CH 22 Objectives
1. Identify the organs forming the respiratory passageway(s) in descending order until the alveoli are reached. 2. Describe the location, structure, and function of:
3. the nose-humidly +heat transfer
4. The paranasal sinuses-frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, sphenoid
5. the pharynx including the regions of the pharynx-nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
6. Identify the location, structure and function of the parts of the larynx:
Epiglottis-gatway to air way “stir that covers airway when swallowing food
Glottis-opening to air way
Thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Vocal cords including gender differences
7. List and describe several protective mechanisms and homeostatic imbalances of the respiratory system. 8. Describe the trachea and the bronchial tree
9. Distinguish between conducting and respiratory zone structures.
10. Describe the makeup of the respiratory
11. membrane, and relate structure to function.
12. Describe the gross structure of the lungs and pleurae both parietal and visceral.
13. Describe the structure and function of the alveolus
14. explain the role of surfactant in alveolar function
15. Explain the functional importance of the partial vacuum that exists in the intrapleural space.
16. Identify the value for atmospheric pressure at sea level.
17. Relate Boyle’s law to the events of inspiration and expiration.
18. Define:
Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
Vital capacity
Total lung capacity
Apply these terms to graphs
19. Explain the relative roles of the respiratory muscles and lung elasticity in producing the volume changes that cause air to flow into and out of the lungs.
20. List several physical factors that influence pulmonary ventilation.
21. Explain and compare the various lung volumes and capacities.
22.