...Miranda #30 The Capitol In Colonial Williamsburg times, the Capitol was used as a place in which the Governors council and the House of Burgesses met and discussed political matters. The Capitol was built by Henry Cary, and he built the Capitol building so that the chance of a fire burning it down was lessened. It was built with no fireplaces and all candles were barred. But one day, a secretary complained that the building was too damp, so they built fire places . There was a greater chance of fire, but was there...
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...textbooks. While these conquests and expansions are taking place, there are other challenges and conflicts that arise. Not all of the colonials may have the same viewpoint on cultural colonization. Some may choose to rebel against the colonizers and others will have a passive response and assimilate to the situation. On Seeing England for the First Time reflects the conflicts and other forms of challenges that are brought up by the post-colonials. Eurocentrism is inflicted and shoved down the throat of Kincade as she is taught to believe she is inferior because the English have wiped out her native culture and that gave birth to the challenges that come along with cultural colonization that make her life discolored and tormented....
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...Therefore, although over time there have been various criticisms about the details of curricula provided in schools, we have not until now questioned the basic system of education which we took over at the time of, independence. We have never done that because we have never thought about education except in terms of obtaining teachers, engineers, administrators, etc. Individually and collectively we have in practice thought of education as a training for the skills required to earn high salaries in the modern sector of our economy. It is now time that we looked again at the justification for a poor society like ours spending almost 20 per cent of its Government revenues on providing education for its children and young people, and began to consider what that education should be doing. For in our circumstances it is impossible to devote Shs. 147,330,000/- every year to education for some of our children (while others go without) unless its result has a proportionate relevance, to the society we are trying to create. The educational systems in different kinds of societies in the world have been, and are, very different in organization and in content. They are different because the societies providing the education are different, and because education, whether it be formal or informal, has a purpose. That purpose is to transmit from one generation to the next the accumulated wisdom and knowledge of the society, and to prepare the young people for their future membership of the society...
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...At the time of extension the colonisers’ colonial power, cultural colonialism happens at the same time. Cultural colonialism practices as an influence of one culture over another, which brings cultural injustice to the colonial society (Ballantyne 2010). In the history, when European invaders arrived in North America, the number of Indian aborigines dwindled drastically. The aggression made most of the natives to be killed, the people who survived were forced to disregard their traditional cultural practices, values and beliefs and accept the whites’ culture. To achieve the ‘peace’ of the settlement, the whites moved many tributes to the abandoned land and what the Indian leaves were destroyed. The behaviour devastated the tribes’ culture...
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...striving for economic emancipation, political independence and cultural renaissance. We are such a people. Philippine education therefore must produce Filipinos who are aware of their country's problems, who understand the basic solution to these problems, and who care enough to have courage to work and sacrifice for their country's salvation. Nationalism in Education In recent years, in various sectors of our society, there have been nationalist stirrings which were crystallized and articulated by the late Claro M. Recto, There were jealous demands for the recognition of Philippine sovereignty on the Bases question. There were appeals for the correction of the iniquitous economic relations between the Philippines and the United States. For a time, Filipino businessmen and industrialists rallied around the banner of the FILIPINO FIRST policy, and various scholars and economists proposed economic emancipation as an intermediate goal for the nation. In the field of art, there have been signs of a new appreciation for our own culture. Indeed, there has been much nationalist activity in many areas of endeavor, but we have yet to hear of a wellorganized campaign on the part of our educational leaders for nationalism in education. Although most of our educators are engaged in the lively debate on techniques and tools for the improved instructions, not one major educational leader has come out for a truly nationalist education. Of course some pedagogical experts have written on some aspects...
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...ELECTIVES: America’s Colonial Foundations (0.5) America’s Colonial Foundations provides an introduction to the major topics of the establishment of British North America, their political economic and social structures, religious and intellectual characteristics and the transition from distant citizens of Great Britain to a new American identity. It will examine changing relationships with Native Americans, development of racial slavery as a labor source, and European cultural influences on the various colonial regions. American Literature (0.5) Throughout the course of American Literature, students will be able to encounter and experience the full span of America’s rich literary history. The course begins with the literary contributions of America’s first settlers, and explores how their faith and difficult circumstances shaped their lives and the literature through which they captured these early moments of America. The course then moves through the Age of Faith, during which the core of American Literature was shaped by a strong and foundational faith, and then into the Age of Reason, during which the world of science and modern thinking started to shape the literature of the times. The study of literature then moves into the Romantic period, and then the Realist period, both of which shaped American Literature at its core and brought about significant changes to the style, structure, and purpose of literature. The introduction of Modern literature includes the literature of...
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...views. The formation of my views began when I was a young child at around six or seven years old. I didn’t realize at the time of course. Only through growing up and looking back can one realize such things. According to the Performance Aid, I find myself falling into two categories of philosophy: Social and Post-Colonial. The post-colonial aspect is very easy for me to explain. One of the questions posed by post-colonial Phil osiers is “Can oral history and tradition be preserved for future generations? I believe that it can. This can only happen if we as a capitalistic society stop being so self-involved with money and possessions. We have to realize that history repeats itself in one way or another. Each generation needs to stop and take the time to learn from parents, grandparents, and great grandparents about their lives. The lives of those before you help shaped the ways and methods of thinking for the next. This could be passing along family history or traditions. I have often regretted not hearing more of my father’s stories of his time in the military. He was in, what was then known as, the Army Air Corps. This was also during the time that segregation wasn’t fully integrated into the military system and society as well. My father was also in Hawaii when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. My grandfather also was in World War II as well. From what I was told my great grandfather was in World War I. The Second part of my philosophy is the social aspect....
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...NICK JOAQUIN Vicente L. Rafael University of Washington, Seattle vrafael@uw.edu This paper re-visits the classic piece by Renato Constantino, “The Mis-education of the Filipino” (1959/1966), inquiring into the colonial basis of his anti-colonial critique of American English. It explores the affinity between his view of language and those of American colonial officials, especially around the relationship between English and the vernacular languages. Both conceived of that relationship in terms of a war of and on translation. It then turns to an important but overlooked essay by Nick Joaquin published around the same time as Constantino’s, “The Language of the Streets” (1963). By closely considering Joaquin’s views on “Tagalog slang” as the basis for a national language, we can see a different politics of language at work, one based not on translation as war but as play. Whereas Constantino was concerned with language as the medium for revealing the historical truth of nationhood that would lead to democratizing society, Joaquin was more interested in the conversion of history into language as a way of expanding literary democracy. Abstract Vicente L. Rafael is Professor of History at the University of Washington in Seattle. He grew up in Manila and graduated from the Ateneo in 1977. His books include Contracting Colonialism: Translation and Christian Conversion in Tagalog Society Under Early Spanish Rule (1993), White Love and Other Events in Filipino History (2000), and...
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...THE MISEDUCATION OF THE FILIPINO By Prof. Renato Constantino (An Essay Review) Introduction I learned and realized many things about the history and relationship between the Americans and the Filipinos upon reading this paper. It is quite intriguing what the main reasons really were for Americans in taking power over the Philippines. Was it for the good of the Filipinos or the Americans’ good? Whatever it was, they succeeded in almost every aspect of conquering the land because they knew the most effective way to subjugate the minds is by controlling their education. They created a new generation of good colonials, the “unFilipino” Filipinos. The indigenous ways of life of Filipinos had been changed to the American way of life. The Americans insisted on creating a “carbon-copy” of themselves in Filipinos through the imposition of their language in their education. I went to elementary and high school in the Philippines, and I know for a fact they used both English and Tagalog as the media of teaching. In the long run, I think this resulted in both positive and negative ways — positively, because I was uprooted to the U.S. and I was able to communicate with others, and negatively, because as I have just realized, I feel the “impediment” in my thought process because I cannot think consistently in one language. NATIONALISM IN EDUCATION To have nationalism, Filipino must understand their Filipino culture on discipline, to have a unity in pursuing well-organized educational...
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...anything that gives me more pleasure than painting” (“Women” 199). The main subject in most of Botero’s work is memory. He often draws on his experiences growing up in the Andean heights region of Colombia. He was born into a middle-class family in Medellín in 1932. His father was a travelling salesman. He remembers his father setting off on horseback across the green mountains of the Andes, leaving little time to spend with the family. His father passed when he was still a young child, leaving his family in a strained financial position. This is the period in which the important experiences of all artists are formed. The simple world of his childhood would forever be branded into his memory and influence his artistic personality. Botero began painting as a child. His...
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...Printed by …………….. For National Open University of Nigeria iii EDU 604 HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA Contents Page Introduction ……………………………………………. 1 Course Aims ………………………………………………... 2 Course Objectives ………………………………………….. 2 Working through this Course ………………………………. 2 Course Materials …………………………………………… 3 Study Unit …………………………………………………. 3 Assessment …………………………………………………. 4 End of Course Examination ………………………………... 4 Summary ………………………………………………….. 4-5 Introduction To appreciate the current educational development and plan better for the future requires studying of the past. History of education anchors this relevance in our tertiary institutions (Teacher Education Programmes). iv EDU 604 HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA Since education is a cultural activity of the people, it means that every cultural system has its own education process. The yardstick for measuring quality and standard varies from...
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...Indian Education System: What needs to change? What do we need to change about the Indian Education System? Education has been a problem in our country and lack of it has been blamed for all sorts of evil for hundreds of years. Even Rabindranath Tagore wrote lengthy articles about how Indian education system needs to change. Funny thing is that from the colonial times, few things have changed. We have established IITs, IIMs, law schools and other institutions of excellence; students now routinely score 90% marks so that even students with 90+ percentage find it difficult to get into the colleges of their choice; but we do more of the same old stuff. Rote learning still plagues our system, students study only to score marks in exams, and sometimes to crack exams like IIT JEE, AIIMS or CLAT. The colonial masters introduced education systems in India to create clerks and civil servants, and we have not deviated much from that pattern till today. If once the youngsters prepared en masse for civil services and bank officers exams, they now prepare to become engineers. If there are a few centres of educational excellence, for each of those there are thousands of mediocre and terrible schools, colleges and now even universities that do not meet even minimum standards. If things have changed a little bit somewhere, elsewhere things have sunk into further inertia, corruption and lack of ambition. Creating a few more schools or allowing hundreds of colleges and private universities...
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...It has been argued that your gender can be the reason you're failing your class. It's true how someone's gender can affect them so greatly? This has been occurring throughout history and still is happening today. But in order to approve upon this subject and help people become more prepared for life we have to look at the past, present, and what content or knowledge the opposite gender and your gender are missing. In the past your gender had a lot to do with how much education you received and what you were taught. For example, in Colonial times in America boys learned based on their wealth/social status. Poor boys usually only went to school until they were of working age (8-10) however the rich ones would most likely...
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...evolved. When the first settlers arrived, women held a much more equitable role, laboring alongside the men to establish the country’s first settlements. As the initial settlements grew, the women who had proved vital in their creation were expected to lay down their hammers and saws and return to the family sphere. The supposition being that the return of the American woman to the family sphere was a returning to of them to their natural roles. She would leave the public sphere and revert to the more domestic arena where her concerns would be the raising and education of her children, as well as the management of the household. Colonial women largely took to this role, and existed fully within the family sphere and worked hard to ensure the success of her home as if: “…her whole heart and soul were in its success…” (Holliday, 1968). Married woman in the Colonial era dwelt within the family...
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...Laila Takkash Dr. Badawi ENG 103 Safely Decolonizing the Mind The spread of different influences through new communication technology has caused some people to refer to our generation as generation X. A generation that grew up in the midst of a communication revolution, we must learn to accept and integrate outside influences. I believe it is easy for a person who grew up in a time very different than ours to criticize what we have become. Ngugi Wa Thiongo in Decolonizing the Mind examines the long lasting effects colonization has had on his local culture. He describes the undermining of native languages in neo-colonial states, the purpose of it, and the effect it has on a child's developing mind. His argument is clearly logical as well as valid and his points precise and sensible, but what is valid is not always true. He sometimes lacks objectivity and evidential or concrete facts; this weakens his argument making it seem like opinion not support by reality or research. By completely disregarding the importance of modern influences, as well as historical ones, on languages his solution to the problem becomes futile. It is true that preserving a language and preserving a culture are connected. Language develops with the culture; it changes to suit their experiences, habits, values, and concepts. Ngugi Wa Thiong’o in Decolonizing the Mind explains this relationship: “language as culture is the collective memory bank of a people’s experience in history...
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