...Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease By: Fawn R. Stephen-Odle June 2012 Cardiovascular disease is caused by disorders of the heart and blood vessels, and includes coronary heart disease (heart attacks), cerebrovascular disease (stroke), raised blood pressure (hypertension), peripheral artery disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, and heart failure. The major causes of cardiovascular disease are tobacco use, physical inactivity, an unhealthy diet and harmful use of alcohol. Unfortunately, there are four non-modifiable risk factors that contribute to CVD (cardiovascular disease). Race and Ethnicity: Race and ethnicity have quite a bit to do with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Studies show that African Americans have a higher risk for Cardiovascular Disease because of higher blood pressure levels, overweight and obesity, compared to Caucasians. Higher blood pressure levels are among the highest in African Americans in the world. Mexican Americans and Native Americans are also at higher risk for heart disease because of higher rates of obesity, diabetes, and smoking. Studies also show that about 77% of African American women, 72% of Mexican American women, and 61% of Native American women are overweight or obese, compared to 57% of Caucasian women. Taking precautions such as eating a proper diet, exercise, lessen use of alcohol, and quitting smoking can reduce a person’s chances of contracting Cardiovascular Disease. All races and ethnicities...
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...to summarize the individual’s symptoms. This is done through a variety of ways, including objective and subjective tests, structured and unstructured interviews and observation. After completing an assessment, the clinician has an understanding of the individual’s symptoms, circumstances surrounding those symptoms as well as decides if and how to treat the individual. During an assessment, the clinician makes sure to highlight the abilities of the individual so that they can be compared to his abilities during and after treatment. This helps the clinician later on see the effects of the treatment and be able to change it if necessary. Only after an assessment, can the clinician make a clinical diagnosis. Clinical diagnosis is the way the person’s symptoms and signs learned in the assessment are organized and classified based on the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The DSM is a standard guide to diagnose abnormal behaviors by providing criteria for each abnormal behavior listed. A clinician will gather all the information gained during an assessment and will organize it and see if it fits the criteria of any of the abnormal behaviors listed in the DSM. After a clinician diagnoses, the patient’s insurance will then cover their treatment (Butcher, Mineka & Hooley, 2013 p. 104). If a person experiencing low appetite and fatigue seeks help from a clinician, the clinician will first conduct and assessment to find out all the symptoms of the client. If the clinician...
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...University of Phoenix Material Lifestyle Analysis Part 1: Consider the following questions concerning sedentary and physically active persons. Answer each question in 70 to 100 words each in the space provided. Cite your reference(s). Focus on a specific age group i.e. childhood, teens, adult male or female, elderly. (6 points) |Questions for both lifestyles |Sedentary person |Physically active person | |Describe the typical activities that qualifies a|A sedentary activity level describes someone|Moderately active person is someone who has | |person as sedentary or physically active (1 |who gets little to no exercise. It is |a lifestyle that includes physical activity | |point) |someone who spends a lot of time sitting at |equivalent to walking about 1.5 to 3 miles per | | |a desk or watching television, without |day at 3 to 4 miles per hour, in addition to the| | |working out regularly. Any activity that is |light physical activity associated with typical | | |performed during a daily routine is |day-to-day life. This person is who doesn’t | | |low-intensity. A sendentary person is |spend much time sitting down. Examples of...
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... Diabetes A Growing Health Concern In The U.S. According to (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). Diabetes can affect many parts of the body and therefore can result in serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. The pancreas makes a hormone called insulin, which in turn helps glucose to get into the cells of our bodies. When the pancreas does not produce enough insulin blood glucose levels can then become elevated and other metabolic abnormalities can occur, leading to more serious and disabling complications. Obesity is directly linked to the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. According to World Heart Federation (2015), “your risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and hypertension rises steeply. Statistics show that 58% of diabetes and 21% of ischemic heart disease are attributable to a BMI above 21.” (Why Obesity Causes Cardiovascular Disease). According to "Healthy People 2020" (2014), “diabetes affects an estimated 23.6 million people in the United States and is the 7th leading cause of death.” There are three common types of diabetes (Diabetes). 1. Type II – “Results from a combination of resistance to the action of insulin and insufficient insulin production.” (HealthyPeople.gov, 2014). Type II can be controlled by a person’s diet and physical activity, losing weight and when needed, medications. 2. Type I – The body is no longer able to produce insulin. The individual must have insulin delivered...
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...throughout the world that it has now surpassed under nutrition and transferable diseases as the highest contributor to poor health. Many beliefs and misconceptions of obesity exist. Obesity occurs when excess body fat has been stored to a point at which the effects on the human body are harmful. Most, when asked believe obesity occurs because of an over consumption of calories, also known as overeating. This is a common misconception, although overeating is still seen by most experts to be ultimately the most contributing factor, there are actually other influences such as energy expenditure and genetics that play key roles in the onset of the disease, obesity. The effects of obesity hold dangerous and...
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... Chronic Illness Evaluation There are millions of diseases that affect people all around the world. However, most people don’t realize that those diseases are chronic. A chronic illness is a disease or human health condition that is persistent or long-lasting in nature (World Health Organization reference). There are some characteristics of a chronic illness that could make an individual more aware that they might have one. One characteristic is that it imposes limits. What this means is that individuals who have fibromyalgia, for example, might not be able to move freely. Another characteristic is that it affects many parts of a person’s life. For example, when you have cancer, self esteem will be affected. When self esteem is affected, other parts of your life are going to be affected. Another characteristic is that it brings uncertainty. What is the future going to hold? Will I have to deal with this forever? These are some questions that a person with a chronic illness will ask themselves everyday. The relationship between a healthy nutritional program and cardiovascular disease is simple. When it comes to eating a diet high in fats, sugars, and cholesterol, there is a higher risk for cardiovascular disease. When an individual can understand how to control the factors such as high fat foods, stress, blood pressure, etc, they will be able to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. A great way to start to control those factors would be to exercise. If...
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...Chronic diseases are diseases or conditions that persist or progress over a long time. Chronic diseases develop slowly. Chronic illnesses are prolonged, do not resolve spontaneously, and are rarely cured completely. There are many different chronic diseases, but the two biggest killers are cardiovascular disease and cancer, by far the leading causes of death in the United States as well as the rest of the world. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) comprises a group of diseases that includes two major categories: diseases of the heart and cerebrovascular disease (primarily stroke). Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cellular growth and reproduction. Cancer can occur in any part of the body, but we’ll discuss a few that are of the greatest importance to women’s health: breast cancer, lung cancer, cancers of the reproductive system, and a few others. More lives are claimed by CVD than by the next five leading causes of death combined. Cardiovascular deaths usually occur in later years when women are beset with a variety of comorbid conditions, such as high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, osteoporosis, and diabetes. The two major forms of CVD are heart disease and stroke; of these, coronary heart disease is the major killer. Strokes, however, also cause many deaths, and they disproportionately affect women—6 of 10 people who die from strokes are women. Cardiovascular disease imposes a heavy burden on the medical care system in the United States, particularly on...
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...wellness are very necessary. Health refers to a state of complete mental, physical, and social well-being, and not just in absence of diseases. Wellness refers to condition of physical and mental health. The paper will start by describing health and wellness. After that we will describe the dimensions of health and wellness. And also we will describe the multiple factors of health and wellness. Finally, we will be discussed the importance of being healthy and well and also the ways to maintain your health and wellness. Health and wellness are the most important aspects in our life, so everyone should know the definition of each one. Health is the general condition of a person's mind and body, usually meaning to be free from illness, injury or pain. Wellness is an approach to healthcare that confirm preventing illness and extending life, as contrary to confirm treating diseases. There are many dimensions of health and wellness. First, there are many dimensions of health such as physical health, intellectual health, emotional health, social health, and Spiritual health. The physical health refers to the state of the body - its compositions, development, functions, and maintenance. There are a few ways to ensure good physical health such as: -Eat nutritious food to keep the body and mind energized. -Water is necessary for cleansing the body. And -Fitness through exercise. Then, the intellectual health is a cognitive ability to develop skills and knowledge to enhance one's...
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...associated with the studies that show moderate drinkers tend to love longer than people who don't drink at all or those who drink in excess. Studies from a number of different countries including China, the United States and England indicate that longevity is highest among groups of people who drink alcohol in moderation. Increased Cardiovascular Health Several studies have shown that drinking alcohol in moderation has a positive correlation with certain aspects of cardiovascular health. In particular, the risk of developing coronary artery disease is significantly lowered in conjunction with moderate consumption of alcohol. Another link between alcohol and cardiovascular health shows that moderate consumption of alcohol has a positive correlation with survivability in the event of a heart attack. Those who drink low levels of alcohol are more likely to live and less likely to experience another heart attack. Alcohol produces several positive effects on the body when consumed in low levels. For example, it increases levels of good cholesterol (HDL) and lowers levels of bad cholesterol (LDL). Alcohol also acts as a blood thinner once it enters the human body, much like common...
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...a group of related symptoms associated with the gradual decline of the brain functioning. Dementia can affect a person’s mood, judgment, understanding, language, mental sharpness or quickness and also memory. As people get older memory loss is common because it associates within the symptoms of aging such as stress, tiredness and medications but sadly people who are in the later stages of adulthood (ages 65 onwards) are most likely to develop dementia. Dementia is considered to progress in there different stages: early, middle and later stage. In the early stage of dementia it affects an individual with small signs such as frequently forgetting the names of people and where they have placed items. Middle stage dementia becomes...
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...types of diseases all around the world. These diseases vary in many different ways such as the part of the body they effect, how serious they are, and how they are obtained. The human body has five vital organs that are needed to survive. These vital organs are the brain, heart, kidneys, liver, and the lungs. One major type of disease that has effected thousands of people all around the world is Coronary Artery Disease. This disease is targeted towards the heart and the arteries used to pump blood throughout the body. There are several different issues that can be discussed about this specific disease such symptoms, the cause and effect, and types of treatments and procedures to help reduce the risk of Coronary Artery Disease....
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...conditions. The following are chronic health conditions: diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, stroke, high cholesterol, asthma, and depression. These health consequences can lead to premature death and chronic health conditions, which reduces the quality of life. In the Atlanta area, obesity has increased over the past 10 years in which affects an individual life. Health care organizations have established health objectives to reduce the prevalence of obesity among individuals in America. What is overweight and obesity? According to National Heart and Lung Institute (2010) “the terms overweight and obesity refer to a person’s overall body weight and whether it’s too high” (What are overweight and obesity, para. 1). A person is overweight when he or she is above a weight because of muscle, bone, and fat. Obese occurs when individuals have extra body fat on them. Hospitals, community clinics, and public health care agencies utilize the body mass index (BMI) to measure overweight and obesity for adults, children, and teens. BMI is the ratio of a person’s weight to the square of his or her height (MediLexicon International Ltd, 2011). This is an assessment tool to chart trends such as overweight and obesity. Individuals are more prone to develop obesity because of his or her sedentary lifestyle. Overweight or obese he or she are at risk diseases and conditions that affect their health. The incidence of obesity depends on age, sex, race, genetic traits, and...
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...Substance Abuse Addiction is a complicated disease that affects the behavior and functions of the brain. It occurs when a person becomes dependent on a drug or medication. This could include legal and illegal drugs, prescription drugs, and alcohol. Substance abuse not only affects individuals, it also affects their friends, family, and other people around them. In 2012, there was an estimated 23.1 million Americans aged 12 and older who needed treatment for substance abuse (SAMHSA, 2014). Educating ourselves and others on preventing and treating substance abuse disorders is important because it can affect a person’s physical and mental health. Substance abuse can affect anyone. Some people can be functioning addicts, meaning one would never knew they had a problem. Others have trouble keeping a job, forming romantic relationships, they become needy, and withdrawal from their family and friends. Physical dependence is when the body becomes adjusted to a substance, and needs that substance to function normally. Psychological dependence is when a person uses a substance to feel the effect it produces, but their body is not dependent on it. An individual may have biological and psychological characteristics that make them vulnerable to substance abuse. Biological characteristics include genes, gender, and ethnicity. Scientists estimate that genetic factors account for about 40-60 percent of a person’s vulnerability to drug addiction (NIH, 2014). Introducing...
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...November 8, 2013 University of Phoenix Week One Objectives Every person knows that the way in which we live our life affects our health with each choice made. A person’s lifestyle, personal relationships with others, family histories, individual personality, and our mental and biological processes are factors in relation to health psychology. Health is a positive state of physical, mental, and social wellbeing and psychology is the science of behavior and mental process. When combined together, health and psychology covert to the relation between biology, social context, and behavior that influences an individual’s overall health and wellness. To have accurate knowledge of the negative effects that become part of an individual’s emotional mindset, can reduce the risks of becoming ill as a result. People deny the fact or simply do not know about the role of interactivity in this aspect. Physical Health directly connects the environment in which we live to the individual person that is affected. Psychological studies show that a person’s mind and body are linked. As your mental health declines, your physical health can wear down, and if your physical health declines, it can make you feel mentally "down." According to doctors and psychiatrists in the field of study, “keeping a positive outlook on life always helps keeping the inner self healthy. A person’s physical health and psychological well-being depend upon beliefs built up over one’s lifetime relating to areas off biological...
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...------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- My Fitness Program ------------------------------------------------- Hour 3 ------------------------------------------------- Wednesday, November 07, 2007 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- I took this class because I take my physical health seriously. Even before I started this school year, I had been training 4 days a week, learning about many different systems of martial arts. Good physical health means having muscle strength, muscle endurance, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, and core strength. ------------------------------------------------- Muscular strength is the ability to exert maximum force. Muscular endurance is the ability to repeat a lift many times. Improving muscular strength and endurance makes completing daily tasks easier. If anyone ever needed help moving furniture, or any other heavy objects, I will be able to help because of the strength training I’ve done. Also, muscular strength and endurance gives obvious advantages in the martial arts, such as striking power, and the ability to overpower someone when grappling. In other words, if a...
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