...Family Genetic History Form Your Name: Katherine Magno Date: January 24, 2016 Your Instructor’s Name: Professor Elizabeth Allen Purpose: This assignment is to help you gain insight regarding the influence of genetics on an individual’s health and risk for disease. You are to obtain a family genetic history on a willing, nonrelated, adult participant. Disclaimer: When taking a family genetic history on an actual client, it is essential that the information is accurate. Please inform the person you are interviewing that they do NOT need to disclose information that they wish to keep confidential. If the adult participant decides not to share information, please write, “Does not want to disclose.” Directions: Refer to the Family Genetic History guidelines and grading rubric found in Doc Sharing to complete the information below. This assignment is worth 100 points. Type your answers on this form. Click “Save as” and save the file with the assignment name and your last name, e.g., “NR305_Family_Genetic_History_Form_Smith”. When you are finished, submit the form to the Family Genetic History Dropbox by the deadline indicated in your guidelines. Post questions in the Q & A Forum or contact your instructor if you have questions about this assignment. 1: Family Genetic History (35 points): Develop a family genetic history that includes, at a minimum, three generations of your chosen adult’s family, including grandparents, parents, and the adult’s generation. If the adult...
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...NHPA | Summary | Why selected (all selected for similar reasons; finical impact on health care system) | Determinants as risk factors | Health promotion Program | CardiovascularHealth | Refers to maintaining healthy functioning of the heart and blood vessels. CVD encompasses all diseases and conditions of the heart and blood vessels (including coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease) caused mainly by blood supply to the heart, brain and legs. | -To improve cardiovascular health by reducing CVD.-CVD is leading cause of premature death and second leading cause of burden of disease.- CVD is also largely preventable and places a large economic burden on the health care system. | 1. biological: cholesterol levels, age, sex and genetics. high blood pressure-indicates that the heart is already working harder and under pressure, which can lead to stroke and kidney disease.Body weight- excess body weight places greater strain on heart and increases hypertension and cholesterol levels.2. Behavioural: physical activity, tobacco smoking poor nutrition-diets high in saturated fat such as cholesterol can contribute to overweight and obesity. Low intake of fruit and vegetables can contribute to increased snacking on high fat and high sugar foods, increasing obesity, which heightens risk of CVD.Physical enviro: air quality (tobacco smoke) Access to recreational facilities-if lacking access, they might not exercise as much as otherwise might. Heightens risk of CVD...
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...University of Phoenix Material Chronic Diseases The Life Resource Center (LRC) is a valuable free tool available to University of Phoenix students. Taking some time to explore its website to discover some of the many topics, resources, and tools available is a great way to find information to enhance and support health and wellness. Complete the following assignment: Chronic Disease Risk Assessment Take one of the health risk assessments located on the LRC website. After completing the assessment, write a 500- to 750-word summary that includes the following: • Description of the disease • Risk factors for the disease • Lifestyle choices you can make in your life to decrease your modifiable risk factors for this disease To locate the health risk assessments follow these instructions: • Login to the student website. • Click on the Programs tab at the top of the page, and then on Life Resource Center under Services. • From the LRC home page, click on Thriving. • Click on Health Tools. • Click on Assess Your Health. • Click on the Health Risks tab. Note. Do not submit or divulge your assessment results. Results should remain private. Leukemia has to deal with malignant disorder that involves the bone marrow and blood systems. Leukemia is when you have an uncontrolled growth of abnormal white blood cells. Bone marrow has to deal with soft tissue in the center of...
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...ORIGINAL REPORTS: CANCER INTEREST, AWARENESS, AND PERCEPTIONS OF GENETIC TESTING AMONG HISPANIC FAMILY MEMBERS OF BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS Objective: To provide a preliminary description of the interest, awareness, and perceptions of genetic testing among Hispanics with a family history of breast cancer Design: This cross-sectional pilot study used interpersonal structured interviews for data collection. Participants: We interviewed 48 Hispanics without breast cancer but who had a family member with breast cancer; participants lived in San Antonio and the surrounding area. Main Outcome: The outcomes were interest in breast cancer genetic testing, awareness about genetic testing, perceived risk of carrying a breast cancer susceptibility gene, and the perceived benefits and risks associated with a genetic test. Measures: Items previously used in research regarding interest and perceived genetic risk and a previously validated benefits and riskslimitations scale for genetic testing commonly used by other researchers were used to measure the outcomes. Results: Awareness of genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility was very low, yet most (82%) participants were interested in a genetic test for breast cancer susceptibility. Participants were more likely to identify with the benefits than the potential risks of genetic testing. The most highly endorsed benefits were to know to take better care of one’s self and to undergo more frequent screening. Conclusions: Hispanics seem to...
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...Case Summary: Colorectal Cancer 1) Overview a. Duke’s tumor stage correlates prognosis (Late stage worse prognosis) b. Often leads to hepatic metastasis 2) Adenoma-Carcinoma sequence a. Majority of colon cancer arise from polyps (adenomas) b. Accumulation of genetic mutations / events resulting in uncontrolled growth (dysplasia) c. Over time results in carcinoma 1. APC mutation on chromosome 5 (Early adenoma) 2. K-ras mutation on chromosome 12 3. TGF β, SMAD4 mutation (Late adenoma) 4. P53 mutation on chromosome 17 (Carcinoma) 5. Metastasis d. Evidences 1. Foci of cancer are frequently seen within large polyps 2. Adenomatous (dysplastic) tissue is frequently seen adjacent to large cancers 3. Similar distribution of polyps and cancers within the colon 4. 10-15 year progression of polyp to cancer 5. Reduction of polyps causes reduction in subsequent incidence of cancer 3) Tumorgenesis a. Chromosomal instability 1. Gain of function – oncogenes 2. Loss of function – tumor suppressor genes (APC genes in FAP) b. Epigenetic alteration (microsatellite instability) i. Altered methylation or defective mismatch repair genes resulting in erroneous DNA synthesis Increased mutation rate and microsatellite instability ii. Exemplified by germline mutations causing HNPCC /Lynch syndrome which is characterized by premature and proximal location of colon cancer c. Common pathways 1. Mutations in Ras pathway, Wnt pathway, loss of p53 tumor...
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...Medicine - Market Overview Personalized Medicine is often defined as “the right treatment for the right person at the right time.” Personalized medicine is becoming the place to be in clinical diagnostics as well and slowly becoming the reality of future in the diagnostics industry By Technology Segment - Personalized Medicine diagnostics market is expected to grow with a double digit CAGR for the period of 2013 to 2018. It is expected that personalized medicine diagnostics market by technology is going to double by 2018 from its current market size in 2012. In this segment, Point of Care Testing and Molecular Diagnostics segments control the #1 and #2 positions in 2012. By Diseases Segment - Personalized Medicine diagnostics market is expected to be more than US$ 30 Billion by 2018. Diabetes management test and Cancer management test are the leading market in this segment. Renub Research report entitled “Personalized Medicine Diagnostics (Flow Cytometry, Sepsis Immunos, Routine Coagulation, Psychiatric Disorders, Tumor Markers, Molecular Blood Typing and Other Testing)” report provides a comprehensive analysis of the emerging personalized medicine diagnostic market segments, including their dynamics, size, market share, key investors, clinical trials statement, technological trends, company analysis and a realistic future potential for personalized medicine in clinical testing. The report also entails major drivers and challenges of personalized medicine diagnostic market. This 173...
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...------------------------------------------------- Associate Level Material Chronic Disease Risk Assessment The Life Resource Center (LRC) is a valuable free tool available to University of Phoenix students. Taking some time to explore its website to discover some of the many topics, resources, and tools available is a great way to find information to enhance and support health and wellness. Complete the following assignment: Take one of the health risk assessments located on the LRC website. After completing the assessment, write a 500- to 750-word summary that includes the following: Cancer: Cancer is not just one disease. It is a group of diseases that are only in common by the uncontrolled growth of cells. This is known as a tumor. The cells of a benign tumor do not spread beyond their initial location. Cancer is diagnosed when a tumor is found to be malignant and thus has the potential to spread. As we know cancer is a major cause of death and disability in the US. Over 20% of all deaths are caused by some sort of cancer. Although in younger ages the percentage can be higher. Risk Factors: There are some risk factors for cancer that you cannot avoid. Like genetics or family history, environmental exposers or behaviors that occurred in the past. There are some that you can control such as, you can control your current and future behavior, including diet and exercise, and you’re current and future environmental exposures, such as tobacco smoke or other...
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...750-word summary that includes the following: • Description of the disease • Risk factors for the disease • Lifestyle choices you can make in your life to decrease your modifiable risk factors for this disease Breast cancer is a type of cancer originating from breast tissue, most commonly from the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. Cancers originating from ducts are known as ductal carcinomas, while those originating from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas. Breast cancer occurs in humans and other mammals. The primary risk factors for breast cancer are female sex and older age.[19] Other potential risk factors include: genetics,[20] lack of childbearing or lack of breastfeeding,[21] higher levels of certain hormones,[22][23] certain dietary patterns, and obesity. Recent studies have indicated that exposure to light pollution is a risk factor for the development of breast cancer.[24] Smoking tobacco appears to increase the risk of breast cancer, with the greater the amount smoked and the earlier in life that smoking began, the higher the risk.[25] In those who are long-term smokers, the risk is increased 35% to 50%.[25] A lack of physical activity has been linked to ~10% of cases.[26] The association between breast feeding and breast cancer has not been clearly determined; some studies have found support for an association while others have not.[27] In the 1980s, the abortion–breast cancer hypothesis...
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...Summary of My Chronic Disease Risk Assessment Chronic illness: An illness that persists for a long period of time. The term "chronic" comes from the Greek chronos, time and means lasting a long time. A chronic illness is one lasting 3 months or more, by the definition of the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics. In ancient Greece, the "father of medicine" Hippocrates distinguished diseases that were acute (abrupt, sharp and brief) from those that were chronic. This is still a very useful distinction subacute has been coined to designate the mid-ground between acute and chronic. “What is Lung Cancer?” Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lung. Normal lung tissue is made up of cells that are programmed by nature to create lungs of a certain shape and function. Sometimes the instructions to a cell go haywire and that cell and its offspring reproduce wildly, without regard for the shape and function of a lung. That wild reproduction can form tumors that clog up the lung and make it stop functioning as it should. Because of the large size of the lungs, cancer may grow for many years, undetected, without causing suspicion. In fact, lung cancer can spread outside the lungs without causing any symptoms. Adding to the confusion, the most common symptom of lung cancer, a persistent cough, can often be mistaken for a cold or bronchitis. What is cancer? Cancer is not one disease, but a group of diseases that have in common the uncontrolled...
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...------------------------------------------------- Chapter Summaries [Date] [Company name] [Company address] [Date] [Company name] [Company address] Chapter summaries 7-10 Chapter 7 An interesting correspondence amongst plant and animal life is in the usage of small energy factories inside the cells to control the energy conversion developments required for life. Within plants, that source of energy is known as chloroplasts. They amass energy from the sun and conduct the usage of carbon dioxide and water. This process is called photosynthesis. After the process of photosynthesis, there comes the production of sugar. Animals are able to use sugars delivered by the plants in their individual energy storage called the mitochondria. The mitochondria produces a form of energy currency and it creates ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The ATP is a highly energetic molecule that supplies the vitality we need to get our bodies to function properly. The energy’s life cycle is powered by the Sun, and produces energy like ATP. Chapter 8 Carbon dioxide produces glucose, which goes through the process of photosynthesis. This process uses the energy of light which converts into glucose. During cellular respiration, it happens vice versa; in which glucose breaks down to carbon dioxide and the energy that is stored, initially resulting after sunlight, is free and merged into ATP to be exploited through the cell because of its energy. Both procedures are contradictory to each other;...
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...Thesis Statement and Annotated Bibliography Thesis Statement: Studies indicate that occurrences of adult and pediatric cancer in the United States are on the rise and are caused by increased parental and prenatal environmental exposures and both adults and children whose lifestyles lack a healthy diet and physical activity. Annotated Bibliography American Cancer Society (2014) Diet and Physical Activity: What’s the cancer connection? Retrieved from: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/dietandphysicalactivity/diet-and-physical-activity The American Cancer Society has been a leading organization in cancer prevention and awareness for over a century. They contribute to the fight against cancer in a variety of ways to include advocating and creating laws to prevent and treat cancer, investing in cancer fighting research, and helping those who are diagnosed with cancer cope and treat their illness. The information in this article states that there is indeed a link between cancer and poor diet and physical inactivity. The article provides several interventions and mitigating strategies an individual can take to manage risk of cancer due to a lack of exercise and heathy diet. This article is key in validating the second point in the thesis statement as a cause of cancer. National Cancer Institute (NCI) (2014) Cancer in Children and Adolescence. Retrieved from: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Sites-Types/childhood NCI is a part of the U.S....
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...p27kip1 Protein Levels Reflect a Nexus of Oncogenic Signaling during Cell Transformation. Cancer can be defined as the disease caused by abnormal cell proliferation in parts of the body or a malignant growth of a tumor resulting from these cells. However, it is not just one disease instead a large group of diseases since the action can happen in any part of the body. There is this ability the cells have to migrate from the site of origin abnormal growth and spread to distant sites. One out of every four deaths in the United States is from this disease which drives scientists to study Cancer Biology and its pathways. In studying the different pathways, there is the hope that we can either make a cure or prevent these pathways from occurring to cause these cells to override the apoptosis. In order to understand the author specific point of research we must first understand SV40-small T antigen, Rb, and p27. To begin, SV40 is a proto-oncogene which is capable of transforming several of cell types. It seems to disturbed pRb function regulating cell cycle progression, and equivalent to a light switch turning transcription in cells. Compared to pRb functions in cell cycle suppression, it prevents the cell from replicating damaged DNA by preventing its progression of the cell cycle through G1 to S phase. In general, when it binds to E2F it act as a growth suppressor and prevents the cell from going through the cell cycle. Similarly, p27 controls cell proliferation by binding and...
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...Application 7 Scope 7 Epidemiology versus Public Health 7 Causation of diseases 8 Achievements in Epidemiology 9 Small pox 9 Methyl Mercury Poisoning 10 Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease 11 Iodine Deficiency Disease 11 Tobacco use, Asbestos and Lung Cancer 12 Hip Fractures 12 HIV/AIDS 13 Global AIDS epidemic 1990–2003 13 SARS 14 Conclusion 15 Bibliography 16 Introduction This essay provides a brief summary of what epidemiology is, what it is used for and discusses the major successes epidemiologist have contributed towards control and eradication of major epidemics. The discussion will also touch on the historical context and development of the emergency of epidemiology as a science and art, and give example of some of the people that greatly contributed to the achievement scored in epidemiology studies and applications. The Historical Context Epidemiology originated from the Hippocrates` observation more than 200 years ago who identified environmental factors to have an influence on the occurrence of diseases. It was until the nineteenth century when the distribution of the disease specific in human population group was measured to a large extent as beginnings of epidemiology and road to the most spectacular achievement. The other aspect practice that became common in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century’s was the comparing of rates of the disease...
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...the expression of disease in a particular person? • What kinds of information about disease can be gained through understanding concepts of epidemiology? http://evolve.elsevier.com/Copstead/ • Review Questions and Answers • Glossary (with audio pronunciations for selected terms) • Animations • Case Studies • Key Points Review Pathophysiology derives from the intersection of two older, related disciplines: pathology (from pathos, suffering) and physiology (from physis, nature). Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells, and bodily fluids. Physiology is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. Together, as pathophysiology, the term refers to the study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of living beings. Pathophysiology seeks to reveal physiologic responses of an organism to disruptions in its internal or external environment. Because humans exhibit considerable diversity, healthy structure and function are not precisely the same in any two individuals. However, discovering the common and expected responses to abnormalities in physiologic functioning is useful, and it allows a general prediction of clinical progression, identification of possible causes, and selection of interventions that are most likely to be helpful. Thus, pathophysiology is studied in terms of common or “classic” presentations of disorders. Historically, descriptions of diseases were based on observations...
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...referred to all molecular passageways moderating the expression of a genotype into a particular phenotype. The term epigenetics refers to heritable variations in gene expression that does not include changes to the original DNA sequence. It is actually a change in phenotype without a change in genotype. Epigenetic change is a consistent and natural existence but can also be influenced by several factors including age, the environment and disease state. Epigenetic change can have more destructive effects that can result in diseases like cancer. At least three systems including DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA are considered...
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