...Concepts of inequality and structural violence is advanced by Farmer in his work, Infections and Inequalities: The Modern Plagues. The novel shines light on the specific inequalities of women (Farmer 2011 [1996], 2001 [1999]), as well as those with various views and understanding of the disease on an individual and international aid sponsor country scale (Farmer 2006a [1992], 2006b [1994], 2011 [1996], 2001 [1999]). Farmer connects biomedicine and anthropology throughout the book addressing challenges involving the perceived causes of TB in Haiti. Identifying it as rationalized suffering (Farmer 2001 [1999]). Stating that “the anthropologist within me is perfectly satisfied to analyze such explanations, but to a physician it is nothing less...
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...Strategy and Implementation Plan, there is still much work to be done. This brief highlights underexplored explanations for these disparities and outlines possible solutions to begin addressing them. Oftentimes, popular culture has offered unfortunately erroneous explanations for the stark racial disparate impact of HIV/ AIDS. The mass media, for example, has suggested that black men “on the down low” infect black women by secretly sleeping with male partners, acting as a bisexual “bridge” between gay and straight communities. But public health scholars have found little support for this theory. Many may assume that black people suffer from greater HIV prevalence because they are considered less sexually responsible than whites. Yet several studies have shown that black women and black men who have sex with men—the two groups most severely impacted by HIV/AIDS—have similar numbers of sexual partners and use condoms as often as their white counterparts. Thus, behavioral risk factors, while important, cannot fully explain the racial disparity. Instead, the racial HIV gap and the racial health gap in general, is strongly correlated with the racial wealth gap, which in turn is the direct outcome of both historical and contemporary processes of segregation in housing, education, employment, and health care as well as racially skewed mass incarceration. In this way,...
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...Based on an editorial that was published in Molacular Autism, Betancur, C., & Buxbaum, J. D. review the connection between Autism and SHANK3 haploinsufficiency (2013). Mutations in this gene are related to the development of Autism Spectrum Disorders. This editorial suggests a connection between Autism Spectrum Disorders and alteration in the DNA sequence that make up the gene (2013). Besides genetic factors, Autism is a disorder that can be linked to environmental factors. In a peer review article, authors: Matsuzaki, H., Iwata, K., Manabe, T., and Mori, N review pervious research associated with possible causes of Autism Spectrum disorder. Potential causes have been linked to both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors such as chromosome 15 and X chromosome, and environmental factors such as, thyroid hormones, viral infections, and oxytocin could be possible causes of autism (2012). There is no link between Autism and MMR vaccine and also the dosage of vaccines received in a single doctor visit. In a case control study in Japan, authors researched the possibility of a relationship between vaccination and Autism and found no link between the 2. This research is consistent with a case-controlled research that was performed in a Caucasian society (as cited in Uno, et al, 2012). The result of this research along with other researches that examined the relationship between vaccines received in the first 2 years of life proves...
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...Individual Assignment (#2) “Hasbro Interactive, Case Study” Strategic Marketing Management (MKT 600) Done By: Dima El Jalbout ID#: 23406 Submitted to: Dr. Elie Asmar Academic Year: Spring 2015-2016 Date: Monday, March 14, 2016 Long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away families had a game night—once a week they'd pull out a stack of boxes from a closet and everyone would flex their knowledge of trivia (Trivial Pursuit), vocabulary (Scrabble), or even their real-estate management skills (Monopoly). All these childhood memories, the related games and much more were created by “Hasbro, Inc”. Unfortunately the company end up being sold to another French company due to many failures discussed below. After Hasbro Inc and Hasbro Interactive and all the rapid growth and success the company has had, it began acquiring software firms and became separate divisions instead of one united entity. The owner was over optimistic; he set very high target sales and revenues which led to lots of missed targets and caused Hasbro interactive to start losing money. Structural challenges were many from which we can mention: * Hasbro’s related companies departments didn’t report to the main division, * No strategic plans for the company (other than acquiring as many companies with no consideration of the prices), * Main division set very aggressive sales expectations due to overconfidence, * Huge revenues gained by Hasbro interactive were spent on large employees’...
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...Associate Professor Department of Business Administration, Shu-Te University China Le Thi Cam Tu Graduate School of Business Administration China ABSTRACT Counterfeits consumption has recently attracted considerable attention. This study examines factors affecting consumer purchase intention for counterfeit products. Specially, this study takes Vietnam, a developing country where consumer behavior is being affected by rising living standard, as a research object. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior of Ajzen with the additional factor of perceived financial control, it is hoped that an improved framework can be obtained for predicting customer intention to purchase counterfeits. The hypotheses were tested via Structural Equation Modeling technique. The results indicated that subjective norms exert the greatest impact on customer intention to purchase counterfeits, while additional factor of perceived financial control negatively affects intentions. This investigation can help marketers and policy makers understand the key influences on consumer behavior towards counterfeits and thus to create effective marketing campaigns and anti-piracy strategies. KEYWORDS: Consumer behavioral intention, Counterfeit products, Perceived financial control, Structural Equation Modeling, Theory of Planned Behavior Introduction While globalization has resulted in the lowering of international barriers, it has also created new opportunities for illegal trade. The international trade in counterfeit...
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...Crime Causation Study: Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency By Latoya Benn St. John’s University CRM 224 Dr. Zhou May 5, 2015 Abstract This paper will explore the Gluecks 1950 longitudinal study of 1000 delinquent and non-delinquent boys from a Life Course Criminology perspective. We will examined the issues of change and continuity over the life course. We will discuss the project’s creation and the main objective of the project. We will address the major elements of the project such as who participated in the project, year the project was conducted, the methodology used, how the data was collected, research questions the project could help answer, major findings, and strengths and weaknesses of the project. Background Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck investigated the results of various forms of correctional treatment over 15 years and found that juvenile courts and reformatories were ineffective. They believed that a better understanding of causation was essential for crime prevention and therapy, the present study (Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency) was planned to unravel the complex causes of delinquency. The main objective of the study was to uncover the causes of juvenile delinquency and adult criminality and in assessing the overall effectiveness of correctional treatment in preventing criminal careers. This project was a rather large project especially in the era that the study was done. The Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency study started in 1950 and subsequent...
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...Accounting, Organizations and Society 28 (2003) 127–168 www.elsevier.com/locate/aos Management control systems design within its organizational context: findings from contingency-based research and directions for the future Robert H. Chenhall Department of Accounting and Finance, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia Abstract Contingency-based research has a long tradition in the study of management control systems (MCS). Researchers have attempted to explain the effectiveness of MCS by examining designs that best suit the nature of the environment, technology, size, structure, strategy and national culture. In recent years, contingency-based research has maintained its popularity with studies including these variables but redefining them in contemporary terms. This paper provides a critical review of findings from contingency-based studies over the past 20 years, deriving a series of propositions relating MCS to organizational context. The paper examines issues related to the purpose of MCS, the elements of MCS, the meaning and measurement of contextual variables, and issues concerning theory development. A final section considers the possibility that contingency-based ideas could encompass insights from a variety of theories to help understand MCS within its organizational context. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction The three purposes of this paper are to provide a review of empirical, contingency-based research as it has developed...
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...Consumer Purchase of Organic Products……………………………………………….………..5 Methodology:………………………………………………………………………….………….7 * Procedure ………………………………………………………………………..……7 * Samples Description…………………………………………………………………..8 Results:………………………………………………………………………………….…………8 * Identification of Groups……………………………………………………………….9 * Preliminary Results…………………………………………………………………..10 * Invariance Testing……………………………………………………………………12 * Structural Modeling…………………………………………...……………………..14 Discussion………………………………………………………………………………….…….16 Conclusions………………………………………………………………………………………18 References……………………………………………………………………………………..…20 Abstracts In this paper, I analyze the market for organic products in eight European countries, based on differences in their respective value systems. With a significant sample of 8014 consumers, I first identify international segments in the European organic products market using the Values Theory. Then I apply the Theory of Planned Behavior to examine how European consumers use attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control to form their purchase intention for organic products. Results show that subjective norms are the main underlying factor driving consumer behavior concerning these products. This effect is higher for the group of countries whose citizens score higher on Schwartz's value scale. In this segment of countries, people are more likely to be affected by what others think, which means that the best approach is to increase social awareness...
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...jcc23black.qxd 21/11/06 1:01 pm Page 25 Corporate Social Responsibility as Capability The Case of BHP Billiton Leeora D. Black Australian Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility; and Faculty of Business and Economics, Monash University Corporate social responsiveness is what companies do in order to be socially responsible. This paper presents a case study of social responsiveness at the global mining firm BHP Billiton to illustrate a model of social responsiveness capabilities. Until now, corporate social responsiveness has described processes of environmental scanning, issues management and stakeholder management. The model presented here suggests that social responsiveness is rather understood as a cluster of five organisation-level capabilities that span an organisation’s culture and structure. The case study explores evidence for social responsiveness capabilities at BHP Billiton and considers management implications for the development of management abilities for social responsibility. Director of the Australian Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility, Dr Leeora Black is a consultant, researcher and educator focused on integrating social responsibility into business operations and strategies and measuring corporate social responsibility. Her work analyses complex CSR issues and problems and builds organisational CSR capabilities. She works with global firms, government businesses and social-sector organisations on integration of CSR...
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...ABSTRACT The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of macroeconomic evils – unemployment and inflation on different categories of crime rates – property and violent crimes in Malaysia via the multivariate Johansen-Juselius and Granger causality techniques. This study used annual data from 1970 to 2006. Johansen-Juselius cointegration tests revealed that property and violent crimes are cointegrated with unemployment and inflation. Furthermore, the empirical evidence exhibit that unemployment and inflation are the driving factors for crimes in Malaysia. Therefore, supply-side economy may be an ideal choice of policy to reduce crime rates in Malaysia. Keywords: Crime, Inflation, Unemployment, Malaysia 1. INTRODUCTION Recent deliberation on whether “Malaysia is a safe haven for travel and investment?” was frequently asked by the international tourists and foreign investors owing to the increasing trend of crime rates in Malaysia. From the visual inspection in Figure 1, both property and violent crime rates in Malaysia has increased quite significantly between 1970 and 2006. Over a decade from 1970 to 1980, both property and violent crime rates in Malaysia increased more than two folds. The property crime rate increased drastically from 25 thousand cases in 1970 to 66 thousand cases in 1980. In the similar vein, violent crime rates increased from approximately 3 thousand cases in 1970 to approximately 8 thousand cases in 1980. During the period of...
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...that better to implement effectively a second grade strategy than to ruin a first class strategy by ineffective implementation. Less than 50% of formulated strategies get implemented (Mintzberg 1994; Miller 2002; Hambrick and Canella 1989). Every failure of implementation is a failure of formulation. The utility of any tool lies in its effective usage and so is the case with strategy. Strategy is the instrument through which a firm attempts to exploit opportunities available in the business environment. The performance of a firm is a function of how effective it is in converting a plan into action and executing it. Thus implementation is the key to performance, given an appropriate strategy. In literature, implementation has been defined as “the process by which strategies and policies are put into action through the development of programs, budgets and procedures” (Wheelan and Hunger pp15). This involves the design or adjustment of the organisation through which the administration of the enterprise occurs. This includes changes to existing roles of people, their reporting relationships, their evaluation and control mechanisms and the actual flow of data and information through the communication channels which support the enterprise (Chandler 1962; Hrebiniak and Joyce 2005). Evolution The field of Strategic management has grown in the last thirty five years developing into a discipline in its own right. Borrowing extensively from Economics and Social sciences, it is still...
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...Foster, Anthony Francescucci, Bettina West Purpose of the Study. Digital resources are an integral part of online education. Although advocates of digitized information believe that millennial students will embrace the paperless classroom, this is not proving to be the case. This research addresses gaps in our understanding of student resistance to giving up paper-based learning resources by examining attributes of the paper textbook that are perceived as necessary for knowledge transfer and that are not present in digital information modalities. Method/Design and Sample. Phase 1 used focus groups to identify the content of items that were incorporated into a quantitative instrument in phase 2. A sample of 386 undergraduate students taking marketing courses at a Canadian urban university completed the online survey. We then used Confirmatory Factor Analysis to test the factors linked to resistance to discontinuing paper textbooks. Results. Students’ resistance to giving up the paper textbook positively relates to the way in which the paper textbook facilitate learning and study processes, is permanent and under the students’ control during and after the course is finished. The fluid and dynamic nature of digital content compared to the more consistent and predictable nature of information on paper appears to be a barrier to the acquisition of knowledge for the purpose of assessment. Value to Marketing Educators. This study provides insights into the underlying reasons for student...
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...Finland University of Murcia, Spain Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Purpose: Smartphones facilitate the potential adoption of new mobile applications. The purpose of this research is to study users and non-users of three selected mobile applications, and find out what really drives the intention to use these applications across users and non-users. Design/methodology/approach: The authors measured actual usage of mobile applications in a panel study of 579 Finnish smartphone users, using in-device measurements as an objective way to identify users and non-users. A web-based survey was used in collecting data to test an extended TAM model in explaining intention to use. Findings: Perceived technological barriers negatively affect behavioural control, reflecting people’s assessment of themselves being capable of using the services without trouble. Behavioural control is directly linked to perceived usefulness (except for games) and perceived enjoyment, as hypothesized. Perceived enjoyment and usefulness were generically found to explain intention to use applications for both users and for non-users. Research limitations/implications: With regards to the impact of social norms, the study finds that further research needs to be done in exploring its impact more thoroughly. The dataset of the research, consisting purely of male-dominated, young smartphone users, make the generalization of results difficult. Practical implications:...
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...FACING UNIVERSITY TRAINED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA. BY BETT BARNABAS EDU/PGT/09/07 A PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY IN TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION (BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING OPTION) DEPARTMENT OF TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION SCHOOL OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF ELDORET APRIL, 2014 DECLARATION DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE This proposal is my original work and has not been presented for any award in any other university. No part of this work may be submitted without my permission. NAME: BETT BARNABAS……………………………. REGN.NO:.…EDU/PGT/09/07……………………….. SIGNATURE:………………………. DECLARATION BY SUPERVISORS This proposal has been submitted for examination with our approval as university supervisors. NAME: Dr. KYALO……………………….. SIGNATURE:…………………. DATE:…………………………. NAME:…DR. DIMO……………………… SIGNATURE:…………………… DATE:……………………………. DEDICATION. It is my pleasure to dedicate this work to my family whose efforts have made me proud, with all the stresses through the course work and writing of this proposal they have been on my side. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to determine the challenges facing university trained structural engineers in the construction...
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...Vocational Behavior journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jvb A model of career success: A longitudinal study of emergency physicians q Sarah Pachulicz, Neal Schmitt *, Goran Kuljanin Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 262 Psychology, E. Lansing, Michigan 48824-1116, USA a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Objective and subjective career success were hypothesized to mediate the relationships between sociodemographic variables, human capital indices, individual difference variables, and organizational sponsorship as inputs and a retirement decision and intentions to leave either the specialty of emergency medicine (EM) or medicine as output variables. Objective career success operationalized as the number of leadership positions held did not mediate the relationship, but income change and career satisfaction mediated the relationship between the hours worked and years employed in emergency medicine. Work centrality was significantly related to subjective career success more so for men than women and perceptions of success or self-efficacy were positively related to subjective career success for women, but not for men. The expected pattern of women indicating more difficulties with personal time and family time did not emerge; but women did indicate less perceived support from the organization, fewer EM leadership positions, less perceived control over their work situation and less organizational support than did men. Ó 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights...
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