...Average Income/Salary: Cardiovascular surgery is one of highest paying jobs in Canada. According to the Profiles Physician Salary survey, cardiac surgeons receive median starting salaries of $360,000 per year. After about five to six years, this salary rapidly increases. Experienced pediatric cardiovascular surgeons have an average yearly salary of $762,846, experienced adult cardiovascular surgeons make about $560,659 per year. Additional Facts/Information: During a procedure, the patient’s heart, sometimes, has to be stopped. This allows surgeons to perform extremely delicate procedures, such as replacing valves. Cardiovascular surgeons most commonly perform the coronary artery bypass surgery. During this procedure, surgeons...
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...longer life without problems. Introduction: Like most people, you already know that smoking is bad for your health. But do you really understand just how dangerous smoking really is and how it can be also deadly for non smokers too? Do you know that the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that each year smoking causes about 6 million deaths which is about 10% of all deaths and 0.6 million of these occurring in non smokers too due to second hand smoke? Do you know that smoking is considered as the greatest cause of preventable death globally? Since stopping smoking can be an extremely difficult process, understanding exactly how smoking harms your body and people around you can help keep you motivated to end that habit. So in our research we are going to talk about smoking health problems and second hand smoke. Literature review: Male and female smokers lose an average of 13.2 and 14.5 years of life, respectively. [1] About one half of long term male smokers will die of illness due to smoking. A person's increased risk of contracting disease is directly proportional to the length of time that a person continues to smoke as well as the amount smoked. However, if someone stops smoking, then these chances gradually decrease as the damage to their bodies repaired. A year after quitting, the...
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...Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg 2 II. Allergy vs. Chemical Sensitivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg 2 III. Principles of Chemical Sensitivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg 3 IV. Awareness of Chemical Sensitivity in Various Medical Fields. . . . . . . . . Pg 4 V. Methods for Accommodation and Prevention of Chemical Sensitivity. . . . . . Pg 4 VI. Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg 5 VII. Research Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg 6 VIII. Sources of Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg 7 IX. Interview Excerpts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg 8 X. Works Cited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pg 10 I. Introduction Today, more than ever, there are many substances that pollute the earth and the surrounding environment that pose health risks. They include biological factors such as pollens, foods, water...
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...Demographic Paper Axia College of University of Phoenix Health Care Consumer - Trends and Marketing HCS/490 Russell Wettstein August 14, 2011 Demographic Paper The targeted population that will be explored in this paper is childhood obesity in the United States focusing on children aged between two through17. The surgeon general has labeled child obesity in America as an epidemic supported by statistics that in the last 30 years childhood obesity has tripled. The two primary factors identified by physicians and experts in creating childhood obesity, are first that children are not receiving enough exercise daily and not eating the right kinds of foods. The combination of sedentary lifestyle’s and fast-food diets have created a whole generation of children faced with serious adult health issues such as heart disease, diabetes, and high cholesterol. In this paper the subject to describe child obesity and its general impact that changing demographics may have on the health care market. Also the paper will tackle many questions involving this issue such as why and how will changes in the demographics of this population affect health care. Identify two key health care-related challenges to this population, such as increases in health care costs, increases in prescription drug costs, or the need for in-home medical care. Describe how a chronic disease wellness program may affect the costs for this demographic, what do the demographics tell about the marketing...
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...and Sociological Effects 17 Conclusion 18 References 20 Introduction Robotic surgery, or computer-assisted surgery, is the term used to describe the technology of using robotic systems to aid in surgical procedures. It was developed to help surgeons and medical health professionals overcome the human limitations of minimally-invasive surgery and enhance the abilities of the surgeons performing these procedures. It has many benefits to not only surgeons and medical facilities but for the patients as well. After years of development, training, and global awareness of the technology, medical manufacturers of the robots, surgeons, and medical professionals hope the technologies benefits will outweigh and overcome the environmental, financial, legal and ethical controversies. Dr. James McEwen, Dr. Brian Day and a team of engineering students, developed the very first surgical robot in 1983. It was used on March 12, 1984 for an orthopedic surgical procedure in Vancouver, Canada. Over sixty minimally invasive joint surgeries were performed in the first 12 months after the first successful surgery. After this, several other robotic devices were developed. A surgical scrub nurse was created to hand surgeons needed tools and instruments upon voice command. In 1985, a robot named Unimation Puma 200 was used to place a needle during a brain biopsy with the assistance of CT, computerized tomography guidance; also known as CAT scan. In 1992, Dr. Senthil Nathan from...
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...this convenience and the ever evolving technology comes the burden of cost on the U.S. economy. This paper will review how early medicinal practices have evolved into the technologically advanced world of medicine we live in today, as well as discuss how these advancements play a role in the accessibility, affordability and quality of life and care the patients of the United States receive today. In the early 1800’s, medicinal practice in the U.S. was considered to be very primitive. Unlike the European countries of Britain, France and Germany, “American medicine lagged behind in the advances of medical science, experimental research and medical science education” (Shi & Singh, 2008 p. 85). Instead, America focused more on applied science rather than the research of basic sciences. In return, the United States’ “early practices of medicine were regarded more as a trade than a profession. It did not require the rigorous course of study, clinical practice, residency training, board exams and licensing, without which it is impossible to practice today” (Shi & Singh, 2008 p.85). This meant that pretty much anyone during this time could call themselves a physician, and so they did. In the early 1800’s tradesmen, barbers and merchants were involved in healing by selling herbal prescriptions, elixirs, cathartics and nostrums. Barber’s at the time would also function as surgeons, using the same blade to cut hair, shave beards and bleed the sick (Shi & Singh, 2008 p.85). They...
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...succeed due to the lack of market research. Successful innovations often disrupt an established technology, meaning that the established technology becomes obsolete, or much less used, and it us the disruptive innovation which takes over. In this paper we will see how Robotic surgery disrupts the traditional human surgery process. Robotic surgery offers small incisions, instruments that bend further than the human wrist, and an enhanced view due to its magnified 3D high-definition. It is highly beneficial due to its reduced chance of bleeding and infection, fewer post-operative complications and a faster recovery. The only commercialized robot in robotic surgery is the Da Vinci surgical robot, which is a production of Intuitive Surgical. The medical domain has already accepted a lot of innovations, it is a domain that has greatly evolved, our health being one of the most important things in life, a lot of research is made around it, and the government is often part in its funding’s. The most revolutionary innovation in the health care center is robotic surgery, which now looks to disrupt the human procedure of surgery, and replace it with robotic surgery. Robotic surgery however still demands the help of surgeons, who are needed to control the da Vinci, the surgeons operate virtually behind a computer station where they can guide the various arms of the robot, and assist the surgery through a magnified 3D high-definition screen. Thus, surgeons have to be trained to use...
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...Introduction A concept analysis is written in order to clearly define a selected topic and provide understanding of its uses, attributes and how it will relate to a certain field. The goal of this paper is to convey the conceptual meaning of rurality as it relates to oral health and its impact on advanced practice nursing. Purpose The purpose if this concept analysis is to present a theoretical understanding of oral health among rural populations. Despite important links between oral health and general health, oral diseases are common and public health and prevention efforts aimed to improving oral health have lagged prevention efforts. Research shows that the key to improving oral health is through preventative care and early treatments. However, many individuals within rural communities do not have access to preventive programs and early treatment; whether it is due to financial burden, uninsured, distance to treatment, lower rates of water fluoridation or poor access to care providers. People who have the least access to preventive services and dental treatment have greater rates of oral diseases (“Oral Health”, 2013). Evidence In 2000, the United States Surgeon General’s report on “Oral Health in America” defined oral health broadly, emphasizing that oral health is “integral to general health; oral health means more than healthy teeth and that you cannot be healthy without oral health.” The World Health Organization defines oral health as “a state of being free from...
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...Name: Tutor: Course: College: Date: Animals in Biomedical Research From history, man depends on animals for survival, either as mode of transport or source of food. However, animals are used for many other purposes in the current world. Scientists are using animals for experimenting and testing drugs that prescribed to cure many diseases, for instance, HIV/AIDS. For many years, animals’ experiments have been used to discover new ailments and the drugs that could cure them. However, there are so many organizations that are trying to fight for animal rights by preventing animal experiments. Stopping the use of animals for scientific research can hinder progress in new findings and discoveries in the health sector. Animals have been used for scientific research because their body functions are almost similar to that of human beings. Human suffering should be drastically reduced as a first priority by ensuring that the humans don’t die because simple and treatable diseases. Animal suffering and death should come as a second priority after taking care of humans needs. Scientists should be able to use animals for research to prevent any possible deaths in human beings. Disease like tumors can be experimented and tested on animals and not on man to avoid suffering of human beings. Health of human beings has advanced due research carried out on animals. Major killers like diabetes heart attack and cancer have been treated well due to improved medicine. Some diseases mostly...
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...of the Surgeon and the Operating Room Abstract The art of surgery has evolved significantly from the times of shaman priests in ancient Egypt and bloodletting barbers of Medieval Europe. This evolution was assisted by the development of new tools that were created as the result of some advancement in technology. These new instruments permitted the surgeons of their day to unlock new possibilities and develop new techniques, each more sophisticated than the one before. Due to the sensitive nature of surgery, moral and ethical obligations were established early on and eventually formed the basis of “The Hippocratic Oath”, which is still relevant to the modern surgeon. We are now in a place in history where robots are being used to assist with surgical procedures that were once only conceivably done by human hands. This paper seeks to detail this evolution as well as describe current and future applications of robotics in the surgery and the ethical implications inherit with this technology. This report will also attempt to identify and discuss the complex legal, political, and cultural issues that have also evolved with this science. A review of the literature was undertaken using Medline. Articles describing the history and development of surgical robots were identified as were articles reporting data on applications. This most recent development in surgical advancement has infinite potential but it is also accompanied by same ethical dilemmas that ancient surgeons were faced...
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...different products for the cleaning or prepping stage. At the hospital of my place of employment, there are three different agents that can be used. This list includes Chlorhexidine gluconate, chlorhexidine alcohol, and povidone iodine. Any type of infection involving the incision site can cause complications that could be long term for any patient to deal with and may have financial consequences to any hospital. This particular hospital is considering a change to standardize the prepping solution and needs to determine the cost factor if it were to change to a new product or to add premixed applicators of particular type of surgical prep solution. At this hospital, the current standard is using a surgical prep cleanse that the primary surgeon chooses to use. The hospital’s policy has no set standard for a particular prep solution being used. The CDC, in 1999, listed guidelines for prevention of infections at the incision site, including the use of an antiseptic cleanser for prepping of skin (Jarral, McCormack, Ibrahim, & Shipolini, 2011). There has not been one solution used as a referral over any...
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...Some of which include: “I’m stressed out”, “I need to lose weight”, and “I just want to fit in”. Would you want to die because you wanted to lose weight, you felt stressed, or you just want to be cool? There are many reasons why you should not-start smoking and why you should stop smoking now. II. Backgroud of the study Smoking is an adaptive behaviour which in most cases acquired when an individual is aware of the effects the associated with the habit. A large number of smokers know both the long and short term, smoking is the major cause of cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, emphysema, and also premature aging. ‘‘Cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health?” This is the packaging warning message. Cigarette, from the french word “cigarette”, meaning “small cigar”. Is a small cylinder effects of this habit which include respiratory diseases and cancer. Shockingly of finely cut tobacco leaves rolled in thin paper for smoking. The term cigarette is commonly used, refers to a tobacco but can apply to similar devices containing other herbs, such as ascloves or cannabis. The smoking habit is easily acquired by an individual. This is because there are various reasons attract an individual into attempting to smoke. Some individuals take the habit as a show off thus they start smoking since they believe in an ideology which says that it looks cool to smoke in public. Others start through copying members of their families or friends who are smokers. The other reason...
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...reviewed in relation to achieving short and long term abstinence. Research studies examining smoking cessation interventions and its overall effectiveness were critiqued and evaluated using a systematic literature review. Methods: Specific medical databases were utilised, followed by a methodical search strategy to identify key articles. Through evaluation of the studies, reliability and validity will be established. Evidence based practice will be explored throughout the report and will demonstrate how to source and appraise relevant research, whilst indicating how research findings can be implemented within todays nursing practice. Findings: It has been identified that smoking cessation intervention programmes are successful in short and long term abstinence with evidence identifying that post-operative complications are higher in patients that smoke. Implications: The right time to introduce smoking cessation pre-operatively is debatable although the majority of research argues that even the shortest time will be of benefit to the patients overall health and recovery time. Patients attitudes and willpower towards smoking cessation have a considerable impact upon how effective the intervention is. INTRODUCTION: 110 Modern medical practice is founded on applying scientific principles to the art of medicine (Lauerman: 2008). The National Institute for Nursing Research (2013) defines nursing research as the underpinning knowledge that enables nurses to promote and improve...
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...Congestive Heart Failure Introduction Everyone loses pumping ability in their heart as they age. The serious case of heart failure develops when other health conditions cause the heart to work harder or become damaged due to increased stress. Heart failure is usually a chronic disease. It gradually tends to become worse. By the time someone is diagnosed with it, the heart has most likely begun to lose pumping capacity for quits some time. Nearly five million Americans are living with heart failure and 550,000 new cases are diagnosed each year. This paper will discuss what heart failure is, and what nursing interventions may be of help to patients who suffer from this disease. My grandmother was recently diagnosed with congestive heart failure. By interviewing her and performing a brief assessment, I hope to recognize a few nursing diagnoses and some interventions that may make her disease more bearable. Heart failure can involve the right side of the heart, the left side, or both. Heart failure usually affects the left side first. Each side of the heart is made up of two chambers the atrium and the ventricle. If either of these chambers loses their ability to keep up with the amount of blood flow then heart failure occurs. Custom writing service can write essays on Congestive Heart Failure Left - sided failure involves the left (lower) ventricle. The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. This chamber is the largest and is...
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...Women were not allowed into NASA’s Astronaut Training Program before 1978. For this research paper, I will be discussing the first ten women who have taken trips out of this planet and details about their missions. On June 16, 1963, Valentina V. Tereshkova was the first woman to ever go to space. She was also the youngest woman to go into space at 26 years of age. The former Russian cosmonaut piloted Vostok 6. She completed almost three days in space and orbited the Earth forty-eight times. Tereshkova had no experience at all as a pilot, but she was accepted into the Soviet Space Program because of her 126 parachute jumps. She had 18 months of training along with 4 other women, out of the 5 she was the only one who went into space. The second...
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