used in all essays. The first essay analyses the FDI inflows that the transition economies of Eastern Europe have attracted and tries to find determinants of these inflows. The following two essays compare the effect of FDI between developing and developed economies. The second essay studies the relationship between corruption in the host country and the volume of FDI inflows. The third essay explores the effect of FDI inflows on host country economic growth. The fourth and final essay analyses the relationship between FDI and trade, focusing on the link between FDI flows and host country exports in eight East Asian economies. ISSN 1403-0470 ISBN 91-89164-64-4 ANDREAS JOHNSON Host Country Effects of Foreign...
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...determining whether the economy is healthy or not. Production and employment rates can also help determine whether the economy is healthy. Understanding how fiscal policies tie in with these can also help determine the health of the economy. This paper will describe how the Gross Domestic Product is used to measure the business cycle. Also this paper will describe the roles of the government concerning fiscal policies. Finally, this paper will explain the effects of fiscal policies on the economy’s production and employment. GDP and the Business Cycle Economic growth is not a steady event. It tends to exhibit a pattern. There is first an expansion of above-average growth. Then there is a peak. Next there is a contraction of below-average growth. Finally, there is a low-point. The low-points are generally followed by periods of expansion. Then the cycle repeats itself. Although the cycle repeats, it does not repeat in a regular manner. These fluctuations in economic growth are known as the business cycle. Because the business cycle is related to economic activity, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a strong indicator of economic contractions. “GDP is a monetary measure of the economy’s production, valued using the prices from a selected base year” (Rummery, PhD, 2002). The health of the economy is reflected by the rate of change in GDP. The economic growth varies over time. There are periods of strong growth and periods of economic slowdown. The economy is considered in...
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...Economic Environment The economy of each country has features that could be measured in different ways to see how they are changing. The economic environment of countries has an effect on countries due to the trading between countries affecting the money coming in and out of the country which then affects the cost of goods and prices. The economic environment would affect jaguar land rover as the goods and prices will have been affected. By this happening it would result in the prices of the cars costing more due to the resources used costing more for the manufacturer. Business Cycle Increases and falls in the production are shown through the business cycle as well as income and the expenditure of the country over a period of time. During a boom the demand of products get so high that manufacturers cannot supply these products and as an alternative they have to put the prices higher. With the prices going higher the result of this is rising inflation. As there are so many costs increasing the price of products becomes so high that the demands of these products start to fall as people are unable to pay for them. If this occurs this then leads to productivity falling as businesses do not need to make as many products or services being used so they start to cut costs. At this point businesses start to reduce the number of staff that they have or reduce prices to try and increase the demand of products. Profits also start to fall. After this an economy could fall into a recession...
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...Task – 1 1.1 Identify the purposes of different types of organization. Business organisations: To make a profit in a socially standard way. For example: Airlines, Fast food. Non-profit service organisations: They want to help to all of people without any profit. For example: NHS, Universities. Mutual-benefit organisations: Individuals join together to pursue their own self-interest. For example: Clubs, Trade Union. Commonweal organisations: They provide service to all members of a given population. For example: Fire Service, Police. Organisations by their intended purpose: Private enterprise organisations: A "private sector" organisation is one that is owned and controlled by private individuals, not the government and usually exists to make a profit for its shareholders. Public sector organisations: A "public sector" organisation is one that is controlled by the government. It is called "public" because the government is responsible to the entire public. Commercial interest classification: Profit oriented: Profit-oriented means pricing strategies rely on setting a product or service's price to attain a specific, programmed net profit percentage. Non-profit oriented: In the broadest sense, an organisation in which no part of any net earnings can grow for the benefit of any private shareholder or individual. Size oriented classification: Large scale: To access the large-scale data sources efficiently and automatically, it is necessary to classify these...
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