...THE EFFECTS OF INCREASED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE Research report Student name Institution Introduction Scientific research in relation to global warming and its effects has projected that the year 2020 may be the hottest than any other in the last 1000 years. According to Rozema, Lambers, Geijn & Cambridge, (2012), the incredible increase will be as a result of the increase in the levels of the large amounts of carbon dioxide released to the atmosphere. The use and burning of carbon related fossil fuels to produce energy by industries across the world has been documented as the main source of the large amounts of carbon dioxide. Schafer (2002) describes that carbon dioxide us product released by all the living systems and in most cases,...
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...Carbon Dioxide in Organisms and Ecosystems. Carbon forms the backbone of all organic molecules that make up the bodies of organisms; including carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. The carbon atoms that make up each organism have got there as a result of being part of another organism. Carbon isn’t just in animals, carbon is a fundamental atom found in every ecosystem. An ecosystem consists of abiotic and biotic features in a given area at a given time. The Carbon Cycle shows how carbon is passed up the food chain and is released back into the atmosphere by respiration of the various organisms in the ecosystem. Not all carbon is released in respiration; some carbon is released back into the atmosphere as a result of combustion. Combustion is increasing globally year on year, shifting the balance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Increasing amounts of CO2 can lead to global warming. Recently data has been published by government officials, showing the steady increase in CO2 concentration over the past few years. www.co2now.org shows on a graph that in 1955 the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was approximately 312 ppm. By 2015 it is excepted that the concentration will be approximately 395ppm. Global warming, as a result of increased carbon dioxide concentrations, can cause an endless amount of damage to ecosystems. For example – carbon dioxide itself will become a limiting factor. Every food chain begins with a producer...
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...Carbon Dioxide Impacts global climate by warming oceans, sea level rise, and ocean acidification, because of greenhouse gases. Carbon Dioxide levels have been going up and down not staying steady between the 180 and 260 parts per million CO2 until 1950, it went up to 320. The current level is 407 parts per million. From 2006 until 2018 it has gotten up 29.75 CO2 parts per million. CO2 is related to the greenhouse effect because carbon dioxide is an important heat-trapping gas. 80 percent to 90 percent of heat goes into the ocean. But if the ocean gets too warm, then the plants and animals that live in it must adapt or die. Krill population has dropped by over 80% because krill likes to breed in warm weather. If the weather gets too warm for...
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...Experiment 13: Calcium Carbonate Analysis; Molar Volume of Carbon Dioxide Abstract: The goal of this experiment was to determine the percent calcium carbonate in a heterogeneous mixture and to determine the molar volume of carbon dioxide gas at 273 K and 760 torr. This is done by constructing a gas generator to collect the CO2 gas evolved from the reaction. The masses of the sample in the gas generator before and after the reaction are measured. The volume of CO2 gas is also collected and measured. As a result, we found that 25L of CO2 was collected, and after further calculations the molar volume turned out to be 13.28L which is very close to the estimated 22.4 L at STP. Introduction: In order to fully grasp the goal of this experiment certain terms need to be understood. Molar volume is the volume occupied by one mole of gas at a defined temperature and pressure condition. In this experiment the percent calcium carbonate in a heterogeneous mixture will be determined. A heterogeneous mixture is a non uniform mix of two or more substances often times in different phases. In this experiment the element Calcium carbonate is used, it is the most prevalent simple inorganic compound in the Earth’s crust. Its common name is limestone and is used for chalk, marble, shells of shellfish and caliche. Another term that is prevalent in this experiment is STP. STP is standard temperature and pressure which is 273K (0 C) and 1atm (760torr). At STP the molar volume of CO2 is 22.4L a...
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...In nowadays, we are facing some global issues regarding the area of environmental and economic. Energy usage and carbon dioxide emission are the largest problem in the global community. Householders use energy in the house consumes the most in the level of emission the total use of energy. The aim of this essay is to define factors that easily affect householders on making decision of the types and source of energy they use. And how they decide on the use of energy efficient appliances. Background Energy is an important element in our global world. It plays a necessary role in our daily life. PJ growth % 2011-12 2010/11- 2011/12 Agriculture 95.8 1.5 Mining 536.2 1.7 Manufacturing and construction 995.2 -3.9 Transport 1512.4 2.0 Commercial 311.2 8.8 Residential 453.2 0.3 Other 58.5 -11.4 Total 3962.5 0.5 (2013 AES Table B) According to the chat above, energy usage in Australia can normally divided into seven parts. Transport is the largest consumption of energy whether manufacturing and construction is the second large. The amounts of mining, residential and commercial in energy usage are quite similar. Residential energy usage is the fourth high of the energy usage of Australia. The most commonly types of residential energy are natural gas and electricity. It include for heating, cooling, cooking…etc. Residential energy usage is 453.3PJ during 2011 to 2012, constitute 11.4% out of the total usage. And the level of residential energy...
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...Issue Investigating public perceptions of carbon dioxide utilisation (CDU) technology: a mixed methods study† C. R. Jones,*ac D. Kaklamanou,b W. M. Stuttard,a R. L. Radforda and J. Burleya Received 5th May 2015, Accepted 10th June 2015 DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00063g Carbon dioxide utilisation (CDU) technologies hold promise for helping to limit atmospheric releases of CO2 while generating saleable products. However, while there is growing investment in the research and development required to bring CDU to the market, to date there has been very little systematic research into public perceptions of the technology. The current research reports upon the findings of a series of six qualitative focus groups (and an associated questionnaire) held with members of the UK public in order to discuss the perceived benefits and risks of CDU technology. The findings reveal that public awareness of CDU is currently very low and that there is a desire to learn more about the technology. While our participants did, on average, appear to develop an overall positive attitude towards CDU, this attitude was tentative and was associated with a number of caveats. The implications for the findings in terms of the development of communication and broader strategies of public engagements are outlined. Introduction Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) are a primary cause of current global warming and climate change.1 Carbon dioxide utilisation (CDU) technologies have the potential...
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...Hydroxide as a component of a device to reduce Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) emission by Motorcycles” aimed to reduced and to prevent the widespread of Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO)which causes pollution in the atmosphere. The device is made up of Sodium Hydroxide, a chemical that is usually used in the manufacturing of soap and paper. It has a low-prize available in laboratory stores. Sodium Hydroxide was used to react with Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide forming Sodium Carbonate and H2O which is a good source to manufacture glass and household cleaning products. The emission testing Center was used to determine the ability of the said device to reduce the amount of Carbon Dioxide emitted by Motorcycles. In the conduct of the experiment , nine motorcycles were used −three that uses Protec, three that uses Unleaded and three that uses Regular. Wherein the initial amount of Carbon dioxide which is 4.43 ppm was emitted by the fuel Protec, 3.97 ppm of CO2 was reduced. In the fuel Unleaded, it has an initial amount of 12.67 ppm carbon dioxide emitted; 12.27 ppm of carbon dioxide is reduced. As of the Regular fuel, 1.91 ppm is the initial amount of carbon dioxide emitted and an amount of 1.2 ppm of carbon dioxide is reduced. Sodium Hydroxide as a component of a device has also the ability to reduce the amount of Carbon dioxide emitted by motorcycles. Wherein the initial amount of Carbon dioxide which is 2.50 ppm was emitted by the fuel Protec...
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...answers the question. 1) 1.00 mole of O2 contains the same number of molecules as A) 2.00 mole of CH3CH2 OH. C) all of the above. 1) B) 0.667 mole of O3 . D) 1.00 mole of CH3CO2H. SHORT ANSWER. Work must be shown for each problem as much as you can. Final answer only is not excepted (no woks no points) 2) How many oxygen atoms are in 3.00 g of sodium dichromate, Na2 Cr2 O7 ? 2) 3) What mass of sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, has the same number of fluorine atoms as 25.0 g of oxygen difluoride, OF2? 3) 4) Combustion analysis of 2.400 g of an unknown compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen produced 4.171 g of CO2 and 2.268 g of H2O. What is the empirical formula of the compound? 4) 5) How many Cl- ions are present in 50.0 g FeCl3? 5) 6) 200 pm is the same as __________ Å. 6) 1 7) The empirical formula of a compound with molecules containing 12 carbon atoms, 14 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms is __________. 7) 8) The charge on the manganese in the salt MnF3 is __________. 8) 9) The ions Ca 2+ and PO43- form a salt with the formula __________. 9) 10) The unit of force in the English measurement system is Newton, which is __________ in base SI units. lb · ft . The SI unit of force is the s2 10) 11) 45 m/s = __________ km/hr 11) 12) The correct answer (reported to the proper number of significant figures) to the following is __________. (12.67 + 19.2)(3.99) / (1.36 + 11.366) = _____ 12) 2 ...
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...Geochemistry Pop Quiz 2 - 20/3/2013 Niall Smith - SF Earth Science 1) On what evidence is the statement “If current carbon dioxide emission trends continue, shells of marine organisms will start dissolving in some parts of the ocean sometime around mid-century” supported? Provide a short explanation and what you think are the two most relevant literature references illustrating your point. The scientific evidence which supports this statement originates from two distinct categorical sources - historical scientific evidence, and present day observations and corresponding scientific projections or estimates. The historical scientific evidence in question consists of observations of the fossil record around the time of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary mass extinction event (65MYA). There is an observed vacancy or gap of the presence of carbonate shells at the end of the Cretaceous period in the fossil record, that were hugely abundant during the Cretaceous. This coincides with a meteor hitting the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico and causing the renown mass extinction. The geology of this peninsula in Mexico is dominantly cretaceous chalk, and on impact, heat and pressure from the collision released large amounts of gaseous sulfurous compounds (Caldeira, 2007). The mixture of gas, soot, ash and dust released in this enormous impact blocked the sun for possibly up to several months and profoundly interrupted insolation - the incoming solar radiation. This caused the extinction...
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...flowering sooner. The earth maintains a habitable temperature due to the Greenhouse effect, which allows heat from the sun to penetrate our atmosphere, without it, the earth would be a cold and hostile planet, and would most likely be uninhabitable. In author, Stephanie Pappas article entitled, “Carbon Dioxide is warming the planet (here’s how),” Pappas passionately argues that Carbon Dioxide is mainly to blame for global warming and not humans....
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...AIR AROUND US All organisms on Earth need air to survive. Air is present all around us. Air occupies space. Q.1. What is air? Mention some of its components. Air is a mixture of several gases. Some of the components present in air are: Oxygen Carbon dioxide Nitrogen Dust Water vapour Q.2. What is atmosphere? A thick blanket of air surrounding the Earth’s surface is called atmosphere. Q.3. How can you demonstrate the presence of air? OR Air occupies space. Explain. When we immerse the open end of an empty bottle into a bucket of water, it is observed that water does not enter the bottle as all the space inside the bottle is taken up by air. But, when we tilt the bottle, air rushes out from the opening and water rushes in to fill the empty space. Q.4. What is ozone layer? Mention its use. The Earth’s atmosphere has a layer of ozone gas. This layer is called the ozone layer. It protects us from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun, thus preventing many eye problems and skin cancer in human beings. Q.5. Write a short note on the composition of air. Air mainly contains nitrogen and oxygen. The percentage of nitrogen is 78% and that of oxygen is 21%. Carbon dioxide, noble gases, traces of water vapour, ozone, dust particles and other gases make the remaining 1% of air. Following is the Pie-chart of the composition of air. Q.6. What are the properties of nitrogen and oxygen? Oxygen in air supports burning whereas nitrogen does not support burning. Plants make...
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...Deforestation of the Amazonian Rainforest Tiffani Swank GE150 Survey of the Sciences Erica Price/Tuesday at 9:00 a.m. to 12:24 p.m. Earth’s natural resources are what we are extracting from the earth. Industries, which excavate the earth’s resources, include forestry, oil extraction, and mining. Present-day society is based upon a vast consumption of non-replaceable minerals and fuels such as coal, oil and natural gasses. Other materials such as cotton, wool timber and produce, if utilized wisely can be replenished. Is the carbon dioxide level higher, due to massive amounts of forest being cut down and the levels of carbon dioxide left in the atmosphere higher? Therefore, my hypothesis is that deforestation of the Amazon rainforest leads, not only, to a reduction of the amount of carbon dioxide taken out of the atmosphere, but also to an increased release of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The earth’s natural resources are there for all of us to use. We need the water, food, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals that the earth’s natural resources give us. Therefore, keeping us fed, comfortable, healthy and alive. If we use the resources carefully then they will last indefinitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively, they will soon run out and all will suffer. The excessive waste is happening in our rainforest every minute of every day of...
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...Carbon footprint Name Institutional Affiliation According to the carbon calculator, my greenhouse gas emission was estimated to be 27 tons per year (Lynas, & HarperCollins, 2007). Out of this emission, the amount of carbon dioxide produced per year was 83.3%. This percentage of carbon dioxide is mostly contributed by home energy. The high amounts of greenhouse gases produced is due to the usage of hydrocarbons in heating and lighting where an estimate of 2.5 tons of carbon dioxide are produced. In addition, my vehicle emits an extra estimate of 1.4 tons of carbon dioxide for 30 miles in a week. My consumption of meat has an impact of 4.1 tons of carbon dioxide per year. All these personal activities made me realize the personal impact an individual can have to the environment (Bishop, 2008). From the learning outcome, I really feel I have a role to play in the environment. This is because I was not aware of the harm I was causing to the environment in contributing to greenhouse effects. I now appreciate the importance of keeping low personal carbon footprint (Bishop, 2008). After calculating my carbon footprint, I realized I had an impact on the environment. This impact is much more than I am supposed to and hence the need to try my level best to lower the amount of carbon dioxide I contribute to the environment (Lynas, & HarperCollins, 2007). Part of my life contributing the most carbon is lighting and heating where I mostly use hydrocarbons for such purposes...
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...Deforestation and Carbon Uptake The removal of forests by human action is probably one of the greatest forces in global environmental change and biodiversity loss on our planet. Forests are cleared, degraded and fragmented by timber harvest, conversion to agriculture, road-building, human-caused fire, and in many other ways. The effort to use and subdue the forest has been a constant theme in the transformation of the earth, in many societies, in many lands, and at most times. Deforestation has important implications for life on this planet. Originally, almost half of the United States, three-quarters of Canada, almost all of Europe, and much of the rest of the world were forested. The forests have been mostly removed for fuel, building materials and to clear land for farming. The removal of our forests can contribute as much as 90% of the current net release of biotin carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The clearing of the forests has been one of the most historic feats of humanity. It is known that photosynthesis consumes about 120 gigatons of atmospheric carbon in the form of carbon dioxide, every year. Photosynthesis is harmed greatly when deforestation occurs. Photosynthesizing biota represent a pool of around 560 gigatons of carbon. 156 gigatons of carbon were released to the atmosphere as a result of land clearance between 1850 and 2000. This gives us an estimate of how many of the photosynthesizing biota were removed due to deforestation. Given the current rate...
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...occur in gaseous state and present on the atmosphere caused infrared radiation from the sun to be trapped inside earth’s atmosphere, raising its temperature significantly. Global effort to overcome greenhouse gasses threat is not a failure as government across the globe has deployed various technique and policy to reduce such emission. Firstly, development of renewable energy can help to reduce greenhouse emission. Furthermore, there are various technology and method to reduce carbon emission on the atmosphere. Finally, government policy such as carbon tax has been implemented to combat this issue. Firstly, energy generated by alternative means other than fossil fuel has been developed to reduce carbon emission. The term renewable energy can be describes as a power generated from resources that can be replenished indefinitely (Australian Renewable Energy Agency, 2011a, internet). Energy became major part in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions due to the fact that five sixth of global carbon dioxide deposit originated from energy generation (Victor, 2011, 116). Clean energy such as wind turbines, hydroelectric plants, and solar energy has been implemented in many countries. For instance, China has invested 45.5 billion dollars on clean energy in 2011 and currently at first global position of implementing those energies (Flannery, Beale, & Hueston, 2012, internet). Renewable energy may be able to completely replaced fossil based energy as the development of...
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